scholarly journals Association Between Fish Consumption and Muscle Mass and Function in Middle-Age and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Alhussain ◽  
Moodi Mathel ALshammari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, represents a crucial risk factor for disability and mortality. Increasing intake of some nutrients, particularly protein and omega-3 fatty acids seems to be a promising strategy to augment muscle mass and function.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of fish consumption on muscle mass and function among middle-age and older adults.Methods: Twenty-two adults aged 50–85 years participated in this study. Participants were asked to consume 150–170-g of fish for lunch twice a week for a 10-week period. During that period, participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity. Outcome measures included anthropometry, muscle mass, and muscle function. All these measures were assessed at baseline, week 5, and week 10. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze statistical significance.Results: Consuming fish twice a week for 10 weeks significantly increased the skeletal muscle mass and appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/h2) (p < 0.01). Handgrip strength and gait speed <0.8 m/s were also improved (p < 0.01) at week 10 compared with that at baseline.Discussion: Consuming fish seems to improve muscle mass and function and may slow sarcopenia progression in middle-age and older adults.

scholarly journals NEUROMUSCULAR CHANGES WITH AGING AND SARCOPENIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
B.C. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Past ◽  
Conceptual Definition ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

Sarcopenia was originally conceptualized as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Over the ensuing decades, the conceptual definition of sarcopenia has changed to represent a condition in older adults that is characterized by declining muscle mass and function, with “function” most commonly conceived as muscle weakness and/or impaired physical performance (e.g., slow gait speed). Findings over the past 15-years, however, have demonstrated that changes in grip and leg extensor strength are not primarily due to muscle atrophy per se, and that to a large extent, are reflective of declines in the integrity of the nervous system. This article briefly summarizes findings relating to the complex neuromuscular mechanisms that contribute to reductions in muscle function associated with advancing age, and the implications of these findings on the development of effective therapies.

Sarcopenia—definitions and epidemiology

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is a progressive and inevitable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing that places older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Up to of 15% of older adults suffer negative healthcare consequences because of sarcopenia. Furthermore, it is responsible for two to four times greater risk of disability. Expert groups have proposed clinical oriented criteria based on gait speed <0.8 m/s and low handgrip strength before performing muscle mass assessment. Multiple aetiologies are implicated in the development of sarcopenia including age-related, lifestyle, neurodegeneration, hormonal, and inflammation factors. Resistance exercise training and higher than recommended protein intake are two accessible means to counteract sarcopenia. Hormonal interventions, despite amelioration in muscle and fat masses, have not led to significant gains in function. Sarcopenia shares many features with frailty and can be considered as one of its underlying mechanisms.

Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Repair and Remodelling in Aging: The Importance of Muscle Stem Cells and Vascularization

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Joanisse ◽  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Bryon R. McKay ◽  
Gianni Parise
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Muscle

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Ultimately, sarcopenia results in the loss of independence, which imposes a large financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. A critical facet of sarcopenia is the diminished ability for aged muscle to regenerate, repair and remodel. Over the years, research has focused on elucidating underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia and the impaired ability of muscle to respond to stimuli with aging. Muscle-specific stem cells, termed satellite cells (SC), play an important role in maintaining muscle health throughout the lifespan. It is well established that SC are essential in skeletal muscle regeneration, and it has been hypothesized that a reduction and/or dysregulation of the SC pool, may contribute to accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass that is observed with advancing age. The preservation of skeletal muscle tissue and its ability to respond to stimuli may be impacted by reduced SC content and impaired function observed with aging. Aging is also associated with a reduction in capillarization of skeletal muscle. We have recently demonstrated that the distance between type II fibre-associated SC and capillaries is greater in older compared to younger adults. The greater distance between SC and capillaries in older adults may contribute to the dysregulation in SC activation ultimately impairing muscle's ability to remodel and, in extreme circumstances, regenerate. This viewpoint will highlight the importance of optimal SC activation in addition to skeletal muscle capillarization to maximize the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in older adults.

scholarly journals An investigation of p53 in skeletal muscle aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 1075-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Ebert ◽  
Jason M. Dierdorff ◽  
David K. Meyerholz ◽  
Steven A. Bullard ◽  
Asma Al-Zougbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Aging ◽  
And Function

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy is a very common and serious condition that remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Several lines of evidence have suggested that the tumor suppressor p53 may play a central, causative role in skeletal muscle aging, whereas other, apparently contradictory lines of evidence have suggested that p53 may be critical for normal skeletal muscle function. To help address these issues, we performed an aging study in male muscle-specific p53-knockout mice (p53 mKO mice), which have a lifelong absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers. We found that the absence of p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers had no apparent deleterious or beneficial effects on skeletal muscle mass or function under basal conditions up to 6 mo of age, when mice are fully grown and exhibit peak muscle mass and function. Furthermore, at 22 and 25 mo of age, when age-related muscle weakness and atrophy are clearly evident in mice, p53 mKO mice demonstrated no improvement or worsening of skeletal muscle mass or function relative to littermate control mice. At advanced ages, p53 mKO mice began to die prematurely and had an increased incidence of osteosarcoma, precluding analyses of muscle mass and function in very old p53 mKO mice. In light of these results, we conclude that p53 expression in skeletal muscle fibers has minimal if any direct, cell autonomous effect on basal or age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and function up to at least 22 mo of age. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Previous studies implicated the transcriptional regulator p53 as a potential mediator of age-related skeletal muscle weakness and atrophy. We tested this hypothesis by investigating the effect of aging in muscle-specific p53-knockout mice. Our results strongly suggest that p53 activity within skeletal muscle fibers is not required for age-related skeletal muscle atrophy or weakness.

scholarly journals Recent advances and future avenues in understanding the role of adipose tissue cross talk in mediating skeletal muscle mass and function with ageing

GeroScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilhelmsen ◽  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Simon W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

AbstractSarcopenia, broadly defined as the age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass, quality, and function, is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and an increased likelihood of adverse health outcomes. The regulation of skeletal muscle mass with ageing is complex and necessitates a delicate balance between muscle protein synthesis and degradation. The secretion and transfer of cytokines, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), both discretely and within extracellular vesicles, have emerged as important communication channels between tissues. Some of these factors have been implicated in regulating skeletal muscle mass, function, and pathologies and may be perturbed by excessive adiposity. Indeed, adipose tissue participates in a broad spectrum of inter-organ communication and obesity promotes the accumulation of macrophages, cellular senescence, and the production and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors. Pertinently, age-related sarcopenia has been reported to be more prevalent in obesity; however, such effects are confounded by comorbidities and physical activity level. In this review, we provide evidence that adiposity may exacerbate age-related sarcopenia and outline some emerging concepts of adipose-skeletal muscle communication including the secretion and processing of novel myokines and adipokines and the role of extracellular vesicles in mediating inter-tissue cross talk via lncRNAs and miRNAs in the context of sarcopenia, ageing, and obesity. Further research using advances in proteomics, transcriptomics, and techniques to investigate extracellular vesicles, with an emphasis on translational, longitudinal human studies, is required to better understand the physiological significance of these factors, the impact of obesity upon them, and their potential as therapeutic targets in combating muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Age Related

Sarcopenia was first described in 1988 as the age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass [...]

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