Modeling the role of viral disease in recurrent phytoplankton blooms

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 857-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Beltrami ◽  
T.O. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms

Plasma therapy a possible hope to fight against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikant Piyush ◽  
Aroni Chatterjee ◽  
Shashikant Ray
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Game Changer

The world is currently going through a disastrous event and a catastrophic upheaval caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has resulted in loss of more than 150000 deaths across the globe. Originating from China and spreading across all continents within a short span of time, it has become a matter of international emergency. Different agencies are adopting diverse approaches to stop and spread of this viral disease but still now nothing confirmatory has come up. Due to lack of vaccines and proper therapeutic drugs, the disease is still spreading like wild fire without control. An Old but very promising method- the convalescent plasma therapy could be the key therapy to stop this pandemic. This method has already proven its mettle on several occasions previously and has been found to be effective in curing the pandemics induced by Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same group of β-Coronavirus that has resulted in the above diseases. Therefore, the role of plasma therapy is being explored for treatment of this disease. In this review, we have mainly focused on the role of convalescent plasma therapy and why its use should be promoted in fight against COVID-19, as it could turn out to be a game changer.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Mario Dioguardi ◽  
Angela Pia Cazzolla ◽  
Claudia Arena ◽  
Diego Sovereto ◽  
Giorgia Apollonia Caloro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.

Role of wind in regulating phytoplankton blooms on the Mid-Atlantic Bight

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. S26-S35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Xu ◽  
B. Cahill ◽  
J. Wilkin ◽  
O. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Phytoplankton Blooms

scholarly journals Role of Radiologic Computed Tomography in Evaluating Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mwahib Sayed Ahmed Aldosh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
The Common

Objective: Coronavirus (Covid 19) is a dangerous viral disease that principally targets the respiratory system of human beings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significant effects resulting from Covid19 using radiologic CT scanning technology. Methods: The recent study was conducted in order to evaluate covid19 among the local public. The sample size for this study consisted of two hundred and thirty (230) patients diagnosed with coronavirus and underwent a chest computed tomography scan. The study was conducted at Najran city, between the period from September to December 2020. Results: The results showed that it is possible to diagnose the complications of coronavirus that affects the respiratory tract in an accurate manner using chest CT imaging and the main results revealed that coronavirus COVID-19 affected all, but males more than female. (50-60) Age group was the big distribution while acute respiratory failure is the most common clinical etiology. The CT scan findings revealed that bilateral pneumonia was the common complication with a high incidence rate of 32% percent and blood coagulation achieved 5% percent as the minimum distribution result. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CT scans in assessing COVID-19 was significantly high, it has the efficiency to assess complications of COVID-19 in an accurate manner, and therefore it has been proposed to use CT scan as a complementary method in covid-19 diagnosis. More studies on coronavirus disease were recommended by the author.

scholarly journals The Central Role of Non-Structural Protein 1 (NS1) in Influenza Biology and Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nícia Rosário-Ferreira ◽  
António J. Preto ◽  
Rita Melo ◽  
Irina S. Moreira ◽  
Rui M. M. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Structural Protein ◽  
Human Respiratory Tract ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

Influenza (flu) is a contagious viral disease, which targets the human respiratory tract and spreads throughout the world each year. Every year, influenza infects around 10% of the world population and between 290,000 and 650,000 people die from it according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and have a negative sense eight-segment single-stranded RNA genome that encodes 11 different proteins. The only control over influenza seasonal epidemic outbreaks around the world are vaccines, annually updated according to viral strains in circulation, but, because of high rates of mutation and recurrent genetic assortment, new viral strains of influenza are constantly emerging, increasing the likelihood of pandemics. Vaccination effectiveness is limited, calling for new preventive and therapeutic approaches and a better understanding of the virus–host interactions. In particular, grasping the role of influenza non-structural protein 1 (NS1) and related known interactions in the host cell is pivotal to better understand the mechanisms of virus infection and replication, and thus propose more effective antiviral approaches. In this review, we assess the structure of NS1, its dynamics, and multiple functions and interactions, to highlight the central role of this protein in viral biology and its potential use as an effective therapeutic target to tackle seasonal and pandemic influenza.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of High‐Frequency Winds and Sea Ice Loss on Arctic Phytoplankton Blooms in an Ice‐Ocean‐Biogeochemical Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 2728-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Castro de la Guardia ◽  
Y. Garcia‐Quintana ◽  
M. Claret ◽  
X. Hu ◽  
E. D. Galbraith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Ocean Biogeochemical Model

scholarly journals 88 Role of toll like receptors in post viral disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. S49-S50
Author(s):  
R.W. Finberg ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
D.R. Asher
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Toll Like Receptors

scholarly journals Expression of the Potato Leafroll Virus ORF0 Induces Viral-Disease-like Symptoms in Transgenic Potato Plants

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank van der Wilk ◽  
Petra Houterman ◽  
Jos Molthoff ◽  
Fabienne Hans ◽  
Ben Dekker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Transgenic Potato ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Host Recognition ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Potato Plants ◽  
Potato Leafroll Luteovirus ◽  
Leafroll Virus

The role of the open reading frame 0 (ORF0) of luteoviruses in the viral infection cycle has not been resolved, although the translation product (p28) of this ORF has been suggested to play a role in host recognition. To investigate the function of the potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) p28 protein, transgenic potato plants were produced containing the ORF0. In the lines in which the ORF0 transcripts could be detected by Northern (RNA) analysis, the plants displayed an altered phenotype resembling virus-infected plants. A positive correlation was observed between levels of accumulation of the transgenic transcripts and severity of the phenotypic aberrations observed. In contrast, potato plants transformed with a modified, untranslatable ORF0 sequence were phenotypically indistinguishable from wild-type control plants. These results suggest that the p28 protein is involved in viral symptom expression. Southern blot analysis showed that the transgenic plants that accumulated low levels of ORF0 transcripts detectable only by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, contained methylated ORF0 DNA sequences, indicating down-regulation of the transgene provoked by the putatively unfavorable effects p28 causes in the plant cell.

scholarly journals The importance of phytoplankton trait variability in spring bloom formation

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1908-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra M. Lewandowska ◽  
Maren Striebel ◽  
Ulrike Feudel ◽  
Helmut Hillebrand ◽  
Ulrich Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Spring Bloom ◽  
Phytoplankton Bloom ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Bloom Formation ◽  
Alternative Hypotheses ◽  
Phytoplankton Traits ◽  
Trait Variability

Abstract About 60 years ago, the critical depth hypothesis was proposed to describe the occurrence of spring phytoplankton blooms and emphasized the role of stratification for the timing of onset. Since then, several alternative hypotheses appeared focusing on the role of grazing and mixing processes such as turbulent convection or wind activity. Surprisingly, the role of community composition—and thus the distribution of phytoplankton traits—for bloom formation has not been addressed. Here, we discuss how trait variability between competing species might influence phytoplankton growth during the onset of the spring bloom. We hypothesize that the bloom will only occur if there are species with a combination of traits fitting to the environmental conditions at the respective location and time. The basic traits for formation of the typical spring bloom are high growth rates and photoadaptation to low light conditions, but other traits such as nutrient kinetics and grazing resistance might also be important. We present concise ideas on how to test our theoretical considerations experimentally. Furthermore, we suggest that future models of phytoplankton blooms should include both water column dynamics and variability of phytoplankton traits to make realistic projections instead of treating the phytoplankton bloom as an aggregate community phenomenon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document