The Effect of Energy Conditions of Cells on the Biosynthesis of Cellulose

1991 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
I. A. Tarchevsky ◽  
G. N. Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conditions

Incompleteness of General Relativity, Einstein's Errors, and Related Experiments-- American Physical Society March meeting, Z23 5, 2015 --

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2135-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lo
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Einstein Equation ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Radiation Reaction ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Positive Mass Theorem ◽  
Wave Source ◽  
Photonic Energy

General relativity is incomplete since it does not include the gravitational radiation reaction force and the interaction of gravitation with charged particles. General relativity is confusing because Einstein's covariance principle is invalid in physics. Moreover, there is no bounded dynamic solution for the Einstein equation. Thus, Gullstrand is right and the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physics press release is incorrect. Moreover, awards to Christodoulou reflect the blind faith toward Einstein and accumulated errors in mathematics. Note that the Einstein equation with an electromagnetic wave source has no valid solution unless a photonic energy-stress tensor with an anti-gravitational coupling is added. Thus, the photonic energy includes gravitational energy. The existence of anti-gravity coupling implies that the energy conditions in space-time singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose cannot be satisfied, and thus are irrelevant. Also, the positive mass theorem of Yau and Schoen is misleading, though considered as an achievement by the Fields Medal. E = mc2 is invalid for the electromagnetic energy alone. The discovery of the charge-mass interaction establishes the need for unification of electromagnetism and gravitation and would explain many puzzles. Experimental investigations for further results are important.

scholarly journals Novel black-bounce spacetimes: Wormholes, regularity, energy conditions, and causal structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco S. N. Lobo ◽  
Manuel E. Rodrigues ◽  
Marcos V. de S. Silva ◽  
Alex Simpson ◽  
Matt Visser
Keyword(s):  
Causal Structure ◽  
Energy Conditions

scholarly journals Carbon and Nitrogen Sources Have No Impact on the Organization and Composition of Ustilago maydis Respiratory Supercomplexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Deyamira Matuz-Mares ◽  
Oscar Flores-Herrera ◽  
Guadalupe Guerra-Sánchez ◽  
Lucero Romero-Aguilar ◽  
Héctor Vázquez-Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Atp Synthesis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Respiratory Complexes ◽  
Respiratory Supercomplexes ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenases ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Respiratory supercomplexes are found in mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and some bacteria. A hypothetical role of these supercomplexes is electron channeling, which in principle should increase the respiratory chain efficiency and ATP synthesis. In addition to the four classic respiratory complexes and the ATP synthase, U. maydis mitochondria contain three type II NADH dehydrogenases (NADH for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and the alternative oxidase. Changes in the composition of the respiratory supercomplexes due to energy requirements have been reported in certain organisms. In this study, we addressed the organization of the mitochondrial respiratory complexes in U. maydis under diverse energy conditions. Supercomplexes were obtained by solubilization of U. maydis mitochondria with digitonin and separated by blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (BN-PAGE). The molecular mass of supercomplexes and their probable stoichiometries were 1200 kDa (I1:IV1), 1400 kDa (I1:III2), 1600 kDa (I1:III2:IV1), and 1800 kDa (I1:III2:IV2). Concerning the ATP synthase, approximately half of the protein is present as a dimer and half as a monomer. The distribution of respiratory supercomplexes was the same in all growth conditions. We did not find evidence for the association of complex II and the alternative NADH dehydrogenases with other respiratory complexes.

scholarly journals Diverse floodplain deposits of reworked loess in a monsoon climate (Hanzhong Basin, central China)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Jef Vandenberghe ◽  
Xun Yang ◽  
Xianyan Wang ◽  
Shejiang Wang ◽  
Huayu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Formation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Central China ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Varied Intensity ◽  
Floodplain Deposits ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Floodplain Sediments

Abstract This paper describes an assemblage of diverse floodplain facies of reworked loess (facies b, c) in a Middle Pleistocene monsoonal setting of the Hanzhong Basin, central China. The vertical and lateral sedimentary sequences show changing energy conditions. Apart from the highest energy in the channel facies (facies a), a relatively high energy floodplain environment (facies b) prevailed in waterlogged conditions, with small, laterally migrating (sub)channels. Facies b generally interfingers with aggrading horizontal sheets of overbank deposits in alluvial pools and swamps in a floodplain with much lower energy (facies c), in which phases of stability (soil formation) occasionally interrupted overbank deposition. Reworked loess forms the main part of the floodplain deposits. The paleosols are considered to have been formed under low hydrodynamic conditions in an interglacial environment. These interglacial conditions follow the commonly assumed glacial conditions of channel facies a. The sedimentary successions in the floodplain show a recurrent composition and cyclicity between wet and dry floodplain sedimentation terminated by stability with soil formation. The cyclic rhythm of stacked high- and low-energy floodplain sediments is attributed to varied intensity of different hydrodynamic flooding events that may have been due to changing monsoonal rainfall or simple intrinsic fluvial behavior.

scholarly journals Traversable wormholes in Einsteinian cubic gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (06) ◽  
pp. 2050017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mehdizadeh ◽  
Amir Hadi Ziaie
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Energy Condition ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Geodesic Motion ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Asymptotically Flat ◽  
Traversable Wormholes ◽  
Standard Energy

In this work, we investigate wormhole configurations described by a constant redshift function in Einstein-Cubic gravity ( ECG ). We derive analytical wormhole geometries by assuming a particular equation of state ( EoS ) and investigate the possibility that these solutions satisfy the standard energy conditions. We introduce exact asymptotically flat and anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes that admit traversable wormholes. These solutions are obtained by imposing suitable values for the parameters of the theory so that the resulted geometries satisfy the weak energy condition ( WEC ) in the vicinity of the throat, due to the presence of higher-order curvature terms. Moreover, we find that AdS solutions satisfy the WEC throughout the spacetime. A description of the geodesic motion of time-like and null particles is presented for the obtained wormhole solutions. Also, using gravitational lensing effects, observational features of the wormhole structure are discussed.

scholarly journals Traversable wormholes with exponential shape function in modified gravity and general relativity: A comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (09) ◽  
pp. 2050068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauranga C. Samanta ◽  
Nisha Godani ◽  
Kazuharu Bamba
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Modified Gravity ◽  
Shape Function ◽  
Anisotropy Parameter ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Traversable Wormholes

We have proposed a novel shape function on which the metric that models traversable wormholes is dependent. Using this shape function, the energy conditions, equation-of-state and anisotropy parameter are analyzed in [Formula: see text] gravity, [Formula: see text] gravity and general relativity. Furthermore, the consequences obtained with respect to these theories are compared. In addition, the existence of wormhole geometries is investigated.

The possibility of a stable flat dark energy-dominated Swiss-cheese brane-world universe

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (05) ◽  
pp. 2050075
Author(s):  
Nasr Ahmed ◽  
Kazuharu Bamba ◽  
F. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Cosmological Models ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Late Time ◽  
Swiss Cheese ◽  
Black Strings ◽  
The Stability

In this paper, we study the possibility of obtaining a stable flat dark energy-dominated universe in a good agreement with observations in the framework of Swiss-cheese brane-world cosmology. Two different brane-world cosmologies with black strings have been introduced for any cosmological constant [Formula: see text] using two empirical forms of the scale factor. In both models, we have performed a fine-tuning between the brane tension and the cosmological constant so that the Equation of state (EoS) parameter [Formula: see text] for the current epoch, where the redshift [Formula: see text]. We then used these fine–tuned values to calculate and plot all parameters and energy conditions. The deceleration–acceleration cosmic transition is allowed in both models, and the jerk parameter [Formula: see text] at late-times. Both solutions predict a future dark energy-dominated universe in which [Formula: see text] with no crossing to the phantom divide line. While the pressure in the first solution is always negative, the second solution predicts a better behavior of cosmic pressure where the pressure is negative only in the late-time accelerating era but positive in the early-time decelerating era. Such a positive-to-negative transition in the evolution of pressure helps to explain the cosmic deceleration–acceleration transition. Since black strings have been proved to be unstable by some authors, this instability can actually reflect doubts on the stability of cosmological models with black strings (Swiss-cheese type brane-worlds cosmological models). For this reason, we have carefully investigated the stability through energy conditions and sound speed. Because of the presence of quadratic energy terms in Swiss-cheese type brane-world cosmology, we have tested the new nonlinear energy conditions in addition to the classical energy conditions. We have also found that a negative tension brane is not allowed in both models of the current work as the energy density will no longer be well defined.

scholarly journals Lookback time bounds from energy conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santos ◽  
J. S. Alcaniz ◽  
M. J. Rebouças ◽  
N. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Time Bounds

Machining Deformation Equation of FWP Based on Rayleigh-Leeds Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 562-564 ◽  
pp. 917-920
Author(s):  
Yao Hua Deng ◽  
Gui Xiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conditions ◽  
Test Function ◽  
Bending Deformation ◽  
Flexible Workpiece ◽  
Deformation Equation ◽  
Flexible Part ◽  
Minimum Potential ◽  
Deformation Test ◽  
Function Finding ◽  
The Relationship

This paper discusses the FWP bending deformation processing computing problems. Using Rayleigh-Leeds method to solve the flexible part bending deformation. Designing flexible part bending deformation test function. Finding out the flexible part itself material characteristics, the relationship between Fz and deformation through satisfying FWP processing process of a flexible minimum potential energy conditions to work out the approximate solution of the flexible part bending deformation. Finally, think a rectangular flexible workpiece that made of polyurethane sponge as an experiment subject. The results show that the calculated results of the average of the relative deviation are only 6.85%. Proof that this bending deformation test functions satisfies the actual deformation calculation requirements.

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