Equilibrium Reactions

2017 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Philipp O. J. Scherer ◽  
Sighart F. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Reactions

Angular distributions in pre-equilibrium reactions

1983 ◽  
Vol 313 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chatterjee ◽  
S. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions

Study of thermodynamic factors for equilibrium reactions involved in steam reforming of natural gas

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 374-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Urrejola ◽  
A. Sanchez ◽  
A. Cancela ◽  
R. Maceiras ◽  
V. Del Val
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Steam Reforming ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Thermodynamic Factors

Production cross-section calculations of 111In via proton and alpha-induced nuclear reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
H. Özdoğan ◽  
İsmail Hakki Sarpün ◽  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Weighting Matrix ◽  
Nuclear Models ◽  
Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Gamma Emitter

[Formula: see text], a known gamma emitter, is used for many medical purposes such as imaging of myocardial metastases. It can be produced by using different nuclear reactions. In this study, the reactions of [Formula: see text]Ag([Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]3n)[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]4n)[Formula: see text], which are the production routes of [Formula: see text], were investigated. Production cross-section calculations were performed by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium models of TALYS 1.95 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Hauser–Feshbach Model was appointed in both codes for calculations of equilibrium approximations. Exciton and Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) models were used in the EMPIRE 3.2, whereas Two-Component Exciton and Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model, which is implemented to TALYS code, has been used in the TALYS 1.95 for pre-equilibrium reactions. Also, a weighting matrix of the nuclear models was obtained by using statistical variance analysis. The optimum beam energy to obtain [Formula: see text] has been determined by using the results obtained from this weighting matrix.

Correlation Between Reduced Mass and Gibbs Energy Change of Reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Gibbs Energy ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Energy Change ◽  
Gibbs Energy Change ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Dissociation Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Bond Formation Reactions

<p>The correlation between the Gibbs free energy change of reaction and the reduced mass was clarified. In the case of bond formation reactions, the computed Gibbs energy change of reaction increased in the positive direction as the reduced mass increased. In the case of dissociation equilibrium reactions, such as the dissociation of tetrahedral carbonyl addition compound, the computed Gibbs energy change of reaction also increased in the positive direction as the reducing mass increased, but the extent of the change was smaller than in the case of bond formation reactions. The results were in good agreement with those derived from the relationship between yield and reduced mass, indicating that was originated from the correlation between the Gibbs energy change and the reduced mass.</p>

Honeybee flight muscle phosphoglucose isomerase: matching enzyme capacities to flux requirements at a near-equilibrium reaction

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (8) ◽  
pp. 1247-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Staples ◽  
R Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Flight Muscle ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Glycolytic Flux ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Low Ionic Strength

In honeybee flight muscle, there are close matches between physiological flux rates and the maximal activities (Vmax; determined using crude homogenates) of key enzymes catalyzing non-equilibrium reactions in carbohydrate oxidation. In contrast, phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), which catalyzes a reaction believed to be close to equilibrium, occurs at Vmax values greatly in excess of glycolytic flux rates. In this study, we measure the Vmax of flight muscle PGI, the kinetic parameters of the purified enzyme, the apparent equilibrium constants for the reaction and the tissue concentrations of substrate and product. Using the Haldane equation, we estimate that the forward flux capacity (Vf) for PGI required to achieve physiological glycolytic flux rates is between 800 and 1070 units ml-1 cell water, approximately 45&shy;60 % of the empirically measured Vmax of 1770 units ml-1 cell water at optimal pH (8.0) and low ionic strength (no added KCl). When measured at physiological pH (7.0) and ionic strength (120 mmol l-1 KCl) with saturating levels of substrate, PGI activity is 1130 units ml-1 cell water, a value close to the calculated Vf. These results reveal a very close match between predicted and measured PGI flux capacities, and support the concept of an economical design of muscle metabolism in systems working at very high metabolic rates.

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