The demonstration of a change in adrenergic receptor sensitivity in the central nervous system of mice after withdrawal from long-term treatment with haloperidol

Abstract BACKGROUND The objective of stratum 2 of COG ACNS1123 was to evaluate children and young adults (3–21 years) with localized central nervous system (CNS) germinoma and investigate whether simplified pre-irradiation chemotherapy followed by response based dose-reduced whole ventricular irradiation (WVI) would maintain a high progression-free survival (PFS) while reducing long term treatment burden. METHODS Pre-irradiation chemotherapy consisted of 4 cycles of carboplatin and etoposide every 21 days followed by response-based irradiation (XRT). Patients with a complete response (CR) to pre-XRT chemotherapy received 18Gy WVI + 12Gy boost to the tumor bed. Patients with partial response (PR) but less than 1.5 cm residual proceeded to 24Gy WVI + 12Gy boost. All patients were also enrolled on COG ALTE07C1 to prospectively evaluate and longitudinally model the cognitive, social and behavioral functioning. RESULTS During a total accrual time of 45.5 months from 05/2012 to 06/2018, 137 eligible patients were enrolled. Median age was 14.09 years (4.95–21.46), 73% were male, and 45.26% had elevated βhCG in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. Twenty-nine patients (21.17%) did not have tissue biopsy. Eleven patients underwent second-look surgery; 7 had mature teratoma and 4 had non-viable tumor. Eighty-one patients (59.13%) had a CR. There were 4 relapses in patients receiving 18Gy WVI + boost, but no deaths. No unexpected treatment-related events were observed. The estimated 3-year PFS was 94.4 ±2.7% among 74 evaluable subjects. CONCLUSION This study shows promise in XRT reduction for patients with localized CNS germinoma and CR. Long-term survival outcomes and ALTE07C1 data are being evaluated.

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Literature Study: The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy on Reducing Anxiety in Chronic Kidney Failure Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan (Journal of Nursing Science) ◽

10.21776/ub.jik.2021.009.02.4 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 168-177

Author(s):

Eka Agustin ◽

◽

Dian Hudiyawati

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

The Body ◽

Future Research ◽

Long Term Treatment ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function that results in the decreased ability of the body to retain fluids and electrolytes. Treatment methods in end-stage kidney disease are long-term treatment with hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. Hemodialysis therapy in the long term can cause anxiety. Aromatherapy can assist patients in coping with anxiety. The goal of this study was to determine the efficacy of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety in patients with hemodialysis. Articles were obtained through online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. There are seven articles obtained after going through data screening and will be identified for critical review. The findings show that inhalation aromatherapy was effective in reducing anxiety levels among hemodialysis patients. Inhaled aromatherapy affects the central nervous system and has a balancing effect on the cerebral cortex and nerves in the brain. Inhaled aroma compounds will interact quickly through the central nervous system and olfactory nerves and then stimulate the nerves in the brain under the balance of the cerebral cortex to produce the release of the hormone melatonin, serotonin, which can cause a feeling of relaxation or sedative. Future research should include a variety of aromatherapy variants that can be used based on patient preferences, as well as an assessment of possible side effects.

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Central nervous system supersensitivity and withdrawal from long-term treatment with barbital

Neuropharmacology ◽

10.1016/0028-3908(85)90161-3 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1247-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M.R.L. Sandoval ◽

J. Palermo-Neto

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Long Term Treatment

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Self-buffering capacity of a human sulfatase for central nervous system delivery

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86178-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yi Wen ◽

Nazila Salamat-Miller ◽

Keethkumar Jain ◽

Katherine Taylor

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

The Self ◽

High Concentration ◽

Formulation Design ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Therapeutic Enzymes ◽

Intrathecal Space

AbstractDirect delivery of therapeutic enzymes to the Central Nervous System requires stringent formulation design. Not only should the formulation design consider the delicate balance of existing ions, proteins, and osmolality in the cerebrospinal fluid, it must also provide long term efficacy and stability for the enzyme. One fundamental approach to this predicament is designing formulations with no buffering species. In this study, we report a high concentration, saline-based formulation for a human sulfatase for its delivery into the intrathecal space. A high concentration formulation (≤ 40 mg/mL) was developed through a series of systematic studies that demonstrated the feasibility of a self-buffered formulation for this molecule. The self-buffering capacity phenomenon was found to be a product of both the protein itself and potentially the residual phosphates associated with the protein. To date, the self-buffered formulation for this molecule has been stable for up to 4 years when stored at 5 ± 3 °C, with no changes either in the pH values or other quality attributes of the molecule. The high concentration self-buffered protein formulation was also observed to be stable when exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles and was robust during in-use and agitation studies.

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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Pain Threshold of Laboring Rats and the Expression of Norepinephrine Transporter andα2 Adrenergic Receptor in the Central Nervous System

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2016/9068257 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Qianli Tang ◽

Qiuyan Jiang ◽

Suren R. Sooranna ◽

Shike Lin ◽

Yuanyuan Feng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Norepinephrine Transporter ◽

Control Group ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Tail Flick Test ◽

The Central Nervous System

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on pain threshold of laboring rats and the expression of norepinephrine transporter andα2 adrenergic receptor in the central nervous system to determine the mechanism of the analgesic effect of labor. 120 pregnant rats were divided into 6 groups: a control group, 4 electroacupuncture groups, and a meperidine group. After interventions, the warm water tail-flick test was used to observe pain threshold. NE levels in serum, NET, andα2AR mRNA and protein expression levels in the central nervous system were measured. No difference in pain threshold was observed between the 6 groups before intervention. After intervention, increased pain thresholds were observed in all groups except the control group with a higher threshold seen in the electroacupuncture groups. Serum NE levels decreased in the electroacupuncture and MP groups. Increases in NET andα2AR expression in the cerebral cortex and decreases in enlarged segments of the spinal cord were seen. Acupuncture increases uptake of NE via cerebral NET and decreases its uptake by spinal NET. The levels ofα2AR are also increased and decreased, respectively, in both tissues. This results in a decrease in systemic NE levels and may be the mechanism for its analgesic effects.

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