Dietary nitrogen and fish welfare

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
Luis E. C. Conceição ◽  
Cláudia Aragão ◽  
Jorge Dias ◽  
Benjamín Costas ◽  
Genciana Terova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen

Dietary nitrogen and fish welfare

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis E. C. Conceição ◽  
Cláudia Aragão ◽  
Jorge Dias ◽  
Benjamín Costas ◽  
Genciana Terova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen

Potential benefit of I-Tiao-Gung (Glycine tomentella) extract to enhance ornamental fish welfare during live transport

Aquaculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 534 ◽  
pp. 736304
Author(s):  
Su Mei Wu ◽  
Jung-Ren Chen ◽  
Chin-yen Chang ◽  
Yu-Jen Tseng ◽  
Bonnie Sun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Glycine Tomentella

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Research in Seabass and Seabream Welfare during Slaughter

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2164
Author(s):  
Ignacio de la Rosa ◽  
Pedro L. Castro ◽  
Rafael Ginés
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Impact

The behavioural responses of fish to a stressful situation must be considered an adverse reaction caused by the perception of pain. Consequently, the handling prior to stunning and the immediacy of loss consciousness following stunning are the aspects to take into account during the slaughtering process. The most common commercial stunning method in seabream and seabass is based on hypothermia, but other methods such as electrical stunning, carbon dioxide narcosis or anaesthetic with clove oil, are discussed in relation to the time to reach the unconsciousness stage and some welfare indicators. Although seawater plus ice slurry is currently accepted in some guidelines of fish welfare well practices at slaughter, it cannot be considered completely adequate due to the deferred speed at which cause loss of consciousness. New methods of incorporating some kind of anaesthetic in the stunning tank could be a solution to minimize the impact on the welfare of seabass and seabream at slaughtering.

scholarly journals Proxy Measures and Novel Strategies for Estimating Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency in Dairy Cattle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Anna Lavery ◽  
Conrad Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Utilisation ◽  
Utilisation Efficiency

The efficiency with which dairy cows convert dietary nitrogen (N) to milk N is generally low (typically 25%). As a result, much of the N consumed is excreted in manure, from which N can be lost to the environment. Therefore there is increasing pressure to reduce N excretion and improve N use efficiency (NUE) on dairy farms. However, assessing N excretion and NUE on farms is difficult, thus the need to develop proximate measures that can provide accurate estimates of nitrogen utilisation. This review examines a number of these proximate measures. While a strong relationship exists between blood urea N and urinary N excretion, blood sampling is an invasive technique unsuitable for regular herd monitoring. Milk urea N (MUN) can be measured non-invasively, and while strong relationships exist between dietary crude protein and MUN, and MUN and urinary N excretion, the technique has limitations. Direct prediction of NUE using mid-infrared analysis of milk has real potential, while techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy analysis of faeces and manure have received little attention. Similarly, techniques such as nitrogen isotope analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine, and breath ammonia analysis may all offer potential in the future, but much research is still required.

Ammonia and urea toxicoses in sheep and their relation to dietary nitrogen intake

1970 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Morris ◽  
E. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Urea Cycle ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Butyric Acid ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Intake

SUMMARYThe intravenous (i.v.) infusion of solutions of ammonium salts into sheep produced a toxic condition in which the clinical signs, pathological findings and concentrations of ammonia in the venous blood were comparable with those found in urea poisoning, provided that the urea and ammonia toxicoses were induced over similar time intervals. Our results indicate that urea toxicosis in ruminants is due to the toxic effects of ammonia. Although the clinical signs resulting from the i.v. infusion of ammonium chloride, acetate and hydroxide showed some relationship to the basicity of the compounds, alkalosis did not appear to be a necessary prerequisite for ammonia toxicosis.The tolerances of sheep to orally administered urea and i.v. infused ammonium salt solutionswere shown to be positively related to dietary nitrogen intake. These results and the observations reported by Payne & Morris (1969) that the concentrations of urea-cycle enzymes per unit of liver tissue were markedly affected by dietary nitrogen intake suggest that supplementation of ruminants grazing low-protein pastures with urea, occurs at a time when their tolerances to an over-dose of urea are minimal.The i.v. administration of arginine and of y-amino butyric acid plus glucose did not appear to be of practical value in preventing urea poisoning.

scholarly journals Fish protection during fish production. Organizational conditions for fish welfare

Marine Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 104530
Author(s):  
Kristine Vedal Størkersen ◽  
Tonje C. Osmundsen ◽  
Lars Helge Stien ◽  
Christian Medaas ◽  
Marianne Elisabeth Lien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Fish Protection

scholarly journals Fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary nitrogen in two sika deerCervus nippon populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Ueno ◽  
Chiho Nishimura ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Koichi Kaji ◽  
Takashi Saitoh
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Nitrogen ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen

NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN CALORIC INSUFFICIENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-448
Author(s):  
WARREN M. COX ◽  
RUDOLPH C. ELLINGSON ◽  
A. J. MUELLER
Keyword(s):  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Protein Loss ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
New Protein ◽  
Normal Stock

To determine whether a portion of ingested protein can be used for tissue growth when insufficient calories were fed, isocaloric and suboptimal amounts of calories in the form of dextrose or as dextrose and protein hydrolysate (amigen®) were fed to protein-depleted, partially starved, scalded and normal stock rats together with adequate vitamins and minerals. It is concluded that: 1. The greater the need for protein, the greater is the utilization of ingested nitrogen for new protein synthesis under conditions of caloric limitation. Protein-depleted rats are able to build new protein tissue even when basal energy requirements are not completely supplied. 2. Protein depleted, partially starved, scalded and stock animals retain or gain more weight when fed adequate or suboptimal quantities of the hydrolysate-dextrose diet than when fed isocaloric quantities of the dextrose diet. 3. Stock animals with no pre-existing protein loss, and in good nutritive condition, do not utilize dietary nitrogen for tissue building when the caloric intake is suboptimal. 4. When the caloric intake is less than that required to meet the estimated basal energy needs, a diet supplying approximately 20% of the calories as protein supported better growth than those supplying more or less than this amount.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document