scholarly journals Factors affecting fasting serum C-peptide levels in Micronesians: comparison with a Caucasoid population

Diabetologia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Garcia-Webb ◽  
P. Zimmet ◽  
A. Bonser ◽  
H. King ◽  
S. Bottomley
Keyword(s):  
Fasting Serum ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Caucasoid Population

scholarly journals The Glycemic Effects of Pomegranate Juice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 486-486
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sijia Wang ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Ru-Po Li ◽  
Xinyi Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Pomegranate Juice ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Lower Glucose

Abstract Objectives We recently showed that a single dose of pomegranate juice (PomJ) intake reduced fasting glucose and increased insulin in young healthy subjects. Our study aims to determine the responses of blood glucose as well as principle hormones involved in glucose homeostasis (insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)) after consuming a single dose of 8 oz PomJ, glucose/fructose dissolved in water compared to water in healthy subjects. Methods 21 Healthy, normal weight individuals (BMI of >18 to 26.9 kg/m2, fasting serum glucose < 100 mg/dL) were recruited. Volunteers were randomly assigned to take a single dose of 8 oz of water, PomJ, or water with 18.6 g of glucose + 18.3 g of fructose to match PomJ sugar content, followed by 1-week wash out, and crossover to other interventions in a random order. Fasting blood was collected before, and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes (min) after the drink. Serum glucose was measured enzymatically (Cayman) and insulin, C-peptide, glucagon, and GIP were analyzed using the multiplex human cytokine panel (Millipore). Results 21 healthy volunteers were divided in to 2 groups according to the fasting serum insulin levels: healthy subjects with low fasting serum insulin ≤995 pg/mL (LFSI, n = 12) and healthy subjects with high fasting serum insulin >995 pg/mL (HFSI, n = 9). In all subjects, water intake did not change the levels of glucose and hormonal markers. In LFSI subjects, significant lower glucose at 15 min and GIP at both 15 min and 30 min were observed after PomJ compared to sugar water intake. The area under the curve of serum GIP from LFSI volunteers consuming PomJ was lower compared to sugar water. The levels of insulin, C-peptides and glucagon in response to PomJ and sugar water intake were similar. In HFSI subjects, levels of glucose, C-peptide and glucagon in response to PomJ and sugar water intake were similar. Significant higher insulin at 15 and 30 min, and lower GIP at both 15, 30 and 60 min were observed after PomJ compared to sugar water intake. Conclusions Compared to identical amount of sugar in water, lower glucose response was observed after Pom J in LFSI subjects while higher insulin level and decreased GIP level in HFSI subjects without any difference in glucose. Our data suggest that components in PomJ likely regulate individuals’ glucose metabolism. Funding Sources Center for Human Nutrition.

scholarly journals Elevations in the Fasting Serum Proinsulin–to–C-Peptide Ratio Precede the Onset of Type 1 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1519-1526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Sims ◽  
Zunaira Chaudhry ◽  
Renecia Watkins ◽  
Farooq Syed ◽  
Janice Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
C Peptide

Decreased serum glicentin concentration in patients with severe and morbid obesity

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Raffort ◽  
Patricia Panaïa-Ferrari ◽  
Fabien Lareyre ◽  
Mathilde Blois ◽  
Pascale Bayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Normal Body

Background Proglucagon-derived hormones represent a family of peptides mainly produced in the pancreas and the intestine. While several proglucagon-derived peptides play key roles in metabolic diseases, little is known about glicentin. The aim of the present study was to investigate serum glicentin concentrations in individuals with adult obesity and to study its potential link with various metabolic parameters. Methods Fifty-two individuals with normal body mass index (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 39 patients with severe or morbid obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) were prospectively included at the University Hospital of Nice between January 2014 and April 2016. Clinical data were recorded, and a fasting blood sample was collected to measure glicentin, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL-cholesterol. In addition, a homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) was also calculated. Results Patients with severe and morbid obesity had significantly higher plasma glucose, together with higher serum concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, HOMA2-IR, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and lower serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol compared with individuals with a normal body mass index. The obese patients displayed significantly lower fasting serum concentrations of glicentin compared with subjects with a normal body mass index (12 pmol/L vs. 24 pmol/L, P < 0.0001). In the total population, fasting glicentin concentrations did not correlate with BMI, glycaemic parameters (glucose, insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR) or lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL and HDL-cholesterol). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting serum glicentin concentrations in healthy lean and obese adult subjects. We found that fasting serum glicentin concentrations are decreased in patients with severe or morbid obesity suggesting the potential interest of this peptide in obesity and metabolic-related disorders.

scholarly journals A multigenerational study on phenotypic consequences of the most common causal variant of HNF1A-MODY

Diabetologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarno L. T. Kettunen ◽  
Elina Rantala ◽  
Om P. Dwivedi ◽  
Bo Isomaa ◽  
Leena Sarelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Causal Variant ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Polygenic Risk ◽  
Onset Of Diabetes

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Systematic studies on the phenotypic consequences of variants causal of HNF1A-MODY are rare. Our aim was to assess the phenotype of carriers of a single HNF1A variant and genetic and clinical factors affecting the clinical spectrum. Methods We conducted a family-based multigenerational study by comparing heterozygous carriers of the HNF1A p.(Gly292fs) variant with the non-carrier relatives irrespective of diabetes status. During more than two decades, 145 carriers and 131 non-carriers from 12 families participated in the study, and 208 underwent an OGTT at least once. We assessed the polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes, age at onset of diabetes and measures of body composition, as well as plasma glucose, serum insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, glucagon and NEFA response during the OGTT. Results Half of the carriers remained free of diabetes at 23 years, one-third at 33 years and 13% even at 50 years. The median age at diagnosis was 21 years (IQR 17–35). We could not identify clinical factors affecting the age at conversion; sex, BMI, insulin sensitivity or parental carrier status had no significant effect. However, for 1 SD unit increase of a polygenic risk score for type 2 diabetes, the predicted age at diagnosis decreased by 3.2 years. During the OGTT, the carriers had higher levels of plasma glucose and lower levels of serum insulin and C-peptide than the non-carriers. The carriers were also leaner than the non-carriers (by 5.0 kg, p=0.012, and by 2.1 kg/m2 units of BMI, p=2.2 × 10−4, using the first adult measurements) and, possibly as a result of insulin deficiency, demonstrated higher lipolytic activity (with medians of NEFA at fasting 621 vs 441 μmol/l, p=0.0039; at 120 min during an OGTT 117 vs 64 μmol/l, p=3.1 × 10−5). Conclusions/interpretation The most common causal variant of HNF1A-MODY, p.(Gly292fs), presents not only with hyperglycaemia and insulin deficiency, but also with increased lipolysis and markedly lower adult BMI. Serum insulin was more discriminative than C-peptide between carriers and non-carriers. A considerable proportion of carriers develop diabetes after young adulthood. Even among individuals with a monogenic form of diabetes, polygenic risk of diabetes modifies the age at onset of diabetes. Graphical abstract

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