Visceral organ growth patterns in Saanen goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 721-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. B. Andrade ◽  
C. J. Härter ◽  
M. Gindri ◽  
K. T. Resende ◽  
I. A. M. A. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Visceral Organ ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Over Time

AbstractVisceral organs play an important role in animals' energy requirements, so their growth must be well understood. The objective of the current study was to fit and compare growth curves that best describe body and visceral organ growth over time in Saanen goats of different sexes. Data were synthesized from seven studies in which curves were fitted to visceral organ growth over time for female, intact male and castrated male Saanen goats from 5 to 45 kg body weight. The liver, pancreas, spleen, rumen–reticulum, omasum, abomasum, small intestine, large intestine and mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) data were fitted to eight models: simple linear regression, quadratic, monomolecular, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, logistic, Gompertz and Richards. The best-fit model was chosen based on the corrected Akaike information criterion and the concordance correlation coefficient. Model parameters for each sex were compared. Overall, the model that best described visceral organ growth was the logistic model. Sex did not influence the parameters that predicted organ growth (g), except for MAT, where females presented a lower tissue deposition rate and greater inflection point than males. Irrespective of sex, at the beginning of the growth curve, the liver accounted for 28 ± 1.1 g/kg of empty body weight, and the inflection point occurred at 1.7 months. The rumen–reticulum and large intestine presented higher growth rates in the first 2 months of life. Knowledge of the visceral organ growth curve is useful in improving the understanding of the effect of nutritional requirements for goats and must be used to optimize the nutritional plans.

scholarly journals Growth curve analysis for body weight and dry matter intake in Friesian, Limousin x Friesian and Piemontese x Friesian cattle

2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Akbaş ◽  
A. Alçiçek ◽  
A. Önenç ◽  
M. Güngör
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Integration Constant ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Mature Weight

Abstract. In this study, body weight and dry matter intake from birth to 460 days of age of Friesian (F), Limousin x Friesian (LixF) and Piemontese x Limousin (PixF) cattle fed individually under intensive feeding system were analyzed. Growth curve parameters of body weight and dry matter intake were investigated by using Gompertz model. No significant differences between genotypes were found in growth curve parameters for dry matter intake while there was significant genotype effect on integration constant, absolute weight gain at birth, degree of maturity at birth and absolute body weight gain from birth to 6 months of age for body weight. Mean values of growth parameters for body weight in F, LixF and PixF were: mature weight 744, 801 and 743 kg; integration constant 2.97, 3.02 and 2.81; maturity rate per day 0.0045, 0.0042 and 0.0047; age at inflection point 245, 270 and 227 days; weight of inflection point 274, 295 and 273, respectively. Body weight at birth for F, LixF and PixF were 38.6, 44.4 and 49.1. Absolute body weight gain from birth to 6 months of age for F, LixF and PixF were 24.8, 21.9 and 25.3. PixF exhibited higher maturity rate and reaching mature weights younger than F and LixF. Mature weight for body weight had positive phenotypic correlations with mature weight parameter for dry matter intake whereas there was a negative phenotypic correlation between mature weight for body weight and maturity rate for dry matter intake in all genotypes. The result shows that increasing intake is a result of body weight increased. On the other hand feed intake rate decreased as body weight increased. Considering the development period, from birth to 6 months of age, there was significant difference between genotypes for absolute body weigh gain and absolute dry matter intake whereas these parameters did not differ significantly between 6 and 16 months.

scholarly journals Effect of previous nutrition on body composition and maintenance energy costs of growing lambs

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Ferrell ◽  
L. J. Koong ◽  
J. A. Nienaber
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Similar Weight ◽  
Free Body ◽  
Fasting Heat Production

1. Forty-eight intact male lambs (30 kg) were fed to gain 16 (H), 5 (M) or –6 (L) kg during a 42 d interval (period 1). Lambs from each of the H and M groups were fed to gain either 16 (HH, MH), 5 (HM, MM) or –6 (HL, ML) kg and lambs from the L group were fed to gain 27 (LS), 16 (LH) or 5 (LM) kg during the ensuing 42 d (period 2).2. Fasting heat production (FHP) of four lambs from each treatment was determined at the end of period 2.3. Weights and compositions of the carcass, offal and digesta-free body as well as weights of major internal organs were determined for four lambs of each treatment at the end of periods 1 and 2.4. Within groups of lambs of similar weight at the end of period 2, body composition was, in general, similar, but FHP was greater in lambs that had been on higher planes of nutrition during period 2.5. Within groups of lambs of similar weight, lambs that were fed at higher planes of nutrition during period 2 had greater weights or proportions of liver, small intestine, large intestine and stomach.6. Neither weight of the liver, kidney, stomach, small intestine, large intestine nor daily fasting heat production were constant functions of body-weight. Relations of these traits to body-weight changed with rate of gain.7. Regression analysis indicated that the feeding of lambs at higher planes of nutrition during period 1 resulted in higher maintenance requirements of those lambs during period 2.

Effects of sex, age and body weight on selected organs of indigenous Nigerian pigs: liver, kidney, heart, lung-and-trachea

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Essien ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Linear Form ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe absolute and relative growth of the liver, kidney, heart and lung-and-trachea were studied for 64 female, 64 castrated male and 64 intact male indigenous Nigerian pigs between birth and 672 days of age. Highly significant (P < 0·001) sex and age influences were obtained for the absolute and relative weights of the liver, kidney and heart. At 280 days of age, the four organs on average weighed 28 times their birth values; the terminal weights averaged 1·31 times their values at 280 days. Organ growth became stabilized after 280 days.The allometric equation: Y = aXb, transformed to its linear form log Y = log a + b log X, was employed to examine the relationship between organ weight and body weight. The growth coefficients 6 obtained ranged from 0·787 for kidney to 0·850 for lung-and-trachea and were similar to values reported in the literature. The accompanying highly significant R2 values strongly indicate that the functions of these organs are related to overall metabolism, which in turn is strongly dependent on body size.

Decreased Platelet-Free Dopamine and Unchanged Noradrenaline and Adrenaline in Essential Hypertension

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
S E Kjeldsen ◽  
K Gjesdal ◽  
P Leren ◽  
I K Eide
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Synthesis ◽  
Hypertensive Group ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine Concentrations ◽  
Noradrenaline And Adrenaline ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Normotensive Control

SummaryThe content of free-catecholamines in blood platelets is much higher than in plasma and platelet catecholamines must be taken up from plasma, since platelets lack the enzymes for catecholamine synthesis. There is some evidence that platelet catecholamine content under certain circumstances may be an integrated measure of plasma catecholamine concentrations over time. Platelet-free catecholamines were therefore assayed in 18 untreated patients with essential hypertension and in 16 normotensive control subjects. Mean platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group was 3.7 ± 0.4 pg/mg platelet weight, i.e. significantly less than the 6.5 ± 0.9 pg/mg found in the normotensive (p <0.005). Platelet contents of noradrenaline and adrenaline did not differ. Decreased platelet-free dopamine and unchanged platelet noradrenaline and adrenaline persisted after adjustment for increased body weight in the hypertensive group. Although the reasons for decreased platelet-free dopamine in the hypertensive group remain unknown, this finding may add to previous result showing facilitated release of granular contents from blood platelets in patients with essential hypertension. Our data do not support platelet levels of free-catecholamines to be a marker of increased sympathetic tone in essential hypertension.

scholarly journals 98 Impact of social mixing on feedlot steer eating and lying behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 63-64
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Jenny Jennings ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of mixing cattle from two sources of feedlot steers (n = 96) on feeding and lying behavior. Angus crossbred steers (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS), similar in genetic composition, were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to mixing where the two sources were housed without visual or tactile contact. Steers, blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight, were randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from McG (n = 3 pens) or BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Instantaneous scan sampling (n = 61 scans/d; 10 min intervals) recorded the number of steers per pen eating and lying on d1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 36, and 37 after mixing. Proportion of steers lying varied across time (P &lt; 0.0001); however, a greater proportion of steers laid down on d1 compared to d7, 8, 9, 16, and 28 (P &lt; 0.03). The proportion of steers observed eating increased over time (P &lt; 0.0001). Fewer steers ate on d1 than d9, 14, 15, 28, 29, and 36 (all P &lt; 0.01). More steers were observed eating on d8 and 16 than the first seven days (all P &lt; 0.01) and on d37 than the first 6 days (all P &lt; 0.02). While there was no impact of mixing, data indicate that handling and sorting cattle into new pens impacts eating and lying behavior and it takes approximately a week for behavior to stabilize.

scholarly journals 99 Impact of social mixing on feedlot steer eating and lying behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
Amanda J Hubbard ◽  
Jason Sawyer ◽  
Reinaldo F Cooke ◽  
Jenny Jennings ◽  
Courtney L Daigle
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Tactile Contact ◽  
Mixing Proportion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Abstract This study evaluated the impact of mixing cattle from two sources of feedlot steers (n = 96) on feeding and lying behavior. Angus crossbred steers (n = 48 McG and n = 48 BCS), similar in genetic composition, were transported (833.64 ± 85.29 km) to a feedlot 39-d prior to mixing where the two sources were housed without visual or tactile contact. Steers, blocked by source and stratified by d -34 body weight, were randomly assigned to one of 12 pens (n = 8 steers/pen) for the 42-d study. Pens were assigned to one of two treatments (n = 6 pens/treatment): 1) NOMIX—100% of cattle from McG (n = 3 pens) or BCS (n = 3 pens) and, 2) MIX—50% of cattle from BCS and 50% from McG (n = 6 pens). Instantaneous scan sampling (n = 61 scans/d; 10 min intervals) recorded the number of steers per pen eating and lying on d1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 36, and 37 after mixing. Proportion of steers lying varied across time (P &lt; 0.0001); however, a greater proportion of steers laid down on d1 compared to d7, 8, 9, 16, and 28 (P &lt; 0.03). The proportion of steers observed eating increased over time (P &lt; 0.0001). Fewer steers ate on d1 than d9, 14, 15, 28, 29, and 36 (all P &lt; 0.01). More steers were observed eating on d8 and 16 than the first seven days (all P &lt; 0.01) and on d37 than the first 6 days (all P &lt; 0.02). While there was no impact of mixing, data indicate that handling and sorting cattle into new pens impacts eating and lying behavior and it takes approximately a week for behavior to stabilize.

Nutritional Status of Patients Undergoing Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitte Heide ◽  
Andreas Pierratos ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Jean Pettit ◽  
Raymond Ogilvie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Body Potassium ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Over Time

Nutritional follow-up of 20 CAPD patients for 18–24 months showed a decrease in total body nitrogen, increase in total body potassium and body weight, and a decrease in protein intake over time. There was no correlation between changes in TBN and the biochemical parameters measured. Serial dietetic assessments and measurements of total body nitrogen as well as adherence to an adequate protein intake will assist in the prevention of malnutrition in CAPD patients.

On the Nature of Hereditary Size Limitation

1929 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-324
Author(s):  
R. CUMMING ROBB
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Physical Significance ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Submaxillary Glands ◽  
Size Limitation ◽  
Similar Association ◽  
Total Body

1. Throughout post-natal life the relative weights of the pituitary body, thyroid, thymus and adrenals in the rabbit may be expressed by the equation y = axk + c. 2. A similar association is indicated in the rat for the weights of eyeballs, liver, pancreas, hypophysis, thyroid, adrenals, submaxillary glands, kidney and fresh skeleton (data from Donaldson, 1924). 3. In giant and pigmy rabbits, the ultimate proportions of body parts are not the same, but (for any given body weight) corresponding tissues in the two groups tend to exhibit an identical relation to total body mass. 4. The adrenals and testes of the Polish rabbits are relatively much larger than those of the Flemish. But in each case the growth of the adrenal approximates to a constant power function of body weight. Moreover, in these two groups and in their hybrids, the growth of the testes adheres to a simple association with adrenal weight identical for each. 5. These data suggest the generalisation that in a growing organism the magnitude of any part tends to be a specific function of the total body mass or of some portion so related to the whole. 6. These associations may be explained by surmising that each tissue is in equilibrium with the internal milieu with regard to the distribution of nutrient growth essentials; that in each case the equilibrium point would be determined by the nature of the cell and after differentiation would tend to remain constant; and that the relative enlargement of each tissue is limited by the excess of the equilibrium value over the katabolic expenditure. 7. According to the above hypothesis of organ growth, the equation y = axk + c may possess a physical significance. Eight types of growth relationships may thus exist, differing because of the apparent inactivity of one or more constants in this equation.

The Production of Fatty Acids in the Alimentary Tract of the Dog

1947 ◽  
Vol 23 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 346-349
Author(s):  
A. T. PHILLIPSON
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Alimentary Tract ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Propionic Acid Bacteria ◽  
The Individual

The significance of fermentation in the large gut of the dog has been investigated. According to the quantities of volatile acids and their relation to body weight, the lower fatty acids do not appear to contribute more than a small portion of the energy requirements of the animal. Evidence is presented to show that the individual acids produced in the large intestine consist largely of acetic and propionic acids and that the amount of butyric present is small. This is the same mixture of acids found where fermentation occurs in the alimentary tract of ruminants, horses, pigs, rabbits and rats. The higher proportion of propionic acid is interesting and suggests that the propionic acid bacteria are normal inhabitants of the large intestine of the dog and possibly of a wide variety of animals.

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