scholarly journals Where Does Taste-Based Discrimination Come From?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-108
Author(s):  
Daniel Villiger
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Statistical Discrimination ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Group Memberships ◽  
Process Group

AbstractAs the last chapter has revealed, the reason why a decision-maker makes use of statistical discrimination is easily comprehensible. If a decision situation underlies uncertainty, he has to assess the probabilities of possible scenarios with some degree of vagueness. In this process, group memberships of providers can serve as a proxy for these probabilities.

scholarly journals Influence of Emotions on Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Cida Sanches ◽  
Michele Franco
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Empirical Base ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Intellectual Challenge

<p>The purpose of this study is to verify whether emotions and feelings influence the decisions of entrepreneurs differently in terms of gender using data collected via instruments i.e. questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The findings suggest that out of 13 factors under study, 8 showed significant differences in the responses given by the two groups: love, unfairness, compassion, dissension, individualism, insecurity, anger and surprise. Men tend to face a decision situation as an intellectual challenge. They avoid listening to other people and decide rapidly, as they understand these actions as a sign of capacity and independence. The results showed that male and female entrepreneurs are significantly affected by feelings and emotions. Women showed a greater tendency than men did towards the following factors: love, jealousy and dissension. This study contributes to the entrepreneurship liteature and broadens the empirical base of studies related to the influence of emotions and feelings of male and female entrepreneurs, providing a possible new perspective regarding decisions, taking into account the gender of the decision maker.</p>

Social Determinism and Rationality as Bases of Party Identification

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur S. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Party Identification ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Social Determinism ◽  
Image Position

In The Responsible Electorate, V. O. Key urged upon us “the perverse and unorthodox argument … that voters are not fools.” He challenged the notion that the voting act is the deterministic resultant of psychological and sociological vectors. He believed that the evidence supported the view of the voter as a reasonably rational fellow. The present article offers a corollary to Key's “unorthodox argument.” It suggests that certain sociological determinants, secifically group norms regarding party identification, may, upon examination, prove to be rational guides to action. For the voter who is a reasonably rational fellow, it will be argued, these group norms may seem rather sensible.Before proceeding to the analysis of data, some discussion of the notion of rationality seems in order. The usage subscribed to in the present analysis derives from contemporary game theory. Put most simply, being rational in a decision situation consists in examining the alternatives with which one is confronted, estimating and evaluating the likely consequences of each, and selecting that alternative which yields the most attractive set of expectations. Formally, this process entails making calculations of the following type as a basis for the decision:where:E(Vai) = expected value of alternative i.P(oj∣ai) = probability of outcome j given that V(oi) = value of outcome j to the decision maker.

Leaders, Decisions, and the Neuro-Knowledge System

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Alex Bennet ◽  
David Bennet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Basic Property ◽  
Knowledge System ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Complex Situation ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Complex Decision

Every decision-maker has a self-organizing, hierarchical set of theories (and consistent relationship among those theories) that guide their decision-making process. In support of this thesis the authors explore the following: (1) the development of invariant hierarchical patterns removed from the context and content of a specific situation; (2) the connections among values, beliefs, assumptions and those patterns (a personal theory); and (3) the robustness of those patterns and connections in a complex decision situation. These focus areas are addressed through the following chapter sections: baseline definitions; surface, shallow and deep knowledge; the decision-making process; decision-making viewed from outside the decision-maker; decision-making viewed from inside the decision-maker; anticipating the outcome of actions; hierarchy as a basic property of the decision-making system; advanced decisionmaking: the cortex; and final thoughts. It is also forwarded that the workings of our mind/brain provide a model for decision-making in a complex situation.

Influence Diagrams as a Tool for Decision Support System Design

2011 ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter O’Donnell ◽  
Rob Meredith
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
System Design ◽  
Decision Maker ◽  
Support System ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Influence Diagrams ◽  
Decision Situation ◽  
Computer Based

This article examines the application of a modeling technique called influence diagramming to decision support system (DSS) analysis. Influence diagrams allow the development of a model of the natural (at least from the perspective of the decision maker) structure of a decision situation. These diagrams are simple to develop and understand, providing the DSS analyst and the decision maker with a useful basis for communication. The diagrams can also be easily translated into specifications detailing the design of a computer-based system. In particular, influence diagrams are well suited to the specification and description of spreadsheet-based models commonly used in contemporary decision support systems.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

The (Mis-)measure of the Risky Decision Maker?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck ◽  
Thorsten Pachur ◽  
Ryan O. Murphy ◽  
Ralph Hertwig
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Risky Decision

Signaling Similarity in the Icelandic Labour Market: How Can Immigrants Reduce Statistical Discrimination?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-356
Author(s):  
Kari Kristinsson ◽  
Margret Sigrun Sigurdardottir
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Statistical Discrimination ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Signal Similarity

Research on immigration has emphasized the role that statistical discrimination plays in hiring decisions. A better understanding of how immigrants overcome this type of discrimination might lead to better interventions to improve their labour market participation. In this paper, we use qualitative interviews to examine how immigrants can reduce statistical discrimination by signalling their similarity to employers in their job applications. Specifically, we find that immigrants who demonstrate signal similarity to employers in the type of education, job experience and religion tend to reduce their statistical discrimination by employers. We suggest how further research can build on these results to provide possible tools for immigrant integration.

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