Role of calcium antagonists in progression of arteriosclerosis. Evidence from animal experiments and clinical experience

1994 ◽  
pp. 161-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Just ◽  
M. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Calcium Antagonists ◽  
Animal Experiments

Specialized, pro-resolving mediators as potential therapeutic agents for alleviating fibromyalgia symptomatology

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Livshits ◽  
Alexander Kalinkovich
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Unsuccessful Treatment ◽  
Pain Sensitization ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Inflammation Resolution

Abstract Objective To present a hypothesis on a novel strategy in the treatment of fibromyalgia (FM). Design A narrative review. Setting FM as a disease remains a challenging concept for numerous reasons, including undefined etiopathogenesis, unclear triggers and unsuccessful treatment modalities. We hypothesize that the inflammatome, the entire set of molecules involved in inflammation, acting as a common pathophysiological instrument of gut dysbiosis, sarcopenia, and neuroinflammation, is one of the major mechanisms underlying FM pathogenesis. In this setup, dysbiosis is proposed as the primary trigger of the inflammatome, sarcopenia as the peripheral nociceptive source, and neuroinflammation as the central mechanism of pain sensitization, transmission and symptomatology of FM. Whereas neuroinflammation is highly-considered as a critical deleterious element in FM pathogenesis, the presumed pathogenic roles of sarcopenia and systemic inflammation remain controversial. Nevertheless, sarcopenia-associated processes and dysbiosis have been recently detected in FM individuals. The prevalence of pro-inflammatory factors in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood has been repeatedly observed in FM individuals, supporting an idea on the role of inflammatome in FM pathogenesis. As such, failed inflammation resolution might be one of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In accordance, the application of specialized, inflammation pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) seems most suitable for this goal. Conclusions The capability of various SPMs to prevent and attenuate pain has been repeatedly demonstrated in laboratory animal experiments. Since SPMs suppress inflammation in a manner that does not compromise host defense, they could be attractive and safe candidates for the alleviation of FM symptomatology, probably in combination with anti-dysbiotic medicine.

scholarly journals Clinical experience and critical evaluation of the role of sorafenib in renal cell carcinoma

2011 ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lombardi ◽  
Zustovich ◽  
Nicoletto ◽  
Pastorelli ◽  
Dal Bianco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Critical Evaluation

Role of oxygen in the production of human decompression sickness

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2380-2387 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Weathersby ◽  
B. L. Hart ◽  
E. T. Flynn ◽  
W. F. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Inert Gases ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Data Variability ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
High O2

In the calculation of decompression schedules, it is commonly assumed that only the inert gas needs to be considered; all inspired O2 is ignored. Animal experiments have shown that high O2 can increase risk of serious decompression sickness (DCS). A trial was performed to assess the relative risks of O2 and N2 in human no-decompression dives. Controlled dives (477) of 30- to 240-min duration were performed with subjects breathing mixtures with low (0.21–0.38 ATA) or high (1.0–1.5 ATA) Po2. Depths were chosen by a sequential dose-response format. Only 11 cases of DCS and 18 cases of marginal symptoms were recorded despite exceeding the presently accepted no-decompression limits by greater than 20%. Analysis by maximum likelihood showed a shallow dose-response curve for increasing depth. O2 was estimated to have zero influence on DCS risk, although data variability still allows a slight chance that O2 could be 40% as effective as N2 in producing a risk of DCS. Consideration of only inert gases is thus justified in calculating human decompression tables.

Structuring the Wider Environment and the DBT Team

2018 ◽  
pp. 216-234
Author(s):  
Michaela A. Swales ◽  
Christine Dunkley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Implementation Research ◽  
Dialectical Tensions ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy ◽  
The Core ◽  
Clinical Literature ◽  
Consultation Team ◽  
The Individual

The role of the dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) team lead is rarely discussed in the DBT academic or clinical literature. However, much implementation research and clinical experience in training and supporting teams new to DBT indicates the importance of the team lead to the correct and efficient functioning of the team itself. This chapter outlines the role of the team lead in relation to two of the functions of DBT; structuring the environment, and enhancing therapists’ capabilities and motivation. It outlines and discusses the core tasks of each of these functions for the team lead. Additionally, it describes the skills and strategies team leads need to learn and deploy to their team in the individual therapeutic and consultation team settings. Lastly, it outlines common dialectical tensions that can arise for team leads, and offers strategies for their management.

scholarly journals The Bioavailability of Astaxanthin Is Dependent on Both the Source and the Isomeric Variants of the Molecule

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam MIMOUN-BENARROCH ◽  
Cindy HOGOT ◽  
Larbi RHAZI ◽  
Claude Narcisse NIAMBA ◽  
Flore DEPEINT
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Colonic Cells

Astaxanthin is a marine carotenoid that has a number of potential health benefits, including a very strong antioxidant potential. Present in the flesh of salmonids and shellfish, its natural sources currently on the market for food supplements come from the algae Haematococcus pluvialis and krill. However other natural sources can be found and may be of interest. Cellular uptake studies were performed on Caco-2/TC7 colonic cells. The cells were cultured on a semi-permeable membrane to create a polarized and functional epithelium, representative of the intestinal barrier. Four sources of astaxanthin were selected and compared; synthetic, natural extracts from bacteria, algae or yeast. Astaxanthin was incorporated at a concentration of 5µM into mixed micelles and applied to cultured cells and concentration of astaxanthin measured by HPLC in both apical and basolateral compartments. Small variations in bioavailability were observed at 3 hours. After 6 hours, only the algae source of astaxanthin was still present in the apical compartment as the esterified form. Structure-activity relationships are further discussed. Animal experiments using yeast and algae sources in different types of matrices confirm the role of source and formulation in the bioavailability potential of astaxanthin.

scholarly journals Etiology of differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid current apprehension

2003 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Ruben Han
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ionising Radiation ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

It is apparent that in the last decade carcinoma of the thyroid is becoming increasingly prevalent. The multistage complex theory of thyroid carcinogenesis is based on observations made on cohort patients studies and during animal experiments over a period of last fifty years. The process of thyroid oncogenesis is conceived to be a series of events induced by genetic and environmental factors which alter follicular cells division and growth control. These factors can be considered as initiators (chemical agents and ionising radiation) and promoters (some goitrogenes and drugs). The first class of factors induce incipient tumorigenesis while the second augments TSH secretion and radically increases tumour growth. Normally silent, intracellular proto-oncogenes (of which Ret/PTC series are the most conceived ones) can become activated by chromosomal translocations, deletions or mutations and can transform normal follicular cell into a condition of uncontrolled division and growth. The most significant known cause of thyroid carcinomas in men is exposure to external or internal ionising radiation. Beside that, long-term iodine deficiency, effects of certain chemical carcinogens, drugs and goitrogenes must be considered as significant risk factors. Possible role of sodium/iodide symporter is becoming an objective of the most recent investigations.

scholarly journals The role of selenium in the pathogenesis of thyroid disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Troshina ◽  
Evgeniya S. Senyushkina ◽  
Maria A. Terekhova
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Combined Deficiency

The past few years have been actively discussing the role of individual macro- and micronutrients as factors regulating the functional activity of organs and systems and reducing the risk of developing a number of diseases, including thyroid diseases. Selenium is one of the most important and intensively studied at present microelements. According to several studies, its low plasma level is associated with an increased risk of developing autoimmune thyroid diseases. In animal experiments, it was shown that a combined deficiency of selenium and iodine leads to more pronounced hypothyroidism than iodine deficiency alone. Some authors believe that cretinism in the newborn is a consequence of the combined deficiency of these two elements in the mother. It is also important that the optimal level of selenium is necessary both to initiate an immune response and to regulate an excessive immune response, as well as chronic inflammation. The review article discusses the relationship between selenium and thyroid pathology, discusses the role of selenium in the physiology of the thyroid gland and in the development of autoimmune diseases. The biochemical aspects of the pathogenesis of thyroid disease are presented.

The Role of Clinical “Experience” in Diagnostic Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fasoli ◽  
Silvia Lucchelli ◽  
Renato Fasoli
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Recorded Data

Twenty-one physicians examined records of 43 patients who had attended the hospital because of chest pain. Of these patients, 20 had had coronary heart disease (CHD), 15 had had nonspecific pain, and eight had had pulmonary embolism. The physicians indicated the probability of CHD in each case on the basis of 18 clinical findings, not including ECG, x-ray, or biochemical studies. The trial was repeated five years later, using the same records, by 16 of the same physicians. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by ROC curves, and the weight ascribed to each cue was inferred by multiple regression with estimated probability of CHD as the dependent variable. No significant change of areas under the ROC curves with increasing length of clinical experience was observed. Multiple regression was significant in 30 of 37 analyses. The distributions of most physicians' estimates of probabilities had similar shapes five years apart. It is concluded that “experience” does not have a clear role in diagnostic performance based on recorded data and that personal calibration and preferences in estimating probabilities often persist for years.

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