scholarly journals Role of Radiologic Computed Tomography in Evaluating Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mwahib Sayed Ahmed Aldosh
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
The Common

Objective: Coronavirus (Covid 19) is a dangerous viral disease that principally targets the respiratory system of human beings. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the significant effects resulting from Covid19 using radiologic CT scanning technology. Methods: The recent study was conducted in order to evaluate covid19 among the local public. The sample size for this study consisted of two hundred and thirty (230) patients diagnosed with coronavirus and underwent a chest computed tomography scan. The study was conducted at Najran city, between the period from September to December 2020. Results: The results showed that it is possible to diagnose the complications of coronavirus that affects the respiratory tract in an accurate manner using chest CT imaging and the main results revealed that coronavirus COVID-19 affected all, but males more than female. (50-60) Age group was the big distribution while acute respiratory failure is the most common clinical etiology. The CT scan findings revealed that bilateral pneumonia was the common complication with a high incidence rate of 32% percent and blood coagulation achieved 5% percent as the minimum distribution result. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the CT scans in assessing COVID-19 was significantly high, it has the efficiency to assess complications of COVID-19 in an accurate manner, and therefore it has been proposed to use CT scan as a complementary method in covid-19 diagnosis. More studies on coronavirus disease were recommended by the author.

Role of Chyavanprashas a Rasayana in combating an outbreak of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Rajni Kamlakar Gurmule
Keyword(s):  
Causative Factor ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Better Than

Today the whole world is suffering from the most dreadful disease that is Covid 19. The Causative factor for COVID 19 is SARS-COV2. It was ϑirst noticed in Wuhan city of China. World Health Organisation declared the fatality of this disease as a pandemic. This disease has become a problem of great concern globally. This virus targets the respiratory system of human beings. There is a high incidence of person to person transmission of this disease through contact. However, there is also a signiϑicant role in innate immunity in pathogenesis and management of this disease. The whole world is seeking for ϑlawless control of this viral disease. Ayurveda is a holistic science. Its aim is not only on the cure of diseases but also on its prevention. It emphasises mainly on healthy life of an individual. There is a wide range of principles described in Ayurveda which are used to combat disease from its root. Rasayana Chikista is a useful principle of Ayurveda, beneϑicial for management and prevention of many diseases. It is always said that “prevention is better than cure”. Chyavanprash is one of the well known Rasayana. Contents of Chyavanprash shows a wide range of actions on respiratory diseases as well as on boosting immunity. These properties of it provoke us to review the role of Chyavanprash in the prevention of Covid 19, thereby increasing one’s immune response. This Chyavanaprash can be a boon in the prevention of Covid 19 by improving immunity against it.

Incidence of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic brain biopsy

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhaya V. Kulkarni ◽  
Abhijit Guha ◽  
Andres Lozano ◽  
Mark Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Neurological Deficit ◽  
Stereotactic Biopsy ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Stereotactic Brain Biopsy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Many neurosurgeons routinely obtain computerized tomography (CT) scans to rule out hemorrhage in patients after stereotactic procedures. In the present prospective study, the authors investigated the rate of silent hemorrhage and delayed deterioration after stereotactic biopsy sampling and the role of postbiopsy CT scanning. Methods. A subset of patients (the last 102 of approximately 800 patients) who underwent stereotactic brain biopsies at the Toronto Hospital prospectively underwent routine postoperative CT scanning within hours of the biopsy procedure. Their medical charts and CT scans were then reviewed. A postoperative CT scan was obtained in 102 patients (aged 17–87 years) who underwent stereotactic biopsy between June 1994 and September 1996. Sixty-one patients (59.8%) exhibited hemorrhages, mostly intracerebral (54.9%), on the immediate postoperative scan. Only six of these patients were clinically suspected to have suffered a hemorrhage based on immediate postoperative neurological deficit; in the remaining 55 (53.9%) of 102 patients, the hemorrhage was clinically silent and unsuspected. Among the clinically silent intracerebral hemorrhages, 22 measured less than 5 mm, 20 between 5 and 10 mm, five between 10 and 30 mm, and four between 30 and 40 mm. Of the 55 patients with clinically silent hemorrhages, only three demonstrated a delayed neurological deficit (one case of seizure and two cases of progressive loss of consciousness) and these all occurred within the first 2 postoperative days. Of the neurologically well patients in whom no hemorrhage was demonstrated on initial postoperative CT scan, none experienced delayed deterioration. Conclusions. Clinically silent hemorrhage after stereotactic biopsy is very common. However, the authors did not find that knowledge of its existence ultimately affected individual patient management or outcome. The authors, therefore, suggest that the most important role of postoperative CT scanning is to screen for those neurologically well patients with no hemorrhage. These patients could safely be discharged on the same day they underwent biopsy.

scholarly journals The role of lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage when computed tomography is unavailable

CJEM ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Mann
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Uncommon Condition ◽  
Noncontrast Computed Tomography ◽  
Acute Headache ◽  
Interpretation Of Results

ABSTRACTSubarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an important but uncommon condition in the differential diagnosis of acute headache. Most authorities recommend that patients with suspected SAH undergo noncontrast computed tomography (CT) as a first diagnostic intervention. If the results of the CT scan are negative, a lumbar puncture should be performed. Many nonurban Canadian hospitals do not have CT scanners and must either transfer patients or consider performing lumbar puncture prior to CT. In selected patients, performing lumbar puncture first may be an option, but timing of the procedure and the interpretation of results is important.

Therapeutic effects of boronate ester cross-linked injectable hydrogels for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Min Jung ◽  
Seong Han Kim ◽  
V. H. Giang Phan ◽  
Thavasyappan Thambi ◽  
Doo Sung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Injectable Hydrogels ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Incidence Rate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels

Hepatocellular carcinoma is the common malignant with a high incidence rate and responsible for the highest cause of cancer-related deaths. Herein, we developed a thermo-responsive hydrogels comprised of poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(ε-caprolactone-co-lactide...

The Mediating Effect of Material Cultures as Human Hybridization

2011 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
L. Magnani
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Distributed Cognition ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Survival And Reproduction ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Common

We already are hybrid humans, fruit of a kind of co-evolution of both our brains and the common, scientific, social, and moral knowledge we have produced by ourselves, starting from the birth of material culture with our ancestors until the recent effects generated by the whole field of information and communication technologies (ICTs). We all are constitutively natural born cyborgs; that is, biotechnological hybrid minds. Our minds should not be considered to be located only in the head; human beings have solved their problems of survival and reproduction, distributing cognitive and ethical functions to external nonbiological sources, props, and aids, which originate cultures. This chapter also illustrates the interplay between cultures and distributed cognition, taking advantage of the so-called disembodiment of mind, and stresses the problem of the co-evolution between brains and cultures. The second part of the chapter is related to the analysis of the interplay between cultures and cognition and of some consequences concerning the problem of intercultural communication in light of the role of moral mediators, docility, and cyberprivacy. Finally, I discuss some suggestions concerning the problem of what I call the principle of isolation of cultures, with respect to the effects of ICTs.

scholarly journals Role of Computed Tomography In Evaluation of Patients With History of Chronic Headache

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Sanju Rawal ◽  
Sadhan Mukhi ◽  
Sandip Subedi ◽  
Surendra Maharjan
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Chronic Headache ◽  
Lesion Detection ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Ct Findings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
History Of

INTRODUCTION: Headache is one of the universal experience and one of the most common symptom in medical practice. It is most frequently suffered illness by human beings. As much as 90 percent of individuals have at least one episode of headache each year and severe headache is reported to occur at least annually in 40 percent of the population. Population based estimates suggest that about 4 percent of adults have daily or near daily headache. Since majority of patients who present with chronic or recurrent headache have no significant intracranial abnormalities to be detected on neuroimaging. The main objective of our study was to obtain socio demographic status of patients presenting with history of chronic headache and to assess the role of CT scan in evaluation of such patients presenting to radiology department from various departments of Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with complaints of chronic headache and referred to Department of Radiology from August 2013 to April 2014 were included in the study. Total of 193 cases were included. Intravenous contrast medium was given in all 193 cases. Patients were divided into two groups with normal and abnormal CT findings. Results were tabulated and analyzed for the diagnostic yield from imaging in evaluation of patient with history of chronic headache. RESULTS: Out of 193 patients, 182 had normal CT (94.31%) and 11(5.69%) had abnormal CT findings. Contrast enhanced CT scans did not improve lesion detection .Out of 11 abnormal CT findings 3 of them had intracranial space occupying lesion, 3 had calcified granuloma, 2 of them had sinusitis, 1 had hydrocephalus, 1 cerebral atrophy and 1 with persistent cavum septum pellucidum. CONCLUSION: The proportion of intracranial abnormalities detected by CT in patients with history of chronic headache in this study was similar to that of previous studies. This corroborates the evidence that the ability of CT scan in detecting intracranial pathology is low in patient with chronic headache with exclusion of any neurological abnormality.

HSR19-110: Predicting Candidates for Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC: The Role of Computed Tomography and Diagnostic Laparoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3.5) ◽  
pp. HSR19-110
Author(s):  
Leigh Selesner ◽  
Gabrielle Gauvin ◽  
Dorotea Mutabdzic ◽  
Eileen O’Halloran ◽  
Maxwell Kilcoyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Interval Time ◽  
Final Pathology ◽  
Median Interval

Introduction: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS/HIPEC) has led to improved survival in select patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. Predicting the volume of disease and any unresectable disease is important for determining CS candidacy. Computed tomography (CT) scan is the preoperative assessment of choice, and diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) is also supported in the literature but has not been widely adopted. In this study, we report our experience comparing and evaluating the role of imaging and DL in the preoperative assessment of patients being considered for CS/HIPEC. Methods: Patients considered for CS/HIPEC at our tertiary cancer center between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. Diagnostic modality sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparing findings on CT scan and DL to findings at the time of laparotomy and on final pathology. Specificity and sensitivity of the 2 modalities were compared using the McNemar Chi-square test. Results: Our analysis included 71 patients (60.5% male, mean age of 54.9) seen in consultation for CS/HIPEC. Primary cancer diagnosis was 57.7% colorectal cancer, 25.4% pseudomyxoma peritonei, 8.5% mesothelioma, and 8.5% adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. DL was done in 42.3% of patients (median time of 30 days between CT and DL) and an open procedure was done directly after CT in 39.4% (median interval time of 39 days). Findings of DL identified 70% as being unresectable and hence ineligible for HIPEC. The median interval time between 2 operations was 29 days (range, 16–42). When comparing diagnostic modalities to open surgery and final pathology, CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 48.2% and 76.4% and DL, 68.2% and 88.9%, respectively. DL was significantly more sensitive and specific than CT (χ2=5.54; P<.0186) at predicting ascites, small bowel, omental, liver, and lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Our results support the recommendation for performing DL prior to open exploration in patients considered for CS/HIPEC. In our cohort, DL was significantly more sensitive and specific than CT in predicting disease volume and distribution. While there is obviously greater risk to an invasive modality compared to non-invasive CT scan, routine performance of DL can potentially avoid laparotomy without CS/HIPEC in a large proportion of patients. These results will be used to inform the next phase of our study: a prospective clinical trial.

scholarly journals Hearts, desires and behavioural patterns: Debating human nature in ancient China

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early China ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

AbstractThinkers in the Zhànguó period of Chinese history debated intensely whether men were by nature “good” or “bad”. This debate has for many years been an important focus of sinological interest, but usually these properties were not attributed to men, but rather to so-called “human nature” (xìng 性) – thus, in effect, mirroring well-known (and problematic) “European” positions and discussions. The aim of this paper is, on the one hand, to redirect attention to the original Zhànguó positions and to explore the reasons for their variance by offering novel and close historical readings of relevant passages, and on the other, to propose a viable historical reconstruction of the common anthropological assumptions underlying these positions by blending it with the traces of a dominant cognitive image present in the texts. This calls for a systematic rethinking of the role of hearts (in the plural), desires, and behavioural patterns in their interplay and as elements of a concept of the psychological build of human beings current in early China.

scholarly journals Early and late pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 on computed tomography scan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarra Mongi Kaabi ◽  
Ahmad Nasser Madkhali ◽  
Naif Hussain Alqahtani ◽  
Ammar Adel Bakhsh ◽  
Yousef Hussain Alharthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Halo Sign ◽  
Pulmonary Manifestations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tomography Scan

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest has been previously reported as an efficacious approach for the early diagnosis and suspicion of COVID-19 infection, as diagnosis with other modalities is usually time-consuming and cannot detect the disease within the early stages. Many pulmonary manifestations have been previously observed under CT imaging of the chest. All of them have been linked with the different stages of the disease, indicating their abilities to diagnose and follow-up these patients.This present literature review aims to discuss the role of CT imaging of the chest in COVID-19 infections and it also aims to elaborate the common pulmonary manifestations that can be frequently observed to help with the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. Moreover, ground-glass opacities (GGOs) have been reported among studies in the literature to be the most common findings as they remain the earliest among other diseases. The literature review also aims to invistagate whether GGOs can fade away or progress to consolidate in order to decide the prognosis of the disease and to identify the severity of cases. Consolidations have also been previously stated among studies in the literature as frequent pulmonary manifestations affecting patients with COVID-19 infections and are estimated to be present in 2-63% of patients with COVID-19 infections. Other pulmonary manifestations might also include bronchiectasis, lymphadenopathy, nodules, pleural effusion or thickening, and halo sign.

scholarly journals An Experimental Pre-Post Study on the Efficacy of Respiratory Physiotherapy in Severe Critically III COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Denise Battaglini ◽  
Salvatore Caiffa ◽  
Giovanni Gasti ◽  
Elena Ciaravolo ◽  
Chiara Robba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Lung Aeration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Respiratory Physiotherapy

Background: Respiratory physiotherapy (RPT) is considered essential in patients’ management during intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The role of RPT in critically ill COVID-19 patients is poorly described. We aimed to investigate the effects of RPT on oxygenation and lung aeration in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU. Methods: Observational pre-post study. Patients with severe COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, who received a protocolized CPT session and for which a pre-and post-RPT lung ultrasound (LUS) was performed, were included. A subgroup of patients had an available quantitative computed tomography (CT) scan performed within 4 days from RPT. The primary aim was to evaluate whether RPT improved oxygenation; secondary aims included correlations between LUS, CT and response to RPT. Results: Twenty patients were included. The median (1st–3rd quartile) PaO2/FiO2 was 181 (105–456), 244 (137–497) and 246 (137–482) at baseline (T0), after RPT (T1), and after 6 h (T2), respectively. PaO2/FiO2 improved throughout the study (p = 0.042); particularly, PaO2/FiO2 improved at T1 in respect to T0 (p = 0.011), remaining higher at T2 (p = 0.007) compared to T0. Correlations between LUS, volume of gas (rho = 0.58, 95%CI 0.05–0.85, p = 0.033) and hyper-aerated mass at CT scan (rho = 0.54, 95% CI 0.00–0.84, p = 0.045) were detected. No significant changes in LUS score were observed before and after RPT. Conclusions: RPT improved oxygenation and the improvement persisted after 6 h. Oxygenation improvement was not reflected by aeration changes assessed with LUS. Further studies are warranted to assess the efficacy of RPT in COVID-19 ICU patients.

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