Policy, Process, People and Public Data

ABSTRACT Understanding policy process involves many distinctive approaches. The most common are institutional, groups or networks, exogenous factors, rational actors, and idea-based approach. This paper discussed the idea-based approach to explain policy process, in this case policy change. It aims to analyse how ideas could assist people to understand policy change. What role do they play and why are they considered as fundamental element? It considers that ideas are belong to every policy actor, whether it is individual or institution. In order to answer these questions, this paper adopts Kingdon’s multi streams approach to analyse academic literatures. Through this approach, the relationship between ideas and policy change can be seen clearer. Ideas only can affect in policy change if it is agreed and accepted by policy makers. Therefore the receptivity of ideas plays significant role and it emerges policy entrepreneurs. They promote ideas (through problem framing, timing, and narrative construction) and manipulate in order to ensure the receptivity of ideas. Although policy entrepreneurs play significant role, political aspects remains the most important element in the policy process. Keywords: policy change, ideas, idea-based approach, Kingdon’s multiple streams, policy entrepreneurs.

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Dammed If You Don’t, But What If You Do? Breaching the Lower Snake River Dams in Washington State

Case Studies in the Environment ◽

10.1525/cse.2019.sc.1036402 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Elizabeth C. Lopardo ◽

Clare M. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Policy Process ◽

Food Source ◽

Washington State ◽

Federal Agencies ◽

Snake River ◽

Environmental Groups ◽

Steep Decline ◽

Mitigation Techniques ◽

Economic Analyses

Four dams on the lower Snake River in Washington State generate hydropower and allow for regional agriculture and barge shipping to Portland OR. However, the dams impede the migration of local salmon populations (Oncorhynchus spp.), which are in steep decline, and drastically impact the populations of salmon and orca whales, for whom salmon are a primary food source. For years, environmental groups have argued for breaching the dams; other interests counter that the dams are too critical to the economy of the region to lose; and federal agencies assert that the dams can remain and salmon populations will recover with mitigation techniques. Scientific and economic analyses, litigation, and elected officials’ efforts have not been able to move the issue towards a solution. Readers will examine the interests of primary actors in the issue, how they influence the policy process, the role of scientific and economic analyses, and possible approaches for resolving the issue.

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Why Adjudicate?

10.23943/princeton/9780691152752.001.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Christina L. Davis

Keyword(s):

Policy Process ◽

Steel Industry ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

Domestic Politics ◽

The United States ◽

Trade Disputes ◽

Checks And Balances ◽

Wto Dispute Settlement ◽

Chinese Intellectual ◽

Trade War

The World Trade Organization (WTO) oversees the negotiation and enforcement of formal rules governing international trade. Why do countries choose to adjudicate their trade disputes in the WTO rather than settling their differences on their own? This book investigates the domestic politics behind the filing of WTO complaints and reveals why formal dispute settlement creates better outcomes for governments and their citizens. It demonstrates that industry lobbying, legislative demands, and international politics influence which countries and cases appear before the WTO. Democratic checks and balances bias the trade policy process toward public lawsuits and away from informal settlements. Trade officials use legal complaints to manage domestic politics and defend trade interests. WTO dispute settlement enables states and domestic groups to signal resolve more effectively, thereby enhancing the information available to policymakers and reducing the risk of a trade war. The book establishes this argument with data on trade disputes and landmark cases, including the Boeing-Airbus controversy over aircraft subsidies, disagreement over Chinese intellectual property rights, and Japan's repeated challenges of U.S. steel industry protection. The book explains why the United States gains better outcomes for cases taken to formal dispute settlement than for those negotiated. Case studies of Peru and Vietnam show that legal action can also benefit developing countries.

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IMPROVEMENT OF MONITORING METHOD FOR SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF VACANT HOUSES USING MUNICIPAL PUBLIC DATA

Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) ◽

10.3130/aija.84.2165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 84 (764) ◽

pp. 2165-2174

Author(s):

Yuki AKIYAMA ◽

Akihiro UEDA ◽

Kenta OUCHI ◽

Natsuki ITO ◽

Yoshiya ONO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Public Data

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Weiterentwicklung der «Waldpolitik 2020» aus Sicht der Schweizer Waldstakeholder

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2016.0221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 167 (4) ◽

pp. 221-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Astrid Zabel ◽

Eva Lieberherr

Keyword(s):

Policy Process ◽

Online Survey ◽

Development Process ◽

Sustainable Forest Management ◽

Forest Policy ◽

Legislative Process ◽

Expert Interviews ◽

The Past ◽

Conflicting Interests ◽

Forest Act

Advancement of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 from stakeholders' perspectives In light of the ending of the Swiss “ Forest Policy 2020”, this article assesses the goals, challenges and concerns of Swiss forest stakeholders in relation to forest policy post 2020. The data were collected through expert interviews and an online survey. The results show that securing an economically sustainable forest management and economically viable silvicultural businesses are key concerns for many stakeholders. Apart from these issues, several further and sometimes conflicting interests were mentioned. The study concludes that a debate on an adjustment of the weights given to goals in the Swiss Forest Policy 2020 may be commendable. However, there does not appear to be need for a complete change of course in order to address the stakeholders' needs and concerns. In terms of policy process, most stakeholders positively evaluated the past planning and development process of the Swiss Forest Policy 2020, but also provided suggestions for improvements. Finally, a network analysis revealed that the Swiss Federal Agency for the Environment, the Swiss Forest Owners Association and the Conference of Cantonal Foresters played a central role in the amendment of the Swiss Federal Forest Act. The analysis also showed that more stakeholders find each other as important than actually work together in a legislative process.

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Pembangunan Web Service Data Masyarakat Menggunakan REST API dengan Access Token

Jurnal ULTIMA Computing ◽

10.31937/sk.v10i1.838 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Iqbal Perkasa ◽

Eko Budi Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Web Service ◽

Job Search ◽

Population Data ◽

The Public ◽

Public Data ◽

Community Data ◽

The Government ◽

Rest Api ◽

Service Application ◽

Service Data

Data is one of the most important things in this information and information technology era that evolving now. Currently, the government still has not used the public data maximally for administrative purposes. Utilization of this big population data is the creation of a web service application system with REST API where this data will be open and accessible to those who have access. One of the institutions that use this service is the Manpower and Transmigration Service where this system can make the Dinas staff more efficient to create and register job search cards using available community data. This application is able to provide and facilitate many parties, such as data administrators to monitor data usage, registration employee in input data, and people able to register independently. Index Terms—Web service, API, Rest api, People data

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Should Public Health and Policy Communities Interact With the Food Industry? It Depends on Context Comment on "Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool"

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2020.176 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine Cullerton ◽

Jean Adams ◽

Martin White

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Conflict Of Interest ◽

Policy Process ◽

Food Industry ◽

Nutrition Policy ◽

World Health ◽

Business Goals ◽

Health Organization ◽

Intractable Problem ◽

Policy Communities

The issue of public health and policy communities engaging with food sector companies has long caused tension and debate. Ralston and colleagues’ article ‘Towards Preventing and Managing Conflict of Interest in Nutrition Policy? An Analysis of Submissions to a Consultation on a Draft WHO Tool’ further examines this issue. They found widespread food industry opposition, not just to the details of the World Health Organization (WHO) tool, but to the very idea of it. In this commentary we reflect on this finding and the arguments for and against interacting with the food industry during different stages of the policy process. While involving the food industry in certain aspects of the policy process without favouring their business goals may seem like an intractable problem, we believe there are opportunities for progress that do not compromise our values as public health professionals. We suggest three key steps to making progress.

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