Effects of Feeding Levels and Body Weight Loading on Muscle Size and Visceral Organ Sizes in Rats

1994 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
Kaoru Tachiyashiki ◽  
Kazuhiko Imaizumi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Sizes ◽  
Weight Loading

Effect of rate of body weight gain of steers during the stocker phase. II. Visceral organ mass and body composition of growing-finishing beef cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 2355-2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Sharman ◽  
P. A. Lancaster ◽  
C. P. McMurphy ◽  
G. G. Mafi ◽  
J. D. Starkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Mass ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Effect of insulin on dexamethasone-induced ultrastructural changes in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Biologia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Qin ◽  
Rong Du ◽  
Yaqun Yang ◽  
Hongqiang Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
High Dose ◽  
High Dose Dexamethasone

AbstractGlucocorticoids help animals respond to stressors but excessive glucocorticoids cause muscle atrophy, while insulin can promote anabolism and growth. In order to compare the glucocorticoids-induced ultrastructural changes between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, and investigate the preventive effects of insulin on the changes, eighteen male chicks with similar initial weight were randomly divided into three groups. The two test groups were respectively treated with high-dose dexamethasone alone or together with low-dose insulin by intraperitoneal injection, and the control group was treated with an equal volume of saline solution. The experiment lasted for ten days, and then the body weight, muscle size and ultrastructure in skeletal and cardiac muscles of twelve chicks were qualitatively or quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that high-dose dexamethasone induced obvious skeletal and cardiac muscle atrophy. The differences of ultrastructural changes between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle (such as for the former or the latter, the intermyofibrillar-and-interfilamentary spaces reducing or enlarging, the mitochondria swelling seriously or enlarging lightly, the myofibril filaments compacting or loosing) suggested that dexamethasone induced skeletal and cardiac muscle atrophy by different mechanisms. Low-dose insulin did not affect the dexamethasone-induced decreases of body weight and skeletal muscle size, but alleviated lightly the dexamethasone-induced ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle. Different from skeletal muscle, low-dose insulin almost resisted the dexamethasone-induced ultrastructural changes in cardiac muscle.

Effects of dietary levels of oxytetracycline on the growth and organ weights of guinea fowl (Numida meleagris)

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Author(s):  
Tunde Oguntona
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Treatment Effects ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Organ Weights ◽  
Numida Meleagris ◽  
Male Reproductive Organs ◽  
Different Levels

summaryGrowth and visceral organ weights of male guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) given different levels of oxytetracycline have been studied in two experiments. In the first experiment 0, 5·0, 10·0, 15·0 and 20·0 mg oxytetracycline per kg diet were given to male guinea fowl from day 1 to 12 weeks. Body weight showed significant (P < 0·05) increases with incremental levels of the antibiotic up to 10 mg/kg diet. No further increases in growth were recorded with supplementation above this level. There were no treatment effects on the gizzard, lungs and male reproductive organs. Only the heart, liver and intestine weights were significantly (P < 0·05) affected by the treatment, and then only at the highest (20 mg/kg) of the inclusion rates examined. A second experiment was conducted to find out if the growth response obtained with 10 mg/kg oxytetracycline could be produced with a smaller dose. This was achieved at 6·6 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Effect of posture and body weight loading on spinal posterior root reflex responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Megía‐García ◽  
Diego Serrano‐Muñoz ◽  
Natalia Comino‐Suárez ◽  
Antonio J. del‐Ama ◽  
Juan C. Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Posterior Root ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Weight Loading

scholarly journals The influence of dietary fibre on body composition, visceral organ weight, digestibility and energy balance in rats housed in different thermal environments

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinquan Zhao ◽  
Henry Jørgensen ◽  
Bjørn O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
High Fibre Diet ◽  
Thermal Environments ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Daily Gain

The present study was undertaken to provide detailed information on the effect of dietary fibre (DF) level on body composition, visceral organ weight, nutrient digestibility and on energy and protein metabolism of rats housed in cold (16°), warm (24°) or hot (32°) thermal environments. High- or low-fibre diets (257 v. 56 g DF/kg dry matter (DM)) were studied in a 6-week balance experiment (initial body weight about 100 g). Heat production was measured using open-air circuit respiration chambers. Pea fibre and pectin were used to adjust the DF level in the high-fibre diet. The ranking order of daily gain of rats kept in different environments was: 24°>16°>32°, while the ranking order for carcass protein was: 16°>24°>32°. Rats on the high-DF diet had a lower daily gain than those on the low DF diet, and more protein in DM of empty body weight (EBW) and less fat. The relative weights (g/kg EBW) of liver, heart and kidney decreased when increasing the environmental temperature. The relative weight of the heart was highest in rats on the high DF level, while liver and kidney weights were unaffected by DF. Per kg EBW, the stomach, small intestine, caecum and colon and the length of colon were significantly greater in rats consuming the high-fibre diet compared with those on the low-fibre diet. Rats kept at low temperature had a significantly heavier gastrointestinal (GI) tract than those kept at the highest temperature. Digestibility of protein, DM and energy was lowest for rats fed on the high-fibre diet. Heat production (HP) of fed rats as well as fasting HP decreased significantly as environmental temperature increased. HP as a proportion of metabolizable energy (ME) was significantly lower for rats at 24° compared with the other environmental temperatures. The proportion of energy retained as protein was slightly higher in rats fed on the high-fibre than on the low-fibre diet. Based on the results of the present study the authors measured a net energy value of 5·4 kJ/g DF fermented; approximately 50% of the DF came from peas. Possible implications of the present findings are discussed.

Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 721-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. B. Andrade ◽  
C. J. Härter ◽  
M. Gindri ◽  
K. T. Resende ◽  
I. A. M. A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Over Time

AbstractVisceral organs play an important role in animals' energy requirements, so their growth must be well understood. The objective of the current study was to fit and compare growth curves that best describe body and visceral organ growth over time in Saanen goats of different sexes. Data were synthesized from seven studies in which curves were fitted to visceral organ growth over time for female, intact male and castrated male Saanen goats from 5 to 45 kg body weight. The liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen–reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) data were fitted to eight models: simple linear regression, quadratic, monomolecular, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz and Richards. The best-fit model was chosen based on the corrected Akaike information criterion and the concordance correlation coefficient. Model parameters for each sex were compared. Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic model. Sex did not influence the parameters that predicted organ growth (g), except for MAT, where females presented a lower tissue deposition rate and greater inflection point than males. Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of the growth curve, the liver accounted for 28 ± 1.1 g/kg of empty body weight, and the inflection point occurred at 1.7 months. The rumen–reticulum and large intestine presented higher growth rates in the first 2 months of life. Knowledge of the visceral organ growth curve is useful in improving the understanding of the effect of nutritional requirements for goats and must be used to optimize the nutritional plans.

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