Inherent Limitations of the Vertical System of Enforcement

2019 ◽  
pp. 209-309
Author(s):  
Christopher Soler
Keyword(s):  
Vertical System

scholarly journals Near-optimal decoding of transient stimuli from coupled neuronal subpopulations

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Trousdale ◽  
Samuel R. Carroll ◽  
Fabrizio Gabbiani ◽  
Krešimir Josić
Keyword(s):  
Visual Processing ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Rotation Axis ◽  
Biophysical Model ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Vertical System ◽  
Optimal Decoding

Coupling between sensory neurons impacts their tuning properties and correlations in their responses. How such coupling affects sensory representations and ultimately behavior remains unclear. We investigated the role of neuronal coupling during visual processing using a realistic biophysical model of the vertical system (VS) cell network in the blow fly. These neurons are thought to encode the horizontal rotation axis during rapid free flight manoeuvres. Experimental findings suggest neurons of the vertical system are strongly electrically coupled, and that several downstream neurons driving motor responses to ego-rotation receive inputs primarily from a small subset of VS cells. These downstream neurons must decode information about the axis of rotation from a partial readout of the VS population response. To investigate the role of coupling, we simulated the VS response to a variety of rotating visual scenes and computed optimal Bayesian estimates from the relevant subset of VS cells. Our analysis shows that coupling leads to near-optimal estimates from a subpopulation readout. In contrast, coupling between VS cells has no impact on the quality of encoding in the response of the full population. We conclude that coupling at one level of the fly visual system allows for near-optimal decoding from partial information at the subsequent, pre-motor level. Thus, electrical coupling may provide a general mechanism to achieve near-optimal information transfer from neuronal subpopulations across organisms and modalities.

scholarly journals Comparing the Environmental Sustainability of Vertical and Conventional Wheat Farming Using Life Cycle Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Gulbrant Sørensen ◽  
Stig Irving Olsen ◽  
Tracey Colley
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Impact Category ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Vertical System

Main purposes and research question: Wheat is the second largest grain crop by tonnage in the world and the largest in Denmark. Given the observed, adverse impacts on wheat yields of climate change and the importance of wheat in the human diet, the purpose of this study was to use life cycle assessment to compare conventional wheat farming with indoor vertical farming using hydroponics. Methods: Life Cycle Assessment was used to assess the base case systems up to the “farm gate” for 1 tonne of wheat grain. The processes contributing most of the impacts were identified, and scenarios were assessed to determine how much the impacts could be reduced. Results: The conventional system outperformed the base case vertical system in every impact category, due to the electricity consumption in the lighting system. The scenarios included increasing the efficiency of the LED lighting and using 100% wind energy, but the conventional system still outperformed the vertical system by significant margins in all impact categories. This was due to the low photosynthetic conversion efficiency and the high energy density of wheat. Conclusions: Until significant improvements are made to lighting efficiency, the photosynthesis conversion efficiency of wheat, new wheat variants designed for vertical gardens and the sustainability of electricity supply, conventional wheat production will be environmentally preferable and vertical gardens would be advised to focus on food products with low energy densities.

scholarly journals SPICE-NIRS Microbeam: a focused vertical system for proton irradiation of a single cell for radiobiological research

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruaki Konishi ◽  
Masakazu Oikawa ◽  
Noriyoshi Suya ◽  
Takahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Takeshi Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Proton Irradiation ◽  
Vertical System

scholarly journals Effectiveness of vertical system planted with Renealmia Alpinia used in sub-humid climate to treat urban wastewater: a case study in the pilot site Bouregreg-ONEE RABAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Amal Kabbour ◽  
Latifa Mouhir ◽  
Mohamed Laaouan ◽  
Mustapha El Hafidi ◽  
Laila Saafadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Liquid System ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
National Office ◽  
Vertical System

Wastewater treatment is a global environmental issue. In Morocco, 45% of wastewater is treated before its discharge. Their impact on the environment is further aggravated by the degradation or absence of the sewerage liquid system. The constructed wetlands are alternative systems for the treatment of wastewater. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate period adaptation (60 days) of a substitute plant Renealmia alpinia, and its potential for treating wastewater generated by the campus of the National Office of Electricity and Drinking Water (ONEE) of Rabat. A pilot experimental setup (tank) was constructed. The pumping rate was adjusted to 0.7 m3 / h while the density of R. alpinia planting on the surface of the filter massif was 6 plants/m2. At the end of monitoring, planting density was superior of 30, and R.alpinia plants have completed this phase clearly without any disease symptoms present. The treated water obtained from outlet and wastewater were analysed for various water quality parameters such as Biological oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Suspended solids (SS). The vertical system is able to remove 49 % of BOD, 80 % of COD, 88 % of SS. The results obtained are within the permissible limits for domestic rejects according to National legislation of Morocco. Overall results demonstrated that the selected plant posses a high potential for treating wastewater, it could represent a sustainable and inexpensive biotechnological strategy for untreated wastewater.

General Situation of Constuction Machinery Development in Mechatronics Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 2909-2912
Author(s):  
Mi Tian ◽  
Xi Wei Zhang ◽  
Hai Ying Zu ◽  
Yi Na Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Mechanical Engineering ◽  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Service System ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Automated Control ◽  
Construction Machinery ◽  
New Type ◽  
Vertical System

This is an introduction to brief development of construction equipments intellectualization and information with typical technology. Providing that the application of mechatronics which includes electronic monitoring, automatic alarm and fault self-diagnosis, a new type of transmission device, leveling system and vertical system, automated or semi-automated control, automated or semi-automated control and the construction machinery remote monitoring and service system in the field of mechanical engineering. This article describes the mechatronics trends in construction machinery.

State of the art technology for subsea tie-in and repair systems in the North Sea

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Per A. Nesje
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Repair System ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Local Repair ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Vertical System

The new design of subsea structures such as riser bases (RB), pipeline end terminations (PLET) and pipeline end manifolds (PLEM) has resulted in lighter and more installation-friendly solutions. PLETs and PLEMs can be installed together with the pipeline, avoiding separate installation campaigns. The RB is designed to slide on the seabed, hence it can be connected directly to the pipeline, avoiding the need for expansion spools. If dropped object and/or trawl protection is required, a range of standardised GRP protection covers is available for the protection of structures, inline/hot-tap tees and spools. A new remote controlled tie-in system—THOR—has been developed for general use. The concept offers significant cost savings when measured against the existing conventional tie-in tool based systems. The system will be available for all pipeline sizes and will be independent of connector manufacturer.A vertical system for hot-tapping and tie-in onto a hot-tap tee has been developed and installed on the Ormen Lange field. The system includes a contingency isolation plug for recovery of the isolation valve module.Active pipeline supports (APS) have been introduced to the market and are now installed on several projects. This type of structure will enable the adjustment of pipelines during and after installation, and will therefore ensure more flexibility during the design phase. The pipeline repair system developed for the North Sea has been used for 20 years and is definitively field proven through a large number of repair operations and planned work. Many repair components and their associated installation systems have been made and used over these years. Based on this knowledge we can now better recommend, to a new repair market such as Australia, which type of repair items to purchase for the local repair system. This evaluation will also identify the items or components that should be partly prepared, either on a design level only, or up until storage of forged material or completion of particular long lead items.

Study on Dynamical Modeling of the Rolling Mill Vertical System

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 4825-4830
Author(s):  
Xian Jin Shi ◽  
Di Ping Wu ◽  
Zhi Ying Gao
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Mill ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Contact Stiffness ◽  
Work Roll ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Ansys Simulation ◽  
Rigid Body Model ◽  
Rigid Model ◽  
Mill Stand ◽  
Vertical System

Vertical vibration is universal in the vertical system of rolling mill. It has a seriously bad effect on the quality of strip. Dynamic model of the vertical system plays an important role in the analysis of vertical vibration in rolling mill. On the basis of 1420mm six roller cold rolling mill, ADAMS rigid model and flexibility model are established in this paper. Contact stiffness of rollers is calculated through ansys simulation. Contact stiffness between the work-roll and strip is calculated by using theoretical methods and stiffness of mill stand is calculated by simplifying mill stand structure. Natural frequency and some amplitude-frequency response of vertical vibration are analyzed. The test results prove that the modeling method is feasible. Vibration derived from the deformation of rolls can be observed directly in the flexible model, which can’t be realized in the rigid body model. At the same time, the new method of calculating vertical system stiffness is also proved to be reasonable.

scholarly journals The Accumulation of Nutrients and Contaminants in Aromatic Plants Grown in a Hydroponic System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Aurora Dobrin ◽  
Elena Ştefania Ivan ◽  
Ionuţ Ovidiu Jerca ◽  
Ionuț-Răzvan Bera ◽  
Roxana Ciceoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Sustainable Systems ◽  
Vertical System ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
High Level

Abstract Hydroponic systems are highly appreciated today, due to their potential to protect the environment and ensure a high level of food safety. In general, aromatic plants play a very important role in the food, pharmacy, cosmetics, perfumery and aromatherapy industries, all these products being highly appreciated by consumers. Due to their importance, different hydroponic systems are put in place to grow at different levels, these aromatic plants. In the present study, is analyzed the influence of three different hydroponic systems (two vertical and one horizontal) on minerals content and nutritional quality of two varieties of Occimum basilicum and one Mentha piperita variety. In this study are presented dry matter content, ash, micro and macro elements and contaminants content of leaves are presented. The results showed that the vertical system without foil had the best results, followed by the vertical system with foil comparative to the horizontal system that had the lowest content in nutritious principles. The vertical eco-sustainable systems proved to be a promising innovation for growing aromatic plants at the household level and a promising start for the intensive growing.

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