scholarly journals Climate Change, Ecological Stress and Livelihood Choices in Indian Sundarban

2021 ◽  
pp. 399-413
Author(s):  
Santadas Ghosh ◽  
Sreejit Roy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Ecological Stress ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Livelihood Resilience

AbstractThe Sundarban delta, a biodiversity hotspot and a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is home to a large population residing on low-lying remote islands. In its Indian part, the island inhabitants mostly depend on agriculture and collection of fish and crab from deltaic rivers. Overexploitation of these resources has led to dwindling stock, threatening ecological sustainability and traditional livelihood. Climate change predictions indicate high vulnerability for this region from increasing cyclonic activities and salinity ingression into agricultural land. This study addresses a crucial research gap in understanding the local livelihooddynamics in recent years with the help of household-level information from several rounds of surveys conducted over the last decade. The study finds helping labour outmigration from the delta could be an effective strategy for ecosystem conservation and livelihood resilience. It concludes that basic education itself can make the local community more resilient to fight its livelihood challenges.

Economics of Climate Change in the Indian Sundarbans

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan Roy ◽  
Indrila Guha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
The World ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Log Linear

Sundarbans is the largest mangrove forest in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site. This area is populated by some of the world’s poorest people characterized by low levels of socio-economic indicators. However, it is one of the richest areas in the world in terms of natural resources and biodiversity. Climate change is evident here and is one of the important drivers of migration, food insecurity and poverty in this area. The basic objective of our study is to assess the socio-economic impact of climate change and its implications for availability of natural resources, and thereby to understand the adaptation needs of the people. Climate change not only impacts agricultural productivity but also the occupational structure. The decline in food security and the lack of other developmental choices in the face of climate variability are a serious threat to the economic viability of population. We have used stratified sampling techniques for data collection at household level based on pre-designed questionnaires and focus group discussion. We have tried to analyze vulnerability based on LIFE framework and log-linear regression model, and suggest some adaptation strategies to reduce vulnerability.

scholarly journals Assessing the hydrological impacts of agricultural changes upstream of the Tunisian World Heritage sea-connected Ichkeul Lake

2015 ◽  
Vol 365 ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Aouissi ◽  
Z. L. Chabaane ◽  
S. Benabdallah ◽  
C. Cudennec
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Landsat Images ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Unesco World Heritage Site ◽  
Ichkeul Lake ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The impact of changes in agricultural land use and practices as a controlling driver of hydrologic response and as a source of diffuse pollution, are studied in the Joumine River basin, discharging into the Ichkeul Lake, northern Tunisia, a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1979. The lake is characterized by a very specific hydrological functioning based on a seasonal alternation of water levels and salinity through its link to the Mediterranean Sea. Three Landsat images, in situ surveys and SWAT modelling were used to simulate and assess streamflows and nitrate loads under retrospective land uses.

scholarly journals Resolving management conflicts: could agricultural land provide the answer for an endangered species in a habitat classified as a World Heritage Site?

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
REBECCA K. SMITH ◽  
EMMA RYAN ◽  
EMMA MORLEY ◽  
RUSSELL A. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Conservation Priority ◽  
Large Herbivores ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Management Conflicts

SUMMARYThe short-interval fires required to promote grazing for large herbivores within the Cape Floristic Region World Heritage Site are detrimental to plant diversity. At the same time, longer interval fires significantly reduce graze quality. Conservation managers thus face an enormous challenge when the herbivores are also a conservation priority, since the competing conservation objectives are difficult to reconcile. Population growth rates of genetically important populations of endangered Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) are low or declining following management focused on their fynbos habitat. Investigation of spatial and temporal habitat use and the diet of Cape mountain zebra, focusing on the use of land historically converted to agricultural grassland within fynbos in De Hoop Nature Reserve (South Africa), determined factors limiting populations and facilitated development of management strategies. Zebras selected grassland over other habitat types, despite grassland accounting for only a small proportion of the reserve. Grasses also made up the greatest proportion of diet for zebras throughout the year. Time spent on grasslands increased with grass height and was likely to have been influenced by grass protein levels. It is likely that grazing resources are a limiting factor for zebra, and so options for improving and/or increasing grassland at De Hoop should be considered. Translocation of surplus males to other conservation areas, reductions in other herbivore populations and targeted burns to increase grassland availability all offer short-term solutions. However, the acquisition of agricultural grassland adjacent to reserves is likely to be a viable long-term management strategy for this and other genetically important Cape mountain zebra populations. Low conservation priority habitats, such as farmland, should be considered for other management conflicts, as they have the potential to play a vital role in conservation.

scholarly journals Acts of the international union for conservation of nature: potential for the protection of the ecosystem of the Baikal natural territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
R. Yu. Kolobov ◽  
◽  
Ya. B. Ditsevich ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
International Union ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Natural Territory

Within the framework of the project of building the concept of international legal protection of Lake Baikal, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the analysis of acts and activities of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (hereinafter-IUCN; organization), promising for strength-World Heritage site “Lake Baikal”. The documents developed in the IUCN system on climate change (the manual “Adaptation to Climate Change”) are analyzed. Some of the conclusions of this document are extrapolated to the problems of protecting the Baikal ecosystem.

scholarly journals Balancing the dual mandate of conservation and visitor use at a Canadian world heritage site in an era of rapid climate change

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1318-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Weber ◽  
Mark Groulx ◽  
Christopher J. Lemieux ◽  
Daniel Scott ◽  
Jackie Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Visitor Use ◽  
Dual Mandate

scholarly journals Tourist perceptions and attitudes regarding the impacts of climate change on Victoria Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (47) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitano Dube ◽  
Godwell Nhamo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Product Diversification ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Tourism Product ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Future Viability ◽  
Victoria Falls ◽  
The Impact

AbstractTourist perceptions are critical in shaping tourism development at a destination. Regardless of the centrality and vulnerability of the tourism industry, tourism geographers have been shying away from perception studies, and more so in Africa. Some of the destinations most vulnerable to climate change and related weather activities are water-based natural resorts. Recent droughts have ignited an intense debate that has brought the future viability of tourism in Victoria Falls into question. Using a mixed-method approach, the study sought to document tourist perceptions and attitudes regarding the impact and future of the Victoria Falls World Heritage Site. It emerged that Victoria Falls is categorised as a last-chance tourism destination. Going forward there is need for continuous resort monitoring, tourism product diversification, and transparency and proper communication, particularly during years of extreme droughts, in order to avoid tourism disruption. Climate change action is a must for all tourism stakeholders to save the resort.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Migration: Adapting to Crisis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Surendra Singh ◽  
Alka Singh ◽  
C. B. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Permanent Migration ◽  
And Migration

The present study is attempted to identify the determinants of migration in India. The National Sample Survey data of 64th round (July 2007-June 2008) was used and decoded to elicit household-level information. A multi-criteria approach was adapted to the analysis of the data. The study’s findings revealed that about 70% of migrated people are illiterate, while 57% of migrated people were agricultural laborers. The multi-criteria analysis results for permanent migration revealed that farmers belong to the rural area, having a land size less than two hectares, belonging to the Hindu religion, are likely to migrate permanently. Also, illiteracy, marital status, low consumption expenditure in rural areas, rainfall, and minimum temperature motivate farmer’s decision to adopt migration as an ultimate coping strategy against climate change. As far as grass-root policy interventions are concern, it is suggested that in rural areas, where unemployment has the main driver for migration, a proactive social protection programme, i.e., MGNREGA can be part of a proactive approach to managing climate-induced migration. Climate change as a cause of migration is uncertain and contextual. This necessitates the inclusivity of local populations in decision-making wherein their perceptions and responses are democratically represented and not merely channeled into participatory processes.

scholarly journals Diversification of Farmer Income in West Java

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Adhitya Wardhana ◽  
Reni Tri Handayani ◽  
Eksa Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
West Java ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Impact

<p>Agricultural land has decreased the impact on farmers in meeting their needs. The transition to agriculture complicates industry in its effort to meet the needs of farmers. Another issue, climate change will disrupt plant crops that will result in inefficient farming. Farming inefficiencies are a reason for farmers to diversify. This study was based on a micro data survey data of agricultural enterprise household income in the Regencies / Cities of West Java on a household level. Limits of household income diversification of farming is when the household has to venture outside the agricultural sector or one of the cores and the sources of income comes from salaries / wages of laborers / employees outside the agricultural sector. The results showed that with the increasing age of the household head the diversity decreases, the higher the education of the head of household the more it encourages the diversification of income, the more the additional land area increases diversification, the easier access to credit for adding revenue diversification, increasing the income of farmers that tend not to diversify, the more houses and stairs in school which support farmers to diversify, the more productive the household income lowers with diversification.</p><p><br />JEL Classification: D31, O12, O13<br />Keywords: Climate Change, Diversify, Diversity of Income, Farming, Inefficiency</p>

scholarly journals Acts of the international union for conservation of nature: potential for the protection of the ecosystem of the Baikal natural territory

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
R. Yu. Kolobov ◽  
◽  
Ya. B. Ditsevich ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
International Union ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
Natural Territory

Within the framework of the project of building the concept of international legal protection of Lake Baikal, supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the analysis of acts and activities of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (hereinafter-IUCN; organization), promising for strength-World Heritage site “Lake Baikal”. The documents developed in the IUCN system on climate change (the manual “Adaptation to Climate Change”) are analyzed. Some of the conclusions of this document are extrapolated to the problems of protecting the Baikal ecosystem.

EXIM Bank’s Rampal Project Financing Dilemma

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (02) ◽  
pp. 237-271
Author(s):  
D. Satish
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Project Financing ◽  
Heritage Site ◽  
The Sundarbans

Export Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank) had agreed to finance a US$1.62 billion debt which constituted 70% of the capital needed to construct a controversial 1320 MW coal-based thermal power plant in Rampal, Bangladesh. The plant was located within 14 km of the Sundarbans, recognized by UNESCO as a world heritage site. According to environmentalists, the construction and operation of this plant would give rise to serious environmental, social, and governance issues which would have an adverse, irreversible, and unprecedented effect on the Sundarbans and its people. Amidst growing pressure from activists, Yaduvendra Mathur, Chairman and Managing Director of EXIM Bank, has to take a call on whether to go ahead with financing the project or not. The decision will not only involve assessing the financial impact of the Rampal exposure on the bank given the risks associated with the project, but also involve evaluating issues relating to financing fossil fuel exposure at a time when the financial community has taken climate change seriously and is decarbonizing its portfolios while investing in clean energy.

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