“Revolution” and “Development”—A Comparative Study of Chinese Diplomacy in the Mao Zedong Era and in the Deng Xiaoping Era

2014 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
Baoxu Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

Classical Marxism and Maoism: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
A. James Gregor
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Socialist Revolution ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Friedrich Engels ◽  
Maoist China

The issue of the Marxist character of “Mao Zedong Thought” has never really been resolved. The present work is a comparative analysis of the classical Marxism of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels and the ideology of Mao Zedong. The argument is made that whatever Marxism there was in Maoism was the “creatively developed Marxism” of V. I. Lenin–which allowed for socialist revolution in retrograde economic circumstances–something that had been specifically rejected by Marx and Engels. That led to the theoretical idiosyncrasies that characterized Maoism throughout its history, and ultimately resulted in the form rejected by Deng Xiaoping and post-Maoist China.

Rescuing the Panda from a Reforming China

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Elena Songster
Keyword(s):  
State Ownership ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Active Response ◽  
International Participation ◽  
Important State

The year 1976 was monumental for China with the loss of important state leaders, and a tragic earthquake. Amidst all of the government’s active response to a panda starvation scare demonstrates the importance of this animal to China. A repeat starvation scare in the mid-1980s creates an opportunity to trace the transformation of China from Mao Zedong era to the Deng Xiaoping era by juxtaposing the two panda-starvation scares. The responses to these two scares demonstrate a shift in the perception of nature from one of state ownership to one of popular ownership and illustrate the dramatic increase in international participation in the study of the panda and the efforts to preserve this national treasure.

From Mao Zedong to Deng Xiaoping

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-174
Author(s):  
Maria Hsia Chang
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Deng Xiaoping

On Chinese Pragmatism in the 1980s

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 207-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucian W. Pye
Keyword(s):  
Policy Evaluation ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Chinese Politics ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Contemporary China ◽  
Near Unanimity

The orthodoxy of the day is that Chinese politics is now pragmatic. The China that was once the ultimate in ideological politics in both the intensity of her passions and the follies of her principles has vanished as by the wave of a conjurer's hand. The primacy of ideology, the hallmark of Chinese Communism under Chairman Mao Zedong, has been replaced by the no-nonsense philosophy of Deng Xiaoping who does not care about the “colour of the cat” so long as it catches “the mice.” With near unanimity scholars of contemporary China welcome the change. It promises not only liberation for the Chinese people from the heavy hand of doctrinal politics but also the prospect that analysis of Chinese developments can emerge from the realm of murky esoteric interpretation into the fresh air of reasoned policy evaluation.

scholarly journals Political and socio-Economic Modernization of Modern China: The Dynamics of Ideological and Worldview Accents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
S. А. Prosekov
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Modern China ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Chinese Characteristic ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Opening Up

The article describes the history of the development of the economy and socio-political relations within the People’s Republic of China during the “reforms and opening up” since December 1978 The article gives a history of the progress of reforms before Xi Jinping came to power The paper examines each leader’s contribution from four generations of the country’s leaders in solving the problems of implementing economic and political reforms The author of the article describes the methods used by the leaders of the Celestial Empire to modernise the country to improve the wellbeing of the population and build “socialism with Chinese characteristic” The article provides a brief description of the achievements and failures in the process of leading the country by Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao.

scholarly journals El Pragmatismo en la CSS de China: integración del genio histórico y elementos modernos

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Fang Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Xi Jinping

Durante los últimos setenta años, China ha sido una estrella fulgurante en el campo de la cooperación internacional. El factor principal que contribuyó al ascenso exitoso del gigante asiático es el pragmatismo reflejado en sus estrategias de Cooperación Sur- Sur (CSS). El desarrollo de las estrategias tiene tres fases- el período de Mao Zedong (1949-1976), la época y la post-época de Deng Xiaoping (1978-2012) y la nueva etapa de Xi Jinping (desde 2013)- y en cada una observan reformas dirigidas, en vez de por las ideologías, por los intereses del Estado en diferentes contextos internacionales. Consecuentemente, el progreso de la CSS de China cambió la estructura política internacional, y ofreció experiencias y lecciones útiles para otros países en desarrollo. El presente trabajo va a analizar desde el vínculo de continuidad del pragmatismo las estrategias de la CSS de China a lo largo de las tres fases, y durante un período de tiempo que va desde la década de 1950 hasta la actualidad.

scholarly journals CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS MYANMAR: A ROLE MODEL IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 07-17
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zreik
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Chinese Foreign Policy ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
China’S Foreign Policy ◽  
Chinese Diplomacy

China has a large and professional diplomatic team spread all over the world. Chinese diplomacy mainly relies on soft power in its relations with international partners. Despite the unified outlines, Chinese foreign policy differs from one country to another, depending on the geographical location, the political system and the volume of trade exchange. Chinese foreign policy has gone through many stages, most notably the period of Mao Zedong who strictly applied the rules of socialism, and the period of Deng Xiaoping, known for its reform and openness policy, thus establishing a modern and more flexible Chinese system. President Xi Jinping's term is an extension of Deng Xiaoping's rule of thumb, but with more openness to international partners and economic expansion, especially with the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013. This paper deals with China's foreign policy towards Myanmar, and refers to the development of bilateral relations and China's interest in a distinguished relationship with Myanmar. The research indicates the strategic factors that make China interested in developing the relationship with Myanmar.

Politically-Engaged Intellectuals in the 1990s

1999 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 700-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merle Goldman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Jiang Zemin ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Economic Modernization ◽  
Mao Era

Although dissident intellectuals and students continued to be persecuted in the post-Mao Zedong regimes of Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin, China's intellectuals were no longer denigrated as a class, harassed, suppressed, imprisoned and persecuted to death as they had been during the Mao era. Like the 19th-century self-strengtheners, Deng and his appointed successors regarded intellectuals as essential to achieve their goal of economic modernization and make China once again “rich and powerful.” Those intellectuals involved in the sciences, technology and economics in particular enjoyed elite status as advisers to the government, similar to that which intellectuals had enjoyed throughout most of Chinese history until the 1949 revolution.

The New Officer Corps: Implications for the Future

1996 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 315-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Teufel Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Deng Xiaoping ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
General Staff ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
The Future ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
The Military

In early 1975, in a speech to the cadres of the headquarters of the General Staff Department of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), Deng Xiaoping delivered his blueprint for the military of the future. The radical restructuring of the military and its officer corps that it entailed was purportedly proposed by Mao Zedong himself. However, the fact that the speech was not made public until 1983, allegedly because it had been suppressed by the Gang of Four, makes it more likely that the architect of the reorganization, with its far-reaching implications for the PLA's officer corps, was Deng himself. Two decades later, at the close of the Deng era, it is important to examine the thrust of this document in assessing trends for the officer corps of the future.

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