Calculated Nutrient Balance for Several Systems

Fertilizer particularly nitrogen is part of the concern about groundwater contamination. Many floricultural and ornamental plants do not need the high rates of nitrogen that are typically recommended. However, whenever one alters the quantity of a given nutrient the overall nutrient balance, as well as other physiological processes, changes. A brief overview of our research on poinsettias, roses, and chrysanthemums will be presented. Suggested ratios, critical S levels and nutrient problems associated with incorrect balances will be shared. Limitations due to statistical methods and the impact nutrient balance has on certain plant processes such as flowering and coloring and thus, consumer acceptance will be summarized. Future plans in this area may focus on the need for new statistical techniques, nutrient acquisition by roots and consumer perceptions of plant quality.

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Effects of Leachate Fertigation and the Addition of Hydrogen Peroxide on Growth and Nutrient Balance in Dracaena deremensis Potted Plants

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010127 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Pedro García-Caparrós ◽

Cristina Velasquez Espino ◽

María Teresa Lao

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sugar Concentration ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Peat Moss ◽

Clear Trend ◽

Total Soluble Sugar

The reuse of drainages for cultivating more salt tolerant crops can be a useful tool especially in arid regions, where there are severe problems for crops water management. Dracaena deremensis L. plants were cultured in pots with sphagnum peat-moss and were subjected to three fertigation treatments for 8 weeks: control treatment or standard nutrient solution (D0), raw leachates from Chrysalidocarpus lutescens H. Wendl plants (DL) and the same leachate blending with H2O2 (1.2 M) at 1% (v/v) (DL + H2O2). After harvesting, ornamental and biomass parameters, leaf and root proline and total soluble sugar concentration and nutrient balance were assessed in each fertigation treatment. Plant height, leaf and total dry weight had the highest values in plants fertigated with leachates with H2O2, whereas root length, leaf number, RGB values and pigment concentration declined significantly in plants fertigated with leachates from C. lutescens with or without H2O2. The fertigation with leachates, regardless of the presence or absence of H2O2 increased root and leaf proline concentration. Nevertheless, root and leaf total soluble sugar concentration did not show a clear trend under the treatments assessed. Regarding nutrient balance, the addition of H2O2 in the leachate resulted in an increase in plant nutrient uptake and efficiency compared to the control treatment. The fertigation with leachates with or without H2O2 increased nitrogen and potassium leached per plant compared to plants fertigated with the standard nutrient solution. The reuse of drainages is a viable option to produce ornamental plants reducing the problematic associated with the water consumption and the release of nutrients into the environment.

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Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-021-13700-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Iqra Ghafoor ◽

Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽

Muqarrab Ali ◽

Muhammad Afzal ◽

Wazir Ahmed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Harvest Index ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Partial Factor Productivity ◽

Partial Factor ◽

Coated Fertilizers

AbstractHigher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.

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Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11081472 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1472

Author(s):

Ilaria Piccoli ◽

Felice Sartori ◽

Riccardo Polese ◽

Maurizio Borin ◽

Antonio Berti

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Environmental Indicators ◽

Nutrient Loss ◽

Real Field ◽

Short Term ◽

Organic Fertiliser ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

P Balance

Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.

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Temporal dynamics of nutrient balance, plasma biochemical and immune traits, and liver function in transition dairy cows

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63153-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 820-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo-fei SUN ◽

Yang-chun CAO ◽

Chuan-jiang CAI ◽

Chao YU ◽

Sheng-xiang LI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Transition Dairy Cows ◽

Immune Traits

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Interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting bacterial endophytes on ameliorating salinity stress in maize

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp15054 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 770 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽

Mathias Neumann Andersen ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Zahir Ahmad Zahir ◽

Fulai Liu

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Crop Production ◽

Interactive Effect ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Salt Affected Soils

The objective of this work was to study the interactive effect of biochar and plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase and exopolysaccharide activity on mitigating salinity stress in maize (Zea mays L.). The plants were grown in a greenhouse under controlled conditions, and were subjected to separate or combined treatments of biochar (0% and 5%, w/w) and two endophytic bacterial strains (Burkholderia phytofirmans (PsJN) and Enterobacter sp. (FD17)) and salinity stress. The results indicated that salinity significantly decreased the growth of maize, whereas both biochar and inoculation mitigated the negative effects of salinity on maize performance either by decreasing the xylem Na+ concentration ([Na+]xylem) uptake or by maintaining nutrient balance within the plant, especially when the two treatments were applied in combination. Moreover, in biochar-amended saline soil, strain FD17 performed significantly better than did PsJN in reducing [Na+]xylem. Our results suggested that inoculation of plants with endophytic baterial strains along with biochar amendment could be an effective approach for sustaining crop production in salt-affected soils.

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Understanding nutrient imbalances in maize (Zea mays L.) using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) approach in the Maize belt of Nigeria

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95172-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kamaluddin T. Aliyu ◽

Jeroen Huising ◽

Alpha Y. Kamara ◽

Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽

Ibrahim B. Mohammed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Integrated System ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Nutrient Imbalances ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Result Show ◽

Use Efficiency

AbstractLow nutrient use efficiency in maize as a result of imbalanced nutrition has been reported to drastically reduce yield. We implemented a nutrient omission experiment to assess the effect of nutrient application on maize yield and nutritional balance. Maize ear leaves were analyzed for nutrients, to identify nutrient balance status using the Diagnostic and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach. Results indicated that omission of N or P resulted in highly imbalanced DRIS indices respectively, and significantly lower grain yield. A strong inverse relationship between K ear leaf content with DRIS index suggests that K application negatively increases K imbalance in many situations. Imbalances of Mg, Ca and Cu were more associated with higher yielding treatments. A Which-Won-Where result show that nutrient imbalances in the diagnosis were systematically frequent when N was omitted. All the diagnosed nutrients were imbalanced even under the highest yielding NPKZn treatment; indicating further opportunity for yield increase with more balanced nutrition. Balanced nutrition of maize in the maize belt of Nigeria should target application of varying rates of N, P, K, Mg, S and Zn, depending on the soil conditions. But, because of complexities of nutrient interactions during uptake, it is hardly possible to realize a balanced nutrition. However, differentiating the application of antagonistic nutrients into foliar or soil-based methods is recommended for a more balanced maize nutrition.

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