Rising Groundwater Levels in North-Eastern Ukraine: Hazardous Trends in Urban Areas

2002 ◽  
pp. 221-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Jakovljev ◽  
L. P. Svirenko ◽  
O. Ju. Chebanov ◽  
O. I. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
North Eastern

Shallow groundwater dynamics in smectite dominated clay on the Liverpool Plains of New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Timms ◽  
R. I. Acworth ◽  
D. Berhane
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Shallow Groundwater System

Dynamic shallow (<5 m) groundwater levels are an important indicator of water and salt fluxes in smectite-dominated clay on the Liverpool Plains in north-eastern New South Wales. Previous hydrogeological assessments of shallow groundwater related salinity risk have focused on regional scale distribution and interaction with rising pressure levels in confined aquifer systems. In this study, groundwater levels over a 7-year period for the saline Yarramanbah subcatchment are presented, along with data from 60 new and existing shallow piezometers and precise elevation surveying and intensive automated monitoring at selected sites. The shallow groundwater system is shown to respond to recharge; however, over the medium-term it is in hydrologic balance, with no evidence of increased water storage. A proportion of recharge is lost by discharge into deeply incised surface channels. Groundwater salinity in the banks of Warrah Creek indicate that flushing of salts from clay is related to increased flux of fresh water. Concern exists that there may be increased salt export from the catchment. If this is in fact occurring while the plains are in hydrologic equilibrium, then increased salt fluxes must be related to factors other than rising groundwater levels.

scholarly journals Stability assessment of roadbed affected by ground subsidence adjacent to urban railways

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Young Eum ◽  
Young-Kon Park ◽  
Sang-Soo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Train Derailment ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Ground Conditions

Abstract. In recent years, leakages in aged pipelines for water and sewage in urban areas have frequently induced ground loss resulting in cavities. One third of the pipelines buried in Seoul city in South Korea are more than fifty years old. Train loadings and change in groundwater levels in the undiscerned development of urban areas induce roadbed settlements. Train derailment may occur as the roadbed exceeds the allowable settlements associated with location and size of the cavity adjacent to the roadbed. In this study, FLAC3D, which is a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical modeling software, is used to do stability and risk level assessment for the roadbed in adjacent to urban railways with respect to various groundwater levels and the geometric characteristics of cavities. Numerical results show that the roadbed settlements in simulated ground conditions in South Korea, that satisfy the allowable values for a cavity of diameter of 10 m exists adjacent to the roadbed. The distance between the center of the roadbed and the center of the cavity should be greater than 25 m and the groundwater level should be greater than 22 m below the ground surface.

scholarly journals Thermal Performance Analysis of a Newly Designed Circular Firewood Boiling Salt Stove

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 210507
Author(s):  
Apichart Srichat ◽  
Weerapol Kaewka ◽  
Ponthep Vengsungnle ◽  
Songkran Wiriyasart ◽  
Paisarn Naphon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Salt Crystal ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Salt Crystals ◽  
Circular Configuration

Different biomass stoves are introduced and distributed among people living in rural and urban areas, especially in developing countries. For salt crystal production in Thailand’s rural north-eastern area, open fire stoves are used in domestic and small productive activities. Their thermal efficiency is very low for converting heat into utilization energy. A new stove with a circular configuration was designed and constructed to consider its thermal efficiency and economics, which were compared with those from a traditional and an improved traditional stove. The obtained thermal efficiency of the newly designed stove was 14.77% higher than that of the improved stove and 81.45% higher than that of the traditional stove. For the same initial saline volume, the final amounts of salt crystals and salt flowers obtained from the newly designed stove was higher compared with those obtained from the improved stove and the traditional stove, respectively, resulting in a 69.25% shorter payback period.

scholarly journals Regional hydrogeology for groundwater resource management policies. The Latium volcanic domain (central Italy)

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mazza ◽  
Lucia Mastrorillo
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Regional Hydrogeology ◽  
Conceptual Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Set Up

Growing urban areas in the Latium volcanic domain has resulted in the increase of water demand. The uncontrolled increase in water withdrawals cause an inexorable reduction of springs discharges and progressive drawdown of groundwater levels. This emergency needs an urgent rationalization of groundwater management thorough understanding of qualitative and quantitative features of the aquifers. The main aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the method of study and the results obtained by researchers belonging to the Laboratory of Quantitative Hydrogeology (University of Roma Tre) to support the use and protection of groundwater resources. Therefore, we propose a summary of methods applied in previous hydrogeology studies that have contributed to legislation on groundwater resources management in the volcanic aquifers. The study area corresponds to the Latium volcanic domain and covers approximately 6500 km2. About 3000 stratigraphic data and about 2600 water points have been collected in order to set up a conceptual hydrogeological model. The conceptual model has been validated by the resolution of the hydrological budget. Detailed evaluation of the water supply is essential for the correct setting of the hydrological budget, in fact it represents the main output of the budget. These analysis highlight the condition of the resource. Critical areas have been identified for reshaping of water supply in order to increase environmental remediation and economic development.

scholarly journals Responsiveness to acoustic stimulation, distribution and habitat preferences of the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, Dendrocopos minor, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (North-eastern Italy)

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Gianluca Rassati
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Habitat Preferences ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Montane Zone ◽  
Dendrocopos Minor ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

From 2005 to 2013 in Friuli-Venezia Giulia (NE Italy), using the playback method, a study on the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker, <em>Dendrocopos</em> <em>minor</em>, was carried out. The aims were to identify the trends in distribution, the range, and the habitat preferences, along with the evaluation of the responsiveness to acoustic stimulation. The Lesser Spotted Woodpecker responded in 10.67% of the points where a conspecifics stimulus was emitted, demonstrating a “strong” responsiveness to the first stimulus. In the case of a response, males prevailed, and the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker was confirmed as the <em>Picidae</em> species that tended to show itself the most (79.17% of the points). Thanks to the tendency to expand the range and to occupy new zones within the known range, most of the suitable environments were occupied in the Provinces of Trieste and Gorizia and from the lowlands to the outer prealpine zone, even in urban areas. In the montane zone, expansion occurred through ascending of the valleys and slopes. The species was found from sea level to 1200 m (mean altitude: 429±270 SD m a.s.l.) and particularly below 800 m a.s.l. (about 90% of the contacts). Of all the contacts, 71.69% occurred in broadleaf woodlands. Woodlands along watercourses were revealed to be very important (most highly represented forest type with more than one fifth of contacts), which have allowed the species to live in the lowlands and subsequently colonize other suitable environments, and the countryside and orchards, which are fundamental in the mountains for the spread and permanence of the taxon. In some areas, densities of 1.11-2.50 territories/100 ha were obtained. In Friuli-Venezia Giulia, a population of 150-190 pairs has been estimated, with an increase of just over 60% compared to the beginning of the century. Finally, some aspects concerning conservation-related problems are reported.

scholarly journals Pneumonia remains a leading public health problem among under-five children in peri-urban areas of north-eastern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0235818
Author(s):  
Awoke Keleb ◽  
Tadesse Sisay ◽  
Kassahun Alemu ◽  
Ayechew Ademas ◽  
Mistir Lingerew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
North Eastern

scholarly journals Stability assessment of roadbed affected by ground subsidence adjacent to urban railways

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2261-2271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Soo Jeon ◽  
Young-Kon Park ◽  
Ki-Young Eum
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Status ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Train Operation

Abstract. In recent years, leakages in aged pipelines for water and sewage in urban areas have frequently induced ground loss, resulting in cavities and ground subsidence, causing roadbed settlement greater than the allowable value. In this study, FLAC3D, which is a three-dimensional finite-difference numerical modeling software, is used to perform stability and risk level assessment for the roadbed adjacent to urban railways with respect to various groundwater levels and the geometric characteristics of cavities. Numerical results show that roadbed settlement increases as the diameter (D) of the cavity increases and the distance (d) between the roadbed and the cavity decreases. The regression analyses results show that, as D∕d is greater than 0.2 and less than 0.3, the roadbed is in the status of caution or warning. It requires a database of measurement sensors for real-time monitoring of the roadbed, structures and groundwater to prevent disasters in advance. As D∕d exceeds 0.35, the roadbed settlement substantially increases and the roadbed is in danger. Since this may result in highly probable traffic accidents, train operation should be stopped and the roadbed should be reinforced or repaired. The effects of groundwater level on roadbed settlement are examined and the analysis results indicate that roadbed settlement is highly influenced by groundwater levels to an extent greater than even the influence of the size of the cavity.

scholarly journals Rural-urban differences in children’s musculosceletal injuries in North-eastern Poland

2019 ◽  
pp. 557-566
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Northeastern Poland

OBJECTIVE. To investigate rural-urban differences in severity of injuries, by means of age, sex and duration of hospitalization of injured children in northeastern Poland. METHODS. The study included children admitted to the Department of Pediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology in between 2002-2005 (1322 patients) and 2012-2013 (1725 patients) due to injury. We applied the rural-urban division on the base of number of inhabitants (rural – below, urban – over 25000). We divided injuries into four categories based on severity. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the risk of hospitalization due to different types of injuries among children in different age and sex groups, living in rural and urban areas RESULTS. Children from urban areas have a higher risk of hospitalization compared to their peers living in rural areas due to two least severe categories of injuries. Children from rural areas had much higher risk of hospitalization due to most severe injuries. Results were consistent for both time intervals.. The average duration of hospitalization was significantly longer among rural populations. However, in both rural and urban areas the mean length of stay has been shortened in comparison with the years 2002-2005. The average age of urban patients has been reduced over the years and remained stable among rural population. In both groups boys comprised the majority of patients with all kinds of injuries. CONCLUSIONS. Analysis of the risk of hospitalization among children from rural and urban areas brings constructive conclusions only after applying the division based on severity of injuries. Children living in rural areas and small towns are at a higher risk of suffering severe injuries that pose a risk of permanent disability, and of longer hospitalization because of them, compared to children living in larger cities.

scholarly journals Groundwater Policy and Ground Water Dependencies: Reflecting on the Evolving Socio-Environmental Dynamics in Peri-Urban Kathmandu Valley

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Anushiya Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Urban Dynamics ◽  
Groundwater Policy

Groundwater is an increasingly important source of water supply in Kathmandu Valley, ‘the hub of Nepal’s urbanisation’. Past studies have revealed that groundwater extraction in Kathmandu Valley exceeds its recharge, thus having negative consequences like drying of traditional water sources, decreasing yield of wells, and declining groundwater levels. The groundwater policy 2012 was formulated with the aim of managing groundwater use in the valley. Yet, with rapid urban growth, groundwater exploitation has continued increasing in the city and the peri-urban areas in Kathmandu Valley. But little is known regarding how urbanisation shapes increasing groundwater exploitation in the peri-urban settings. This study unfolds the underexplored socio-environmental dynamics underlying groundwater exploitation in peri-urban areas of Kathmandu Valley. The findings from the case study using qualitative research methods, conducted in peri-urban locations of Kathmandu Valley show increasing competition for water and growing use of as well as dependence on groundwater in these rapidly evolving peri-urban spaces, despite growing protests and worries about its consequences. However, the existing groundwater policy lacks attention to peri-urban dynamics of change and growth and does little to address the increasing groundwater use in peri-urban locations in the valley. The polarised views and local conflicts around groundwater exploitation emerging in peri-urban spaces are the outcome of multiple entanglements: sectoral divides and overlapping responsibilities in water institutions, weak governance and management; socio-economic transformations in peri-urban spaces, the invisibility of groundwater and ambiguity in the hydrological dynamics of conjunctive water use. Based on my findings, I stress on the need for addressing the existing macro-micro gaps (ground)water management by improving the understanding of local hydro-geological  complexities and paying critical attention to the socio-economic, political and institutional drivers of increasing groundwater use.

scholarly journals Recent trends in groundwater levels in a highly seasonal hydrological system: the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 4125-4154 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shamsudduha ◽  
R. E. Chandler ◽  
R. G. Taylor ◽  
K. M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Shallow Aquifers ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Decomposition Procedure ◽  
Hydrological System ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Ganges ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Groundwater levels in shallow aquifers underlying Asian mega-deltas are characterized by strong seasonal variations associated with monsoon rainfall. To resolve trend and seasonal components in weekly groundwater levels in the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) Delta, we apply a nonparametric seasonal-trend decomposition procedure (STL) to observations compiled from 1985 to 2005 in Bangladesh. Seasonality dominates observed variance in groundwater levels but declining groundwater levels (>1 m/yr) are detected in urban and peri-urban areas around Dhaka as well as in north-central, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the country (0.1 to 0.5 m/yr) where intensive abstraction of groundwater is conducted for dry-season rice cultivation. Rising groundwater levels (0.5 to 2.5 cm/yr) are observed in the estuarine and southern coastal regions. This novel application of the STL procedure reveals, for the first time, the unsustainability of irrigation supplied by shallow aquifers in some areas of the GBM Delta and the hydrological impact of seawater intrusion of coastal aquifers associated with sea-level rise. Our findings provide important insight into the hydrological impacts of groundwater-fed irrigation and sea-level rise in other Asian mega-deltas where monitoring data are limited.

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