Low Cost IoT-Based Smart Wheelchair for Type-2 Diabetes and Spine-Disorder Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 855-862
Author(s):  
Sayanti Dutta ◽  
Anusha Chaudhuri ◽  
Arindam Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Wheelchair

Metformin: Up to Date

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Sciannimanico ◽  
Franco Grimaldi ◽  
Fabio Vescini ◽  
Giovanni De Pergola ◽  
Massimo Iacoviello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Mesh Terms

Background: Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent extensively used as first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes. It improves hyperglycemia by suppressing hepatic glucose production and increasing glucose uptake in muscles. Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and shows a beneficial effect on weight control. Besides its metabolic positive effects, Metformin has direct effects on inflammation and can have immunomodulatory and antineoplastic properties. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the up-to-date evidence from the current literature about the metabolic and non-metabolic effects of Metformin. Methods: We reviewed the current literature dealing with different effects and properties of Metformin and current recommendations about the use of this drug. We identified keywords and MeSH terms in Pubmed and the terms Metformin and type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, pregnancy, heart failure, PCOS, etc, were searched, selecting only significant original articles and review in English, in particular of the last five years. Conclusion: Even if many new effective hypoglycemic agents have been launched in the market in the last few years, Metformin would always keep a place in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and its comorbidities because of its multiple positive effects and low cost.

scholarly journals Low-cost exercise interventions improve long-term cardiometabolic health independently of a family history of type 2 diabetes: a randomized parallel group trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001377
Author(s):  
Niko S Wasenius ◽  
Bo A Isomaa ◽  
Bjarne Östman ◽  
Johan Söderström ◽  
Björn Forsén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
History Of

IntroductionTo investigate the effect of an exercise prescription and a 1-year supervised exercise intervention, and the modifying effect of the family history of type 2 diabetes (FH), on long-term cardiometabolic health.Research design and methodsFor this prospective randomized trial, we recruited non-diabetic participants with poor fitness (n=1072, 30–70 years). Participants were randomly assigned with stratification for FH either in the exercise prescription group (PG, n=144) or the supervised exercise group (EG, n=146) group and compared with a matched control group from the same population study (CON, n=782). The PG and EG received exercise prescriptions. In addition, the EG attended supervised exercise sessions two times a week for 60 min for 12 months. Cardiometabolic risk factors were measured at baseline, 1 year, 5 years, and 6 years. The CON group received no intervention and was measured at baseline and 6 years.ResultsThe EG reduced their body weight, waist circumference, diastolic blood pressure, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) but not physical fitness (p=0.074) or insulin or glucose regulation (p>0.1) compared with the PG at 1 year and 5 years (p≤0.011). The observed differences were attenuated at 6 years; however, participants in the both intervention groups significantly improved their blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and insulin sensitivity compared with the population controls (p≤0.003). FH modified LDL-C and waist circumference responses to exercise at 1 year and 5 years.ConclusionsLow-cost physical activity programs have long-term beneficial effects on cardiometabolic health regardless of the FH of diabetes. Given the feasibility and low cost of these programs, they should be advocated to promote cardiometabolic health.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02131701.

scholarly journals Recruitment, retention, and training of people with type 2 diabetes as diabetes prevention mentors (DPM) to support a healthcare professional-delivered diabetes prevention program: the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e000619
Author(s):  
Nikki J Garner ◽  
Melanie Pascale ◽  
Kalman France ◽  
Clare Ferns ◽  
Allan Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prevention Program ◽  
Diabetes Prevention ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diabetes Prevention Program ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Effective Prevention

ObjectiveIntensive lifestyle interventions reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes in populations at highest risk, but staffing levels are usually unable to meet the challenge of delivering effective prevention strategies to a very large at-risk population. Training volunteers with existing type 2 diabetes to support healthcare professionals deliver lifestyle interventions is an attractive option.MethodsWe identified 141 973 people at highest risk of diabetes in the East of England, screened 12 778, and randomized 1764 into a suite of type 2 diabetes prevention and screen detected type 2 diabetes management trials. A key element of the program tested the value of volunteers with type 2 diabetes, trained to act as diabetes prevention mentors (DPM) when added to an intervention arm delivered by healthcare professionals trained to support participant lifestyle change.ResultsWe invited 9951 people with type 2 diabetes to become DPM and 427 responded (4.3%). Of these, 356 (83.3%) were interviewed by phone, and of these 131 (36.8%) were interviewed in person. We then appointed 104 of these 131 interviewed applicants (79%) to the role (mean age 62 years, 55% (n=57) male). All DPMs volunteered for a total of 2895 months, and made 6879 telephone calls to 461 randomized participants. Seventy-six (73%) DPMs volunteered for at least 6 months and 66 (73%) for at least 1 year.DiscussionIndividuals with type 2 diabetes can be recruited, trained and retained as DPM in large numbers to support a group-based diabetes prevention program delivered by healthcare professionals. This volunteer model is low cost, and accesses the large type 2 diabetes population that shares a lifestyle experience with the target population. This is an attractive model for supporting diabetes prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Prototype for Type 2 Diabetes Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Javier Ferney Castillo García ◽  
Jesús Hamilton Ortiz ◽  
Osamah Ibrahim Khalaf ◽  
Adrián David Valencia Hernández ◽  
Luis Carlos Rodríguez Timaná
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Electrical Bioimpedance ◽  
Artificial Learning ◽  
Learning Machine

The present work demonstrates the design and implementation of a human-safe, portable, noninvasive device capable of predicting type 2 diabetes, using electrical bioimpedance and biometric features to train an artificial learning machine using an active learning algorithm based on population selection. In addition, there is an API with a graphical interface that allows the prediction and storage of data when the characteristics of the person are sent. The results obtained show an accuracy higher than 90% with statistical significance ( p  < 0.05). The Kappa coefficient values were higher than 0.9, showing that the device has a good predictive capacity which would allow the screening process of type 2 diabetes. This development contributes to preventive medicine and makes it possible to determine at a low cost, comfortably, without medical preparation, and in less than 2 minutes whether a person has type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Metformin Action

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Traci E LaMoia ◽  
Gerald I Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Hepatic Gluconeogenesis ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Abstract Metformin is a first-line therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, due to its robust glucose-lowering effects, well-established safety profile, and relatively low cost. While metformin has been shown to have pleotropic effects on glucose metabolism, there is a general consensus that the major glucose-lowering effect in patients with type 2 diabetes is mostly mediated through inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis. However, despite decades of research, the mechanism by which metformin inhibits this process is still highly debated. A key reason for these discrepant effects is likely due to the inconsistency in dosage of metformin across studies. Widely studied mechanisms of action, such as complex I inhibition leading to AMPK activation, have only been observed in the context of supra-pharmacological (&gt;1 mM) metformin concentrations, which do not occur in the clinical setting. Thus, these mechanisms have been challenged in recent years and new mechanisms have been proposed. Based on the observation that metformin alters cellular redox balance, a redox-dependent mechanism of action has been described by several groups. Recent studies have shown that clinically relevant (50-100 μM) concentrations of metformin inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in a substrate-selective manner both in vitro and in vivo, supporting a redox-dependent mechanism of metformin action. Here, we review the current literature regarding metformin’s cellular and molecular mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals Remogliflozin: the new low cost SGLT-2 inhibitor for type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Atal ◽  
Zeenat Fatima ◽  
Sakshi Singh ◽  
Sadasivam Balakrishnan ◽  
Rajnish Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Not there yet: using data-driven methods to predict who becomes costly among low-cost patients with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Lauffenburger ◽  
Mufaddal Mahesri ◽  
Niteesh K. Choudhry
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals A Comparison of Screening Tools for the Early Detection of Peripheral Neuropathy in Adults with and without Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Brown ◽  
Shana L. Pribesh ◽  
Kimberly G. Baskette ◽  
Aaron I. Vinik ◽  
Sheri R. Colberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
The Right ◽  
Design And Methods

Objective. Examine the effectiveness of the 128 Hz tuning fork, two monofilaments, and Norfolk Quality of Life Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) questionnaire as tools for the early detection of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in overweight, obese, and inactive (OOI) adults or those who have prediabetes (PD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Research Design and Methods. Thirty-four adults (mean age 58.4 years ± 12.1) were divided by glycemia (10 OOI normoglycemic, 13 PD, and 11 T2D). Sural nerves were tested bilaterally with the NC-stat DPNCheck to determine sural nerve amplitude potential (SNAP) and sural nerve conduction velocity (SNCV). All other testing results were compared to SNAP and SNCV. Results. Total 1 g monofilament scores significantly correlated with SNAP values and yielded the highest sensitivity and specificity combinations of tested measures. Total QOL-DN scores negatively correlated with SNAP values, as did QOL-DN symptoms. QOL-DN activities of daily living correlated with the right SNAP, and the QOL-DN small fiber subscore correlated with SNCV. Conclusions. The 1 g monofilament and total QOL-DN are effective, low-cost tools for the early detection of DPN in OOI, PD, and T2D adults. The 128 Hz tuning fork and 10 g monofilament may assist DPN screening as a tandem, but not primary, early DPN detection screening tools.

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