Philosophical, ecological and technical challenges for expanding ecological sanitation into urban areas

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A Esray
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Ecological Sanitation

Ecological sanitation seems often to be taken to mean no more than an alternative toilet, whereas it should be understood more broadly as embodying a closed-loop approach to the management of human excreta. In the next 25 years the urban population of Africa and Asia is expected to double. By facilitating the revival of urban agriculture and avoiding the adverse environmental impacts of conventional treatment strategies, ecological sanitation can play a major role in providing food security and public health in a sustainable future.

scholarly journals Observed and Potential Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorin Cheval ◽  
Cristian Mihai Adamescu ◽  
Teodoro Georgiadis ◽  
Mathew Herrnegger ◽  
Adrian Piticar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Various environmental factors influence the outbreak and spread of epidemic or even pandemic events which, in turn, may cause feedbacks on the environment. The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on 13 March 2020 and its rapid onset, spatial extent and complex consequences make it a once-in-a-century global disaster. Most countries responded by social distancing measures and severely diminished economic and other activities. Consequently, by the end of April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to numerous environmental impacts, both positive such as enhanced air and water quality in urban areas, and negative, such as shoreline pollution due to the disposal of sanitary consumables. This study presents an early overview of the observed and potential impacts of the COVID-19 on the environment. We argue that the effects of COVID-19 are determined mainly by anthropogenic factors which are becoming obvious as human activity diminishes across the planet, and the impacts on cities and public health will be continued in the coming years.

scholarly journals Urban Agriculture: Search for Agricultural Practice in Urbanized Rural Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1461
Author(s):  
Celile Özçiçek Dölekoğlu ◽  
Sema Gün
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Rapid urbanization in developing countries involves unplanned migration, unemployment and poverty. The steady shrinking of rural areas and the use of agricultural land for other purposes are progressively increasing the pressure on natural resources. This development on the one hand increases the risk to food security, and on the other triggers climate change. The rural population who migrate to the cities or who are absorbed into urban areas continue their agricultural activities in the urban in order to provide themselves with an income or to maintain their food security. In the big cities of the developed world, contact with nature is kept by means of hobby gardens, recreational areas and urban and suburban plant and animal farming, and creative ideas such as roof gardens can be found. This development, known as urban agriculture, is practiced by 800 million people in the world. Urban agriculture has many economic, social and environmental benefits, but it may also have risks and adverse effects. In this study, the developments in this area in Turkey and the world are presented, and all aspects of its effects and outcomes are discussed.

scholarly journals The Multiple Benefits of Urban Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Oldani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Societal Needs

Urban agriculture has emerged as a solution to food insecurity and other issues faced by underserved communities in urban areas. This study compares four urban food initiatives to highlight differences in implementation and success across different agricultural practices. The study also examines the varying levels of support for these initiatives in the United States and Cuba. The comparison shows that different initiatives within the urban food movement meet a unique intersection of multifaceted societal needs beyond the main goal of hunger alleviation. The main intersecting social needs that urban food initiatives can address are food accessibility, public health, and sustainable development. Moreover, different forms of governmental or non- governmental support for these initiatives influence their success and the scope of their outreach. Broader implications of this study include the importance of utilizing urban food not only as a remedy to hunger and food insecurity problems but also as a way to address public health and sustainable development goals in cities. The main findings imply a necessity for local governments to include urban agriculture initiatives in sustainability and food security plans for cities to encourage sustainable development, health, and increased food access for city residents.

scholarly journals Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture as a Tool for Food Security and Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: The Case of Mestre

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5999
Author(s):  
Giulia Lucertini ◽  
Gianmarco Di Giustino
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Impact Reduction ◽  
Change Mitigation

Urban and peri-urban areas are subject to major societal challenges, like food security, climate change, biodiversity, resource efficiency, land management, social cohesion, and economic growth. In that context, Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture (UPA), thanks to its multifunctionality, could have a high value in providing social, economic, and environmental co-benefits. UPA is an emerging field of research and production that aims to improve food security and climate change impact reduction, improving urban resilience and sustainability. In this paper, a replicable GIS-based approach was used to localize and quantify available areas for agriculture, including both flat rooftop and ground-level areas in the mainland of the city of Venice (Italy). Then, possible horticultural yield production was estimated considering common UPA yield value and average Italian consumption. Climate change mitigation, like CO2 reduction and sequestration, and climate change adaptation, like Urban Flooding and Urban Heat Island reduction, due to the new UPA areas’ development were estimated. Despite the urban density, the identified areas have the potential to produce enough vegetables for the residents and improve climate change mitigation and adaptation, if transformed into agricultural areas. Finally, the paper concludes with a reflection on the co-benefits of UPA multifunctionality, and with some policy suggestions.

scholarly journals Evaluating urban agriculture program effectiveness using CIPP model: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Munifah Siti Amira Yusuf ◽  
Norsida Man ◽  
Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris ◽  
Ismi Arif Ismail ◽  
Amar Maruf
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Related Services ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition

The art of planting, preparing, and distributing food around urban areas is known as urban agriculture, farming, or gardening. Individuals and organizations generally work in urban agriculture for general purposes: 1) enhancing their own health and economic circumstances; 2) improving their communities’ access to nutritious food; 3) enhancing their community wellbeing; and 4) developing a community and ecosystem. The Urban Agriculture Program (UAP) has been set up by the Department of Agriculture (DOA) Malaysia since 2014 to facilitate and transfer information regarding urban farming practices to the community. However, the program was less effective and had a low success rate due to the local community's minimal participation, slow development, and sustainability of the agriculture community gardens. This article primarily examines the UAP implementation based on the four components of the CIPP Evaluation Model: Context, Input, Process, and Product. The UAP is a sustainable development tool that can provide food or related services within or on the edges of urban areas. Malaysia addresses food security by providing urban dwellers with adequate nutritious, safe, acceptable, and cost-effective food. Therefore, the study is relevant as achieving food security and nutrition that has been set in the urban agriculture program outcome by 2025.

scholarly journals Development of Precission Farming Hydropoonic Model Based On Internet of Things Using Arduino

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1946-1955
Author(s):  
Budi Tjahjono ◽  
Kundang Karsono ◽  
Lista Meria
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Community Food Security ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
And Control

Agricultural land in urban areas was needed for community food security. Narrow agricultural land posed obstacles in the implementation of urban agriculture. Hydroponi is a solution for agricultureal development on narrow land. Precesion farming was needed to maintain plant growth. Hydroponic system required regulation of air and water temperature, humidity, water level, pH, water nutrient. This study used SDLC methodology. The result of this research is an automatic hydroponic implementation that can monitor and control an Internet of Things based hydroponic system using Arduino.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF STRATEGIES FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT: A SWOT ANALYSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpawani Ramaloo ◽  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Choon Yeun Liong ◽  
Anizan Isahak
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Agriculture Development

Population growth is the major reason for increased food demands and countries face difficult challenges in ensuring food security. This study was conducted to investigate the prospects of urban agriculture (UA) development in Penang state, Malaysia, from the experts’ perspective, particularly on the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT). Fifty-seven Penang state stakeholders were interviewed. This study applied qualitative analysis method using SWOT analysis to identify and prioritize strategies for urban agricultural development in order to assist planners to manage urban agriculture for achieving food security in urban areas. Based on the results of the SWOT analysis, strategic plans for urban agriculture development system were prioritized into legal framework, financial, infrastructure, land, water, environment and health, social, marketing, and research and development aspects. Finally, a number of strategies for sustainable development of urban agriculture were outlined in order to reduce the weaknesses, avoid the threats, improve the strengths, and grasp the opportunities for the development of urban agriculture production in the Penang state.

scholarly journals Digital Therapeutics: Exploring the Possibilities of Digital Intervention for Myopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sun Lee ◽  
Seung Eun Choi ◽  
Jarang Hahm ◽  
Myoung Joon Kim ◽  
Hyo Sook Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Major Public Health Issue ◽  
Theoretical Hypothesis

Pediatric myopia is increasing globally and has become a major public health issue. However, the mechanism of pediatric myopia is still poorly understood, and there is no effective treatment to prevent its progression. Based on results from animal and clinical studies, certain neuronal–humoral factors (NHFs), such as IGF-1, dopamine, and cortisol may be involved in the progression of pediatric myopia. Digital therapeutics uses evidence-based software as therapeutic interventions and it has the potential to offer innovative treatment strategies for pediatric myopia beyond conventional treatment methods. In this perspective article, we introduce digital therapeutics SAT-001, a software algorithm that modulates the level of NHFs to reduce the progression of pediatric myopia. The proposed mechanism is based on a theoretical hypothesis derived from scientific research and clinical studies and will be further confirmed by evidence generated from clinical studies involving pediatric myopia.

The Contribution of ICTs to Sustainable Urbanization and Health in Urban Areas in Cameroon

2020 ◽  
pp. 624-641
Author(s):  
Adolphe Ayissi Eteme ◽  
Justin Moskolai Ngossaha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
The City

The uncontrolled urbanization in African cities with inadequate access to urban domestic waste, housing and sanitation management services (DWHSMS) generates landscapes that become places of the spread of many pathologies leading to many public health problems. The city of Yaoundé (Cameroon) is not an exception in this situation which exposes an urban population to the most recurrent diseases. The situation become more complex in the fact that, the performance of the policies and the actions undertaken implied in developing countries, is not known in a precisely. The information sources are dispersed, old and not coordinated. ICT can, at the service of the great causes like the sustainable urbanization and/or environmental health, constitute the irreplaceable ones and essential decision-making tools. For this purpose, integrated and interoperable YUSIIP platform has proposed and deployed. The objective of this article is to present this Domestic platform and to show its contribution in (DWHSMS).

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