Body weight and organ sizes in warmth-adapted and in cold-adapted, hibernating golden hamsters

1969 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Smit-Vis ◽  
G. J. Smit
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Organ Sizes

Olfactory bulbectomy counteracts inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. R1891-R1895
Author(s):  
D. R. Pieper ◽  
C. A. Lobocki ◽  
K. H. Karo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Olfactory Bulbs ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Testicular Regression ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Ad Libitum

Previous studies have shown that bilateral removal of the olfactory bulbs (BX) results in a large increase in gonadotropin secretion in golden hamsters. The principal question addressed by the present study was whether BX would offset the inhibitory effect of food restriction on reproductive function. BX or sham (SH) BX male golden hamsters were fed ad libitum or were restricted to only enough food to maintain them at 70% of the body weight of control groups fed ad libitum. The SH-70% group underwent marked testicular regression after approximately 6-8 wk, but the testes size of the BX-70% hamsters decreased only in proportion to the decrease in body weight. The BX food-restricted group had to be fed more food to maintain the same weight as the SH-70% hamsters, and the BX-70% group also had a higher core body temperature, lower percent body fat, and higher serum free thyroxine levels than SH food-restricted animals. In summary, removal of the olfactory bulbs appears to facilitate tonic gonadotropin secretion, such that food restriction is no longer capable of inducing testicular regression. In addition, the olfactory bulbs may have a strong influence on metabolic function in golden hamsters.

Differential Effect of Alcohol on Aggressive Behavior in Dominant and Subordinate Hamsters

1985 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L. Walker ◽  
Estelle H. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Dominance Status ◽  
Fighting Behavior ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Male Golden Hamsters

Pairs of male golden hamsters were tested to see whether alcohol differentially affected the aggressive behavior of the hamsters depending upon dominance status. 14 pairs of singly-caged hamsters were used. Dominance relationships were established between pairs of hamsters and the hamster pairs were then divided into two groups, one in which previous winners received alcohol and a second in which previous losers received alcohol. Hamsters were injected with either 2 gm alcohol/kg body weight or normal saline, and pairs were then tested in an arena for 3 min. or until one animal lost an encounter. When previous winners received alcohol fighting behavior decreased, but when previous losers received alcohol fighting was essentially the same as in the saline control condition.

Electron Microscopic study of the parathyroid gland of the melatonin-treated hamster

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
Shizuko Shoumura ◽  
Shoichi Emura ◽  
Tomo Yamahira ◽  
Tomoo Kawada ◽  
Hiroshi Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Parathyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Body

Some studies have dealt with the relationship between the pineal gland and the parathyroid gland (PTG) Morphological changes suggest that the pineal gland may inhibit or stimulate the PTG. There are a few light microscopic studies on the effects of pineal extract on the PTG. However, there is no study on the effects of melatonin on the ultrastructure of the PTG. We investigated ultrastructural changes in the PTG of golden hamsters after administration of melatonin.Materials and methods. Three-month-old female golden hamsters with an average body weight of 130 g were divided into 5 groups of 5 animals each. One group was given 0.2.ml of distilled water as controls. The remaining groups were given 0.2 ml of melatonin solution at a dose of 0.8 mg/100 g body weight. The PTG of each group was removed under pentobarbital anesthesia at 1, 5, 24 and 48 hours after injection. The PTG was immersed in a mixture of 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2% OsO4, dehydrated through acetone and embedded in Epon 812.

Adaptive changes in cats after long-term exposure to various temperatures

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1008-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hensel ◽  
M. Banet
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Nonshivering Thermogenesis ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Resting Metabolism ◽  
Artificial Illumination ◽  
Tissue Insulation

Two groups of cats were exposed to 5 and 30 degrees C, respectively for 24 mo in climatic chambers under artificial illumination. Then the ambient temperatures were reversed for both groups for another 36 mo. The group adapted to cold for 36 mo showed an increase in fur growth (+35%), an increase in resting metabolism (+20%), and a shift in threshold of the cold-induced metabolic response to 8 degrees C lower ambient temperatures. Norepinephrine (0.4 mg . kg-1) elicited nonshivering thermogenesis (+37%) in the cold-adapted animals but was ineffective in the warm-adapted ones. Fur insulation at thermoneutrality was 55% higher in the cold-adapted cats. During acute exposure to -5 degrees C, tissue insulation decreased in both groups; fur insulation increased by 34% in the warm-adapted cats but remained nearly constant in the cold-adapted animals. At all ambient temperatures cold-adapted cats had higher (+0.4 degrees C) rectal temperatures. Body weight was not significantly different in both groups, although the cats living in the cold had a 45% higher metabolism. This was compensated by an increased food consumption.

Marked elevation of HDL-cholesterol in cold-adapted golden hamsters

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
R. Sicart ◽  
R. Sablé-Amplis ◽  
E. Bluthé
Keyword(s):  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Marked Elevation ◽  
Golden Hamsters

scholarly journals Cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine completely protects human ACE2 transgenic mice from SARS-CoV-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Heui Seo ◽  
Yunyueng Jang
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Humoral And Cellular Immunity ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
The One

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 16,000,000 people and has caused the death of more than 650,000 individuals since December 2019. A safe and effective vaccine that can provide herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed to stop the spread of this virus among humans. Many human viral vaccines are live attenuated forms of viruses that elicit humoral and cellular immunity. Here, we describe the development of a cold-adapted live attenuated vaccine (SARS-CoV-2/human/Korea/CNUHV03-CA22°C/2020) by gradually adapting the growth of SARS-CoV-2 from 37°C to 22°C in Vero cells. This vaccine can be potentially administered to humans through nasal spray. Its single dose was observed to strongly induce the neutralising antibody (>640), cellular immunity, and mucosal IgA antibody in intranasally immunised K18-hACE2 mice, which are very susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV infection. The one-dose vaccinated mice were completely protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection and did not show loss of body weight, death, and the presence of virus in tissues, such as the nasal turbinates, brain, lungs, and kidneys. Taken together, the cold-adapted live attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine developed by us may contribute to saving of human lives from the threat of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of intranasal nafamostat or camostat for SARS-CoV-2 chemoprophylaxis in Syrian golden hamsters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Neary ◽  
Helen Box ◽  
Joanne Sharp ◽  
Lee Tatham ◽  
Paul Curley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters

Successful development of a chemoprophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 could provide a tool for infection prevention implementable alongside vaccination programmes. Camostat and nafamostat are serine protease inhibitors that inhibit SARS-CoV-2 viral entry in vitro but have not been characterised for chemoprophylaxis in animal models. Clinically, nafamostat is limited to intravenous delivery and while camostat is orally available, both drugs have extremely short plasma half-lives. This study sought to determine whether intranasal dosing at 5 mg/kg twice daily was able to prevent airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from infected to uninfected Syrian golden hamsters. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was above the limits of quantification in both saline- and camostat-treated hamsters 5 days after cohabitation with a SARS-CoV-2 inoculated hamster. However, intranasal nafamostat-treated hamsters remained RNA negative for the full 7 days of cohabitation. Changes in body weight over the course of the experiment were supportive of a lack of clinical symptomology in nafamostat-treated but not saline- or camostat-treated animals. These data are strongly supportive of the utility of intranasally delivered nafamostat for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection and further studies are underway to confirm absence of pulmonary infection and pathological changes.

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