Computing atmospheric transport and deposition of heavy metals over Europe: Country budgets for 1985

1996 ◽  
Vol 92 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-374
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bartnicki
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Transport

Long-Term Atmospheric Transport and Deposition of Heavy Metals in Central Europe

1996 ◽  
pp. 659-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bartnicki ◽  
Krzysztof Olendrzynski ◽  
Jòzef Pacyna ◽  
Stefan Anderberg ◽  
William Stigliani
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Atmospheric Transport

scholarly journals Assessment of ecological state of the Posyet Bay (the Sea of Japan) by heavy metals content in brown algae

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Konstantinovna Khristoforova ◽  
Anna Dmitrievna Kobzar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sea Of Japan ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
The Sea Of Japan ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
The North ◽  
Recreational Pressure ◽  
North Western ◽  
Sargassum Miyabei

The paper contains the study of heavy metals in three species - Sargassum miyabei , Sargassum pallidum , Cystoseira crassipes in the coastal waters of the Posyet Bay. The analysis of the spatial distribution of trace elements revealed the highest contents of zinc, copper and nickel in the Troitsa Bight, due to recreational pressure and a high concentration of nickel and cadmium in Sivuchya Bight that was caused by transboundary atmospheric transport. All of detected concentrations exceed natural background values for the North-Western part of the Sea of Japan. The authors show that there has been a distinct change in the environmental situation in the the Posyet Bay since 1998: the concentration of lead has sharply decreased, the content of zinc, copper and cadmium has decreased, it could be connected with influence reduction in the free economic zone, located on the Chinese side on the Tumannaya River.

scholarly journals Heavy Metal Pollutants in Snow and Ice from Roosevelt Island, Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Andrea Tuohy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollutants

<p>Global industrialization has led to emissions of heavy metal pollutants that are transported to the most remote areas of the planet. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals are ecological toxins in soils, water, and air. Monitoring has only been implemented during the last few decades with anthropogenic emissions superimposed over natural sources. Furthermore, most monitoring programs generally target local sources of emissions near cities rather than large-scale impacts. Thus quantifying safe limits and controlling industrial emissions is complicated by a lack of knowledge about natural sources and variability on regional, hemispheric, and global scales. New baseline studies are needed to determine i) natural background concentrations of heavy metals, ii) contributions of anthropogenic emissions, and iii) the degree to which atmospheric transport affects background heavy metal concentrations. Due to the remoteness of Antarctica, ice cores can be used as sensitive recorders of background heavy metal atmospheric concentrations over thousands of years. This provides the opportunity to determine natural variability and contributions to the atmosphere on a hemispheric scale, as well as dating the onset of anthropogenic emissions.  This thesis presents a 2,300-year time-series record of six heavy metals from a new high-resolution coastal ice core from the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. Roosevelt Island is an ice dome located in the north-eastern Ross Ice Shelf, and a 763m deep ice core was collected over two field seasons as part of the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) project. In addition to 31 other trace elements, concentrations of iron, aluminium, manganese, lead, arsenic, and thallium were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) in the RICE ice core, snow pit, and snow precipitation samples. Sample resolution over the 20th century is extremely high (~1.6 months per sample), with ~four-year resolution extending the record back to 2,300 years ago.  We use this record to first determine the representativeness of the RICE ice core to Southern Hemisphere atmospheric concentrations of heavy metals, and find that concentrations in snow precipitation are strongly linked to meridional air mass pathways from the South Pacific. Local deposition characteristics and heavy metal seasonality are also examined in the surface snow. The natural sources and variability of the six heavy metals are explored through the last ~2,000 years, and this provides the context for examining changes over the 20th century. We find that iron, aluminium, and manganese are strongly associated with crustal dust and do not exhibit source changes over the 20th century, though significant increases in concentration may be due to anthropogenically induced increases in atmospheric dust. Even when increased variability due to recent increased efficiency of atmospheric transport is taken into account, the change in source emission strength dominates the concentration increases in these elements recorded in the RICE ice core. Thallium concentrations do not increase over the 20th century, and are likely linked to local volcanism. Both lead and arsenic concentrations increase significantly over the 20th century, with the pattern in lead concentrations closely matching existing Antarctic records. These increases are linked to anthropogenic emissions, with peaks during the 1970s and 1980s up to 400% higher than pre-industrial concentrations – well outside the natural variability. However, the ice core record shows a decreasing trend in concentrations of these elements from the mid-1990s to the present. Arsenic concentrations return to within pre-industrial variability, and the timing of this trend coincides with increasing efforts of policy makers in Southern Hemisphere countries to regulate industrial emissions and to promote public awareness of heavy metal pollutants.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Element Concentrations (Ba, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) in the Bones and Teeth of Wild Ruminants from the West Carpathians and the Tian-Shan Mountains as Indicators of Air Pollution

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Ballová ◽  
Marián Janiga ◽  
Richard Hančinský
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
West Carpathians ◽  
Tian Shan Mountains ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
Tian Shan

Through analyzing the concentrations of selected heavy metals (Ba, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn) in the bones and teeth of wild living and ecologically equivalent ruminants from the Tian-Shan (Capra sibirica and Ovis ammon polii) and the West Carpathians (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica) we compared the environmental pollution levels of these two mountain ranges. The samples were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence. Significantly higher contents of Zn and Mn as well as a higher frequency of measurable occurrences of Mn, Ba, and Pb in samples from the West Carpathians confirmed the results of our previous study, that the West Carpathians are relatively more polluted by heavy metals than the Tian-Shan Mountains. The most probably contamination sources are mining and smelting as well as traffic emissions, which can reach remote mountain ranges through long distance atmospheric transport.

Paleolimnological evidence for the long-range atmospheric transport of acidic pollutants and heavy metals into the Province of Quebec, eastern Canada

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ouellet ◽  
H. G. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Recent Sediments

The present study deals with the geochemical stratigraphic evolution of the recent sediments of 26 lakes located throughout the Province of Quebec, Canada. Although there is no major anthropogenic activity within the watersheds of many of these lakes, it is shown that Pb, Zn, Hg, and Cu levels in the most recent sediments of all lakes increased significantly from 1940 onwards. It is suggested that these increases are due to the increased burning of fossil fuels (particularly coal). The heavy-metal increases tend to be relatively high, especially for Pb, Hg, and Zn, in the sediments of lakes from areas close to the U.S.A.–Quebec boundary, while lakes in more remote areas show smaller increases in the strata laid down in the same time periods. Pb contents in the sediments show a sustained increase in all of the upper strata. However, the subsequent reduction in the stratigraphic concentration of Zn and Hg since 1960 in both an acidified system (Lake Tantare) and a non-acidified lake (Lake Laflamme) might be the result of the important decrease of the total particulate emissions to the atmosphere associated with new technology for coal-fired power plants and the use of cleaner energy sources.The increase in Al in the sediments of Lake Tantare since 1950 is attributed to the processes of surface water acidification of this watershed induced by the long-range atmospheric transport of SOx and NOx.Based on the sedimentary anthropogenic enrichment factor (SAEF) values for the remote sites there is no evidence in the present study for associating the origin of certain heavy metals in these lake sediments with alternative anthropogenic sources such as the Ni and Cu smelting complexes located in Sudbury (Ontario) and Rouyn–Noranda (Quebec). The major sources of heavy-metal deposition and acid precipitation are thus associated with the long-range transport of emissions from fossil fuel combustion originating in the heavily industrialized American Midwest region.

Atmospheric transport of heavy metals to regions of the North of the European territory of Russia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Vinogradova ◽  
E. I. Kotova ◽  
V. Yu. Topchaya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Atmospheric emissions and depositions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987

1996 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Olendrzyński ◽  
Stefan Anderberg ◽  
William Stigliani ◽  
Jerzy Bartnicki ◽  
Józef Pacyna
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Atmospheric Emissions ◽  
Emission Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Trace Model ◽  
Cadmium Lead

This paper presents a preliminary estimate of atmospheric emissions of cadmium, lead, and zinc in Europe during the period 1955–1987. The emission data were used as input to the atmospheric transport model TRACE (trace toxic air concentrations in Europe) of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, to compute cumulative deposition loads of heavy metals onto European soils during the investigated time period. The maxima of cumulative depositions computed with the TRACE model over the entire period were approximately 60 mg/m2 for cadmium, 1450 mg/m2 for lead, and 2600 mg/m2 in the case of zinc. The results presented should be considered first-order approximations. Major uncertainties embedded in such calculations are discussed. Heavy metals enter the soils from atmospheric load and with the application of fertilizers and sewage sludge. Once in the soil the metals can be mobilized, leading to plant and groundwater contamination. This threat is particularly valid for heavily polluted regions in Central Europe. The results of this study can be applied in assessing environmental and health effects of heavy metals and, therefore, are important for scientists as well as policy makers.Key words: trace elements, heavy metals, historical emission, cumulative deposition.

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