Sustainable Ecological Sanitation System

2012 ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Ma Wenlin ◽  
Liu Jianwei ◽  
Zhang Junzhi ◽  
Dai Shuiwen ◽  
Zhang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Sanitation

Ecological sanitation in Sri Lanka

Waterlines ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Varuna Rathnabharathie ◽  
Ganga Kariyawasam
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ecological Sanitation

Ecological sanitation a success in Sri Lanka

Waterlines ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calvert ◽  
Ajith Seneviratne ◽  
D.G.J. Premakumara ◽  
Udani Mendis
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Ecological Sanitation

scholarly journals Toward Zero Hunger Through Coupled Ecological Sanitation-Agriculture Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Ryals ◽  
Elena Bischak ◽  
Katherine K. Porterfield ◽  
Steven Heisey ◽  
Julie Jeliazovski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Organic Nutrient ◽  
Human Excreta ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Zero Hunger ◽  
Nutrient Resources

Ecological sanitation (EcoSan) systems capture and sanitize human excreta and generate organic nutrient resources that can support more sustainable nutrient management in agricultural ecosystems. An emerging EcoSan system that is implemented in Haiti and several other contexts globally couples container-based household toilets with aerobic, thermophilic composting. This closed loop sanitation system generates organic nutrient resources that can be used as part of an ecological approach to soil nutrient management and thus has the potential to contribute to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (zero hunger), 6 (clean water and sanitation for all), and 13 (climate change solutions). However, the role of organic nutrient resources derived from human excreta in food production is poorly studied. We conducted a greenhouse experiment comparing the impact of feces-derived compost on crop production, soil nutrient cycling, and nutrient losses with two amendments produced from wastewater treatment (pelletized biosolids and biofertilizer), urea, and an unfertilized control. Excreta-derived amendments increased crop yields 2.5 times more than urea, but had differing carry-over effects. After a one-time application of compost, crop production remained elevated throughout all six crop cycles. In contrast, the carry-over of crop response lasted two and four crop cycles for biosolids and biofertilizer, respectively, and was absent for urea. Soil carbon concentration in the compost amended soils increased linearly through time from 2.0 to 2.5%, an effect not seen with other treatments. Soil nitrous oxide emissions factors ranged from 0.3% (compost) to 4.6% (biosolids), while nitrogen leaching losses were lowest for biosolids and highest for urea. These results indicate that excreta-derived compost provides plant available nutrients, while improving soil health through the addition of soil organic carbon. It also improved biogeochemical functions, indicating the potential of excreta-derived compost to close nutrient loops if implemented at larger scales. If captured and safely treated through EcoSan, human feces produced in Haiti can meet up to 13, 22, and 11% of major crop needs of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively.

Freeze concentration for enrichment of nutrients in yellow water from no-mix toilets

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gulyas ◽  
P. Bruhn ◽  
M. Furmanska ◽  
K. Hartrampf ◽  
K. Kot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Falling Film ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Stirred Vessel ◽  
Multistage Processes ◽  
Freeze Concentration ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Water Transportation ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Water Constituents

Separately collected urine (“yellow water”) can be utilized as fertilizer. In order to decrease storage volumes and energy consumption for yellow water transport to fields, enrichment of nutrients in yellow water has to be considered. Laboratory-scale batch freeze concentration of yellow water has been tested in ice-front freezing apparatus: a stirred vessel and a falling film freeze concentrator (coolant temperatures: -6 to -16°C). With progressing enrichment of the liquid concentrate, the frozen ice was increasingly contaminated with yellow water constituents (ammonia, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, TOC, and salts determined as conductivity). The higher the initial salinity of the yellow water and the lower the mechanical agitation of the liquid phase contacting the growing ice front, the more the frozen ice was contaminated. The results indicate, that in ice-front freezing devices multistage processes are necessary, i.e. the melted ice phase has to be purified (and the concentrates must be further enriched) in a second or even in a third stage. Energy consumption of this process is very high. However, technical scale suspension freeze concentration is reasonable in centralized ecological sanitation schemes if the population exceeds 0.5 million and distance of yellow water transportation to fields is more than 80 km.

scholarly journals Ecological Sanitation and Sustainable Nutrient Recovery Education: Considering the Three Fixes for Environmental Problem-Solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3587
Author(s):  
Julian Junghanns ◽  
Thomas Beery
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Engineering Programs ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Extensive Coverage ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Initial Hypothesis ◽  
Technological Transition

In the context of phosphorus as a finite resource and the unsustainable character of current sanitation in Europe, this paper examined social factors in a technological transition towards sustainable sanitation. The evaluation is based on the idea of cognitive, structural, and technological fixes to achieve environmental protection. The cognitive fix has been evaluated through literature and a European-wide survey with universities that offer civil and environmental engineering programs. Contrary to an initial hypothesis, ecological sanitation and nutrient recycling are taught by the majority (66%) of responding programs. There are, however, local differences in terms of context and detail of the education. The main impediments for teaching were identified as academic resources (especially in Belgium, Germany and Denmark) and the technological status quo (Ireland, Italy, Spain and some programs of the United Kingdom). Instructors’ personal commitment and experience was evaluated to be a key factor for an extensive coverage of sustainable sanitation in higher education programs. The role of higher education has a critical role to play in changing sanitation practices, given the unique professional developmental stage of students and the potential for a cognitive fix to contribute to meaningful change.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Pathogens in Feces by Desiccation and Urea Treatment for Application in Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2156-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elisa Magri ◽  
Luiz Sérgio Philippi ◽  
Björn Vinnerås
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Fecal Material ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecological Sanitation ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTEcological sanitation technologies can be effective in providing health and environmental pollution control if they can efficiently reduce the pathogenicity of microorganisms carried in fecal material to safe levels. This study evaluated the sanitizing effects of different additives for dry treatment of feces from urine-diverting dry toilets, based on inactivation ofEnterococcus faecalis,Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium, bacteriophages MS2 and ΦX, andAscaris suum. The additives, ash (A) and oyster shell (O) in different amounts and urea (U) to optimize the process, were compared with no additive, solely urea, and sawdust as controls (C) and were covered ([x%O:A]) or uncovered (x%O:A). The main inactivation factors found were desiccation, ammonia content, and pH.S.Typhimurium andE. faecaliswere more affected by the ammonia content. A combination of neutral to high pH and desiccation was most effective for inactivation of MS2, and desiccation was most effective for inactivation of ΦX andA. suum. The inactivation rate was modeled for all combinations studied. The most promising treatments were [150%O:A+U], 150%O:A+U, and 150%O:A. According to the models, these could inactivate, for example, 7 log10units of all bacteria and bacteriophages within 83, 125, and 183 days, respectively. The inactivation ofA. suumwas modeled, albeit the measured decay in egg viability was low.

1. Introduction - The Challenges of Urban Ecological Sanitation

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Arno Rosemarin ◽  
Jennifer McConville ◽  
Amparo Flores ◽  
Zhu Qiang
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Sanitation

Philosophical, ecological and technical challenges for expanding ecological sanitation into urban areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A Esray
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Ecological Sanitation

Ecological sanitation seems often to be taken to mean no more than an alternative toilet, whereas it should be understood more broadly as embodying a closed-loop approach to the management of human excreta. In the next 25 years the urban population of Africa and Asia is expected to double. By facilitating the revival of urban agriculture and avoiding the adverse environmental impacts of conventional treatment strategies, ecological sanitation can play a major role in providing food security and public health in a sustainable future.

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