Regulation of Stem Cell Functions by Micro-Patterned Structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-155
Author(s):  
Guoping Chen ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Patterned Structures

Metabolic Regulation and Related Molecular Mechanisms in Various Stem Cell Functions

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwa-Yong Lee ◽  
In-Sun Hong
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Self ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cell Functions

Recent studies on the mechanisms that link metabolic changes with stem cell fate have deepened our understanding of how specific metabolic pathways can regulate various stem cell functions during the development of an organism. Although it was originally thought to be merely a consequence of the specific cell state, metabolism is currently known to play a critical role in regulating the self-renewal capacity, differentiation potential, and quiescence of stem cells. Many studies in recent years have revealed that metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell behaviors (e.g., selfrenewal, migration, and differentiation) by modulating energy production through glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation and by regulating the generation of metabolites, which can modulate multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, a more comprehensive understanding of stem cell metabolism could allow us to establish optimal culture conditions and differentiation methods that would increase stem cell expansion and function for cell-based therapies. However, little is known about how metabolic pathways regulate various stem cell functions. In this context, we review the current advances in metabolic research that have revealed functional roles for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and oxidative stress during the self-renewal, differentiation and aging of various adult stem cell types. These approaches could provide novel strategies for the development of metabolic or pharmacological therapies to promote the regenerative potential of stem cells and subsequently promote their therapeutic utility.

scholarly journals GSK3β, a Master Kinase in the Regulation of Adult Stem Cell Behavior

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Claire Racaud-Sultan ◽  
Nathalie Vergnolle
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adult Stem Cell ◽  
Leukemic Cells ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Epithelial Regeneration ◽  
Cell Functions

In adult stem cells, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β) is at the crossroad of signaling pathways controlling survival, proliferation, adhesion and differentiation. The microenvironment plays a key role in the regulation of these cell functions and we have demonstrated that the GSK3β activity is strongly dependent on the engagement of integrins and protease-activated receptors (PARs). Downstream of the integrin α5β1 or PAR2 activation, a molecular complex is organized around the scaffolding proteins RACK1 and β-arrestin-2 respectively, containing the phosphatase PP2A responsible for GSK3β activation. As a consequence, a quiescent stem cell phenotype is established with high capacities to face apoptotic and metabolic stresses. A protective role of GSK3β has been found for hematopoietic and intestinal stem cells. Latters survived to de-adhesion through PAR2 activation, whereas formers were protected from cytotoxicity through α5β1 engagement. However, a prolonged activation of GSK3β promoted a defect in epithelial regeneration and a resistance to chemotherapy of leukemic cells, paving the way to chronic inflammatory diseases and to cancer resurgence, respectively. In both cases, a sexual dimorphism was measured in GSK3β-dependent cellular functions. GSK3β activity is a key marker for inflammatory and cancer diseases allowing adjusted therapy to sex, age and metabolic status of patients.

scholarly journals Oriented, Multimeric Biointerfaces of the L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule: An Approach to Enhance Neuronal and Neural Stem Cell Functions on 2-D and 3-D Polymer Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocie F. Cherry ◽  
Aaron L. Carlson ◽  
Farah L. Benarba ◽  
Sven D. Sommerfeld ◽  
Devendra Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Polymer Substrates ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
L1 Cell Adhesion Molecule

scholarly journals Dependence of Spreading and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Micropatterned Surface Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Guoping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Cell Functions

Micropatterning technology is a highly advantageous approach for directly assessing and comparing the effects of different factors on stem cell functions. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)- (PVA-) micropatterned polystyrene surfaces were prepared using photoreactive PVA and ultraviolet photolithography with a photomask. The micropatterned surface was suitable for single-cell array formation and long-term cell culture due to the nanometer thickness of nonadhesive PVA layer. Different degrees of cell spreading with the same cell shape were established by adjusting the sizes of circular, cell-adhesive polystyrene micropatterns. Cell spreading and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the micropatterns were investigated at the single-cell level. The assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton were regulated by the degree of cell spreading. Individual MSCs on large circular micropatterns exhibited a more highly ordered arrangement of actin filaments than did those on the small circular micropatterns. Furthermore, the differentiation of MSCs was dependent on the degree of cell spreading. Increased cell spreading facilitated the osteogenic differentiation but suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. This micropatterning method is valuable for stem cell research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes enhance periodontal ligament cell functions and promote periodontal regeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Ren Jie Chew ◽  
Shang Jiunn Chuah ◽  
Kristeen Ye Wen Teo ◽  
Shipin Zhang ◽  
Ruenn Chai Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Cell ◽  
Cell Functions

scholarly journals Graphene Hybrid Materials for Controlling Cellular Microenvironments

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4008
Author(s):  
Cheol-Hwi Kim ◽  
Tae-Hyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Graphene Derivatives ◽  
Cytoskeletal Dynamics ◽  
Cellular Microenvironments

Cellular microenvironments are known as key factors controlling various cell functions, including adhesion, growth, migration, differentiation, and apoptosis. Many materials, including proteins, polymers, and metal hybrid composites, are reportedly effective in regulating cellular microenvironments, mostly via reshaping and manipulating cell morphologies, which ultimately affect cytoskeletal dynamics and related genetic behaviors. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have emerged as promising materials in biomedical research owing to their biocompatible properties as well as unique physicochemical characteristics. In this review, we will highlight and discuss recent studies reporting the regulation of the cellular microenvironment, with particular focus on the use of graphene derivatives or graphene hybrid materials to effectively control stem cell differentiation and cancer cell functions and behaviors. We hope that this review will accelerate research on the use of graphene derivatives to regulate various cellular microenvironments, which will ultimately be useful for both cancer therapy and stem cell-based regenerative medicine.

Abstract 2457: Nestin regulates pancreatic cancer stem cell functions

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Matsuda ◽  
Kazuya Yamahatsu ◽  
Kiyoko Kawahara ◽  
Taeko Suzuki ◽  
Takenori Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Functions
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