Role of IGF-1 in Age-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Function

2010 ◽  
pp. 393-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris D. McMahon ◽  
Thea Shavlakadze ◽  
Miranda D. Grounds
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Recent advances and future avenues in understanding the role of adipose tissue cross talk in mediating skeletal muscle mass and function with ageing

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilhelmsen ◽  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Simon W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

AbstractSarcopenia, broadly defined as the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased likelihood of adverse health outcomes. The regulation of skeletal muscle mass with ageing is complex and necessitates a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. The secretion and transfer of cytokines, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), both discretely and within extracellular vesicles, have emerged as important communication channels between tissues. Some of these factors have been implicated in regulating skeletal muscle mass, function, and pathologies and may be perturbed by excessive adiposity. Indeed, adipose tissue participates in a broad spectrum of inter-organ communication and obesity promotes the accumulation of macrophages, cellular senescence, and the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Pertinently, age-related sarcopenia has been reported to be more prevalent in obesity; however, such effects are confounded by comorbidities and physical activity level. In this review, we provide evidence that adiposity may exacerbate age-related sarcopenia and outline some emerging concepts of adipose-skeletal muscle communication including the secretion and processing of novel myokines and adipokines and the role of extracellular vesicles in mediating inter-tissue cross talk via lncRNAs and miRNAs in the context of sarcopenia, ageing, and obesity. Further research using advances in proteomics, transcriptomics, and techniques to investigate extracellular vesicles, with an emphasis on translational, longitudinal human studies, is required to better understand the physiological significance of these factors, the impact of obesity upon them, and their potential as therapeutic targets in combating muscle wasting.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B.C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

scholarly journals An investigation of p53 in skeletal muscle aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Ebert ◽  
Jason M. Dierdorff ◽  
David K. Meyerholz ◽  
Steven A. Bullard ◽  
Asma Al-Zougbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a very common and serious condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the tumor suppressor p53 may play a central, causative role in skeletal muscle aging, whereas other, apparently contradictory lines of evidence have suggested that p53 may be critical for normal skeletal muscle function. To help address these issues, we performed an aging study in male muscle-specific p53-knockout mice (p53 mKO mice), which have a lifelong absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers. We found that the absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers had no apparent deleterious or beneficial effects on skeletal muscle mass or function under basal conditions up to 6 mo of age, when mice are fully grown and exhibit peak muscle mass and function. Furthermore, at 22 and 25 mo of age, when age-related muscle weakness and atrophy are clearly evident in mice, p53 mKO mice demonstrated no improvement or worsening of skeletal muscle mass or function relative to littermate control mice. At advanced ages, p53 mKO mice began to die prematurely and had an increased incidence of osteosarcoma, precluding analyses of muscle mass and function in very old p53 mKO mice. In light of these results, we conclude that p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers has minimal if any direct, cell autonomous effect on basal or age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and function up to at least 22 mo of age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies implicated the transcriptional regulator p53 as a potential mediator of age-related skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of aging in muscle-specific p53-knockout mice. Our results strongly suggest that p53 activity within skeletal muscle fibers is not required for age-related skeletal muscle atrophy or weakness.

Activation of the CRF 2 receptor modulates skeletal muscle mass under physiological and pathological conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. E889-E898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Hinkle ◽  
Elizabeth Donnelly ◽  
David B. Cody ◽  
Steven Samuelsson ◽  
Jana S. Lange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Selective Agonists ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time

Two receptors activated by the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides have been identified, the CRF 1 receptor (CRF1R) and the CRF 2 receptor (CRF2R). Of these, the CRF2R is expressed in skeletal muscle. To understand the role of the CRF2R in skeletal muscle, we utilized CRFR knockout mice and CRF2R-selective agonists to modulate nerve damage and corticosteroid- and disuse-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. These analyses demonstrated that activation of the CRF2R decreased nerve damage and corticosteroid- and disuse-induced skeletal muscle mass and function loss. In addition, selective activation of the CRF2R increased nonatrophy skeletal muscle mass. Thus we describe for the first time a novel activity of the CRF2R, modulation of skeletal muscle mass.

scholarly journals Association Between Fish Consumption and Muscle Mass and Function in Middle-Age and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Alhussain ◽  
Moodi Mathel ALshammari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, represents a crucial risk factor for disability and mortality. Increasing intake of some nutrients, particularly protein and omega-3 fatty acids seems to be a promising strategy to augment muscle mass and function.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of fish consumption on muscle mass and function among middle-age and older adults.Methods: Twenty-two adults aged 50–85 years participated in this study. Participants were asked to consume 150–170-g of fish for lunch twice a week for a 10-week period. During that period, participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity. Outcome measures included anthropometry, muscle mass, and muscle function. All these measures were assessed at baseline, week 5, and week 10. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze statistical significance.Results: Consuming fish twice a week for 10 weeks significantly increased the skeletal muscle mass and appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/h2) (p < 0.01). Handgrip strength and gait speed <0.8 m/s were also improved (p < 0.01) at week 10 compared with that at baseline.Discussion: Consuming fish seems to improve muscle mass and function and may slow sarcopenia progression in middle-age and older adults.

The role of attenuated redox and heat shock protein responses in the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne McArdle ◽  
Malcolm J. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Shock Proteins ◽  
And Function

The loss of muscle mass and weakness that accompanies ageing is a major contributor to physical frailty and loss of independence in older people. A failure of muscle to adapt to physiological stresses such as exercise is seen with ageing and disruption of redox regulated processes and stress responses are recognized to play important roles in theses deficits. The role of redox regulation in control of specific stress responses, including the generation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) by muscle appears to be particularly important and affected by ageing. Transgenic and knockout studies in experimental models in which redox and HSP responses were modified have demonstrated the importance of these processes in maintenance of muscle mass and function during ageing. New data also indicate the potential of these processes to interact with and influence ageing in other tissues. In particular the roles of redox signalling and HSPs in regulation of inflammatory pathways appears important in their impact on organismal ageing. This review will briefly indicate the importance of this area and demonstrate how an understanding of the manner in which redox and stress responses interact and how they may be controlled offers considerable promise as an approach to ameliorate the major functional consequences of ageing of skeletal muscle (and potentially other tissues) in man.

scholarly journals Exploring the Impact of Obesity on Skeletal Muscle Function in Older Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Morgan ◽  
Benoit Smeuninx ◽  
Leigh Breen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Sarcopenia is of important clinical relevance for loss of independence in older adults. The prevalence of obesity in combination with sarcopenia (“sarcopenic-obesity”) is increasing at a rapid rate. However, whilst the development of sarcopenia is understood to be multi-factorial and harmful to health, the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on skeletal muscle in aging, is poorly understood. Specifically, the presence of obesity in older age may be accompanied by a greater volume of skeletal muscle mass in weight-bearing muscles compared with lean older individuals, despite impaired physical function and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Collectively, these findings support a potential paradox in which obesity may protect skeletal muscle mass in older age. One explanation for these paradoxical findings may be that the anabolic response to weight-bearing activity could be greater in obese vs. lean older individuals due to a larger mechanical stimulus, compensating for the heightened muscle anabolic resistance. However, it is likely that there is a complex interplay between muscle, adipose, and external influences in the aging process that are ultimately harmful to health in the long-term. This narrative briefly explores some of the potential mechanisms regulating changes in skeletal muscle mass and function in aging combined with obesity and the interplay with sarcopenia, with a particular focus on muscle morphology and the regulation of muscle proteostasis. In addition, whilst highly complex, we attempt to provide an updated summary for the role of obesity from a protective and damaging perspective on muscle mass and function in older age. We conclude with a brief discussion on treatment of sarcopenia and obesity and a summary of future directions for this research field.

scholarly journals Association of Diet Quality with Low Muscle Mass-Function in Korean Elderly

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikyeong Jung ◽  
Saejong Park ◽  
Hyesook Kim ◽  
Oran Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Elderly Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
European Working ◽  
And Function ◽  
Korean Elderly

There is a growing body of evidence that links nutrition to muscle mass and function in the elderly, suggesting that it has an important role to play both in the prevention and management of age-related sarcopenia. Some nutrients have been studied, but less is known about the influence of overall diet quality on the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. This study investigated the interrelationship between the recommended food score (RFS), as an indicator of overall diet quality, and muscle mass function among the Korean elderly. The sample consisted of 521 participants (263 men and 258 women), aged >65 years, who participated in the 2014–2015 National Fitness Award project. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Low muscle mass was defined as having an ASM corrected for height lower than the cutoff value established by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Muscle function, assessed by handgrip strength (HGS), was defined as low if it was below the 20th percentile of elderly men and women. Low muscle mass-function, defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength (HGS), was found in 29 men (11.0%) and 22 women (8.5%). In elderly men, the low muscle mass-function group had significantly lower RFS values than the normal group after adjustments for age, body fat percentage, drinking, smoking, education, and physical activity (p = 0.019). However, there was no association between RFS and muscle mass-function in elderly women. Our findings suggest that better diet quality may be associated with higher muscle mass in elderly Korean men.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document