Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushrooms for Production of Valuable Bioactive Metabolites

Bioactive metabolites isolated from medicinal mushrooms (MM) used as supportive treatment in conventional oncology have recently gained interest. Acting as anticancer agents, they interfere with tumor cells and microenvironment (TME), disturbing cancer development/progression. Nonetheless, their action mechanisms still need to be elucidated. Recently, using a 4T1 triple-negative mouse BC model, we demonstrated that supplementation with Micotherapy U-Care, a MM blend, produced a striking reduction of lung metastases density/number, paralleled by decreased inflammation and oxidative stress both in TME and metastases, together with QoL amelioration. We hypothesized that these effects could be due to either a direct anticancer effect and/or to a secondary/indirect impact of Micotherapy U-Care on systemic inflammation/immunomodulation. To address this question, we presently focused on apoptosis/proliferation, investigating specific molecules, i.e., PARP1, p53, BAX, Bcl2, and PCNA, whose critical role in BC is well recognized. We revealed that Micotherapy U-Care is effective to influence balance between cell death and proliferation, which appeared strictly interconnected and inversely related (p53/Bax vs. Bcl2/PARP1/PCNA expression trends). MM blend displayed a direct effect, with different efficacy extent on cancer cells and TME, forcing tumor cells to apoptosis. Yet again, this study supports the potential of MM extracts, as adjuvant supplement in the TNBC management.

Download Full-text

Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushrooms: Bioprocesses and Products (Review)

International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

10.1615/intjmedmushr.v14.i3.10 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 211-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 55

Author(s):

Vladimir Elisashvili

Keyword(s):

Submerged Cultivation ◽

Medicinal Mushrooms

Download Full-text

The biotechnology of higher fungi - current state and perspectives

Folia Biologica et Oecologica ◽

10.2478/fobio-2014-0010 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 49-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jadwiga Turło

Keyword(s):

Fungal Biomass ◽

Review Article ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Submerged Cultivation ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Current State ◽

Biotechnological Processes ◽

Cultivation Methods

This review article concisely describes methodology of biotechnological processes with the use of cultures of higher fungi, their application in bioremediation and to obtain biologically active preparations. Advantages and disadvantages of biotechnological methods used to cultivate mushrooms are analyzed. This paper contains overview of higher fungi species most commonly used in biotechnological processes, of cultivation methods applied to produce fungal biomass, of enzymes and bioactive metabolites and of the strategies for submerged cultivation of the mycelial cultures. The problems of optimization of strains and biotechnological processes are briefly discussed.

Download Full-text

Bioprocess Optimization for Exopolysaccharides Production by Ganoderma lucidum in Semi-industrial Scale

Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculturee ◽

10.2174/2212798411666200316153148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 211-218

Author(s):

Ramzy Abd Alsaheb ◽

Koh Zwin Zjeh ◽

Roslinda Abd Malek ◽

Jaafar Kamil Abdullah ◽

Ashraf El Baz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Product Yield ◽

Submerged Cultivation ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Different Types ◽

Cultivation Strategy ◽

Closed Cultivation System

Background: For many years, Ganoderma was highly considered as biofactory for the production of different types of bioactive metabolites. Of these bioactive compounds, polysaccharides gained much attention based on their high biotherapeutic properties. Therefore, special attention has been paid during the last years for the production of mushrooms bioactive compounds in a closed cultivation system to shorten the cultivation time and increase the product yield. Objective: This work focuses on the development of a simple cultivation strategy for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production using Ganoderma lucidum and submerged cultivation system. Results and Discussion: Therefore, this work is focused on the development of simple cultivation system for exopolysaccharides (EPS) production using Ganoderman lucidum. At first, the best medium supporting EPS production was chosen experimentally from the current published data. Second, like many EPS production process, carbon and nitrogen concentrations were optimized to support the highest production of polysaccharides in shake flask level. Furthermore, the process was scaled up in 16-L stirred tank bioreactor. The results clearly demonstrated that the best cultivation strategy was cultivation under controlled pH condition (pH 5.5). Under this condition the maximal volumetric and specific yield of EPS production were, 5.0 g/L and 0.42 g/g, respectively. Methods: For many years, Ganoderma was highly considered as biofactory for the production of different types of bioactive metabolites. Of these bioactive compounds, polysaccharides gained much attention based on their high biotherapeutic properties. Therefore, special attention has been paid during the last years for the production of mushrooms bioactive compounds in a closed cultivation system to shorten the cultivation time and increase the product yield. Conclusion: The current results clearly demonstrates the high potential use of submerged cultivation system as alternative to conventional solid state fermentation for EPS production by G. lucidum. Furthermore, optimization of both carbon and nitrogen sources concentration and scaling up of the process showed significant increase in both volumetric and specific EPS production.

Download Full-text

Influence of Selenium Biofortification on the Growth and Bioactive Metabolites of Ganoderma lucidum

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10081860 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1860

Author(s):

Mengmeng Xu ◽

Song Zhu ◽

Lingling Wang ◽

Zhiyi Wei ◽

Liting Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Ganoderma Lucidum ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

High Performance ◽

Liquid Culture ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

Low Selenium

Selenium biofortification of edible and medicinal mushrooms is an effective way to produce selenium-enriched food supplements. Ganoderma lucidum is the typical one with excellent biological activity. This study investigated G. lucidum growth and bioactive metabolites alterations during liquid culture with different concentrations of selenite. Low selenium levels did not affect growth and mycelia morphology, whereas high selenium levels negatively influenced growth, dramatically decreased biomass, caused nucleic acid and protein leakage, damaged cell walls and membranes, and resulted in indicators such as degraded cells, a red color, and an unpleasant odor. Through headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis, ten volatile Se compounds were identified in G. lucidum with 200 ppm selenite, which led to an odor change, whereas only three with 50 ppm selenite. SeMet was the major selenoamino acid in the 50 ppm selenite group by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS), but more MeSeCys was produced with 200 ppm selenite. Polysaccharide yields were promoted and inhibited with 50 and 200 ppm selenite, respectively. These results provide comprehensive insights into the effects of selenite on G. lucidum in liquid culture and are beneficial for functional selenium-enriched mushroom production and improving nutritive values.

Download Full-text

BIOACTIVE METABOLITES WITH PHARMACOLOGICAL POTENTIAL FROM MEDICINAL MUSHROOMS

International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences ◽

10.31032/ijbpas/2020/9.2.4916 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

Pharmacological Potential

Download Full-text

Current Knowledge of Medicinal Mushrooms Related to Anti-Oxidant Properties

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13147948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 7948

Author(s):

Shifa Shaffique ◽

Sang-Mo Kang ◽

Ah-Yeong Kim ◽

Muhammad Imran ◽

Muhammad Aaqil Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Medicinal Mushrooms ◽

Primary And Secondary Metabolites ◽

Health Dimension ◽

Cellular Components ◽

Sustainable Health ◽

Promising Source

Background: A renewed focus on medicinal mushrooms has brought forth a sustainable health dimension. Conventional health strategies are insufficiently integrated with sustainable health promotion. The health-promoting outcome of mushrooms has fascinated many groups during the past few years because of various primary and secondary metabolites in different cellular components. They contain many bioactive metabolites, including proteins (cytokines, ergothioneine), fibers, moisture, carbohydrates (uronic acid), folate, thiamine, ascorbic acid, vitamin D, calcium, potassium, polysaccharides (G. lucidum polysaccharides, alpha and beta glucans, and lentinan) polyketides, polyphenols (Protocatechuic acid, inonoblins A–vanillic acid, phelligridins D, E, and G, hydroxybenzoic acid, gallic acid, tannic acid, hispidine, gentisic acid, and tocopherol), nucleotides (adenosine, cordycepin), lovastatin, steroids, alkaloids, and sesquiterpenes. Objective: This study was conducted to gather information on the current knowledge of medicinal mushrooms, with respect to their antioxidant properties. Conclusions: The results indicated that mushrooms are a promising source of natural antioxidants. Of all mushrooms, the Ganoderma tsugae Murill exhibited an excellent antioxidant potential of 93.7–100% at 20 mg/mL.

Download Full-text