Effects of selected trace metals on germinating seeds of six plant species

The heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn) contents of selected plant species, grown in Southeast region of Serbia, that are traditionally used in alternative medicine were determined. Among the considered metals, iron content was the highest one and varied from 137.53 up to 423.32 mg/kg, while the contents of Cu, Zn and Mn were remarkably lower, and ranged from 8.91 to 62.20 mg/kg. In addition, an analysis of plants extracts showed a significant transfer of heavy metals during extraction procedure; therefore, the corresponding extraction coefficients reached values up to 88.8%. Those were especially high in the ethanol based extracts. Moreover, it is established that such coefficients mostly depend on the solvent nature and also on the treated plant species. The obtained results impose that medicinal plants from Southeast region of Serbia due to rather low content of heavy metals are appropriate for preparation of teas and medicinal extracts.

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Accumulation of trace metals by aquatic macrophytes and their possible use in phytoremediation techniques

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856010097 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 97-104

Author(s):

Michaela Hillermannová ◽

Radovan Kopp ◽

Ivo Sukop ◽

Tomáš Vítek

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Trace Metals ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Aquatic Macrophytes ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Water Current ◽

Ecological Group ◽

Individual Plant ◽

The Individual

The aim of the performed research was to obtain knowledge on the ability of aquatic plants naturally growing at a site to absorb trace metals contained in bottom sediments and surface water. Furthermore, we compared differences in the accumulation of trace metals by the individual groups of aquatic plants (submerged and emergent) and assessed a possible use of the individual plant species in phytoremediation techniques. Representative samples of water, sediments and aquatic macrophytes were taken from three anthropogenically loaded streams in six monitoring cycles in several collection profiles differing in the distance from a source of contamination. The samples were analysed for the total content of selected trace metals (As, Cd, Pb, Al, Hg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni and Cu). For comparison, one profile at an unloaded site was sampled as well. The obtained results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis of data. Increased contents of Fe, Al, Mn, Cr and Zn were detected in sediments and plant biomass at loaded sites, namely 2–3× higher than at the comparing site. The contents of metals in surface water samples were altogether below the detection limit of the analytical method. When evaluating the individual plant species, we can state that the lowest contents of metals were detected in shore species (reed canary grass Phalaroides arundinacea, wood club-rush Scirpus silvaticus and red dock Rumex aquaticus); plant species growing in the very water current (water star-wort Callitriche sp. and flote-grass Glyceria fluitans) exhibited mean contents of metals. In species forming mats (Fontinalis antipyretica and Cladophora sp.), these contents were several times higher as compared to the previous species. The results of the performed research show that one of important factors, which influence the accumulation of trace metals in plants, is their ecological group (emergent – submerged) affiliation and the species classification within this group. Based on the evaluated data, we can recommend species of moss and algae that form mats eventually species growing in the very water flow for the future use in phytoremediation techniques.

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Gaseous and volatile exudates from germinating seeds and seedlings

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b76-049 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 54 (5-6) ◽

pp. 518-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

V. Vančura ◽

G. Stotzky

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Plant Species ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Volatile Metabolites ◽

Ecological Implications ◽

Organic Volatiles ◽

Yellow Pine ◽

Germinating Seeds

The quantities of gaseous and volatile metabolites liberated by germinating seeds and seedlings appeared to be related, in general, to the amount of storage substances present in the seeds. Both qualitative and quantitative differences were found between various plant species and varieties of both angiosperms and gymnosperms. The release of volatile compounds preceded the appearance of the first root and, with most seeds, was greatest in the first 24 to 48 h. Organic volatiles could be detected, by gas chromatography, in as little as 5% of the atmosphere from one germinating seed. All seeds that were studied liberated ethanol, and most seeds evolved methanol, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, formic acid, ethylene, and propylene. Propionaldehyde and (or) acetone was also evolved by cotton, pea, and yellow pine. The possible source of these volatile metabolites and their ecological implications are discussed.

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Metal ratios as an index of plant species differences on uptake characteristics of different trace metals

Journal of Plant Nutrition ◽

10.1080/01904168009362731 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 2 (1-2) ◽

pp. 25-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Wallace ◽

E. M. Romney ◽

J. E. Kinnear ◽

R. T. Mueller

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Plant Species ◽

Species Differences ◽

Metal Ratios

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A molecular framework for the embryo growth in germinating seeds of Solanum lycocarpum A. St.‐Hil., a nurse plant species

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/aab.12523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 175 (2) ◽

pp. 136-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lilian E. D. Silveira ◽

João Paulo Ribeiro‐Oliveira ◽

Daiani Ajala‐Luccas ◽

Juliana P. Bravo ◽

Edvaldo A. A. Silva

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Nurse Plant ◽

Germinating Seeds ◽

Molecular Framework

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Integrative Theory of the Mode of Action of Quinclorac: Literature Review1

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340200020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 393-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M.V. FIPKE ◽

R.A. VIDAL

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Mode Of Action ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Grass Species ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Weed Species ◽

Present Evidence ◽

Integrative Theory ◽

Germinating Seeds

ABSTRACT Quinclorac is a systemic herbicide absorbed by germinating seeds, roots and leaves of seedlings. It is a selective compound for crops such as rice, canola, barley, corn, sorghum, and pasture. Quinclorac can be used to control various monocots and dicotyledonous weed species. The biochemical function of this herbicide in the plant has intrigued scientists for nearly four decades. The objectives of this review are to present evidence of three hypotheses on the biochemical functioning of quinclorac and to propose an integrative mode of action. The first theory on the mode of action of quinclorac is supported by evidence of inhibition of incorporation of C14-glucose into cellulose and hemicellulose, thus, affecting the cell wall synthesis. The second hypothesis suggests that quinclorac acts as an auxin in broadleaved weed species. In grass species, however, this herbicide appears to stimulate the activity of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase enzyme and, subsequently, to increase the ethylene production; also, it seems to increase the cyanide acid content to phytotoxic levels. A third hypothesis to explain the harmful effect in some plant species is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Apparently, these processes are not mutually exclusive; therefore, an integrative theory for the action of quinclorac is suggested. It is theorized that the aforementioned biochemical activities are interconnected and can be the phytotoxic backbone to explain the herbicidal effect depending on the plant species and the plant growth stage, among other factors.

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Trace Metals in Soils and Several Brassicaceae Plant Species from Serpentine Sites of Serbia

Archives of Environmental Protection ◽

10.2478/aep-2013-0039 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 29-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gordana M. Tomović ◽

Nevena Lj. Mihailović ◽

Ahmed F. Tumi ◽

Boško A. Gajić ◽

Tomica D. Mišljenović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Plant Species ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Serpentine Soils ◽

Isatis Tinctoria ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Sample Points ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Brassicaceae Family

Abstract Serpentine soils from 16 sample points in Serbia as well as the roots and shoots of eight Brassicaceae family species: Aethionema saxatile, Alyssum montanum, Alyssum repens, Cardamine plumieri, Erysimum linariifolium, Erysimum carniolicum, Isatis tinctoria, Rorippa lippizensis, were analyzed with regard to their concentrations of P, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Ni, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd, and Pb. Most of the soil samples were typical of ultramafic sites with low concentrations of P, K and Ca and high concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni and Zn. Ca/Mg ratio was <1 in most soil samples and Brassicaceae plants. Only in A. montanum, A. repens, E. linariifolium and R. lippizensis was the Ca/Mg ratio >1. The levels of P, K, Fe and Zn were high, Mn and Cu occurred in low amounts, whereas Cr, Cd, Co and Pb were only traceable. In the roots and shoots of A. montanum and A. repens the measured concentrations of Ni were 657 mg kg-1 and 676 mg kg-1 respectively, which is the first instance that such high concentrations of Ni were detected in these two species.

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The content of trace metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in selected plant species (moss Pleurozium Schreberi, dandelion Taraxacum Officianale, spruce Picea Abies) along the road Cracow – Zakopane

Geomatics and Environmental Engineering ◽

10.7494/geom.2012.6.1.43 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 43 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Joanna Korzeniowska ◽

Ewa Panek

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Plant Species ◽

Pleurozium Schreberi ◽

The Road

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XRF and PIXE Analysis of light and Dark Adapted Ocular Tissue

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100053619 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 190-191

Author(s):

B. J. Panessa ◽

H. W. Kraner ◽

J. B. Warren ◽

K. W. Jones

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Nerve Impulse ◽

Light Response ◽

Ocular Tissue ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Retinol Dehydrogenase ◽

Pixe Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Optimal Function

During photoexcitation the retina requires specific electrolytes and trace metals for optimal function (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, S, P, Cu and Zn). According to Hagins (1981), photoexcitation and generation of a nerve impulse involves the movement of Ca from the rhodopsin-ladened membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS) to the plasmalemma, which in turn decreases the in-flow of Na into the photoreceptor, resulting in hyperpolarization. In toad isolated retinas, the presence of Ba has been found to increase the amplitude and prolong the delay of the light response (Brown and Flaming, 1978). Trace metals such as Cu, Zn and Se are essential for the activity of the metalloenzymes of the retina and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) (i.e. carbonic anhydrase, retinol dehydrogenase, tyrosinase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase...). Therefore the content and fluctuations of these elements in the retina and choroid are of fundamental importance for the maintenance of vision. This paper presents elemental data from light and dark adapted frog ocular tissues examined by electron beam induced x-ray microanalysis, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and proton induced x-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE).

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