On the subsarcolemmal localization of phenazine ethosulfate-linked ?-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity in pigeon pectoralis white muscle fibres

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Phenazine Ethosulfate

The Function and Metabolism of Certain Insect Muscles in Relation to their Structure

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (34) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
GEORGE A. EDWARDS ◽  
HELMUT RUSKA
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Red Muscle ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electron microscopic observations on ultrathin sections of the red thoracic flightmuscles and white leg muscles of Hydrophilus and Dytiscus are reported. In red muscle-fibres with high values in frequency of contraction, oxygen consumption, and dehydrogenase activity, the single fibrils are completely surrounded by huge mitochondria. Tracheoles penetrate the sarcolemma and supply the mitochondria with oxygen by intracellular branches. In the less active white muscle fibres, mitochondria are found irregularly scattered between the fibrils or along the I band. The intracellular tracheolization is sparse but an endoplasmic reticulum is widely spread between the synfibrillar contractile material. The same muscles of the two insects differ considerably in detail.

Controlling the highest lactate dehydrogenase activity known in nature

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. R136-R140 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guppy ◽  
P. W. Hochachka
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Glycolysis ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
Quiescent State ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Glycolysis Regulation

In the shipjack, Euthynnus pelamis, white muscle appears to possess a powerful anaerobic capacity as well as a significant carbohydrate based aerobic potential. Lactate dehydrogenase occurs at higher activities than found thus far anywhere else in nature and clearly functions in anaerobic glycolysis. Alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase also occurs in unusually high activities and appears to play a role in aerobic glycolysis. Regulation of these two reactions is accomplished by temperature, pH, and creatine phosphate levels. High temperature, low pH, and low creatine phosphate levels all appear to favor lactate dehydrogenase over alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; low temperature, high pH, and high creatine-phosphate levels, all expected during the quiescent state in this species, and when metabolism in aerobic, all favor alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity.

The resting membrane potential of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to copper in soft, acidic water

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (14) ◽  
pp. 2229-2236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.W. Beaumont ◽  
E.W. Taylor ◽  
P.J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Previously, the distribution of ammonia between the intracellular and extracellular compartments has been used to predict a significant depolarisation of the resting membrane potential (E(M)) of white muscle from brown trout (Salmo trutta) exposed to a sub-lethal combination of copper and low pH. However, this prediction is based upon two assumptions (i) a relatively high membrane permeability for the ammonium ion with respect to that for ammonia gas and (ii) that this is unaltered by exposure to copper and low pH. Since there is conflicting evidence in the literature of the validity of these assumptions, in the present study E(M) was directly measured in white muscle fibres of trout exposed to copper and low pH (E(M)=−52.2+/−4.9 mV) and compared with that of unexposed, control animals (E(M)=−86.5+/−2.9 mV) (means +/− s.e.m., N=6). In confirming the predicted depolarisation, these data support the hypothesis of electrophysiological impairment as a factor in the reduction in the swimming performance of trout exposed to these pollutants. In addition, the results of this study support the role of a significant permeability of the muscle membrane to NH(4)(+) in determining the distribution of ammonia in fish.

A Histochemical Study of Dehydrogenase Activity in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of the Pigeon and certain other Vertebrate Skeletal Muscles

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Author(s):  
J. C. GEORGE ◽  
K. S. SCARIA
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pectoralis Major Muscle ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
The Individual

Certain dehydrogenases in the breast muscle of the pigeon and fowl and the leg muscle of the fowl and frog were studied histochemically by the use of 2:3:5: triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The dehydrogenase activity was found to have a relationship with the colour and the mitochondrial content of the individual muscle fibres. In the pigeon breast muscle, however, the broad white fibres did not show the presence of any of the enzymes studied. It is therefore concluded that these fibres in the pigeon breast muscle are a unique system in which none of the oxidative processes concerned takes place; they cannot be considered as analogous to the white fibres of the other muscles studied.

scholarly journals Oxidative properties of carp red and white muscle

1989 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Moyes ◽  
L. T. Buck ◽  
P. W. Hochachka ◽  
R. K. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Oxidation Rates ◽  
Substrate Preferences ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Wide Range

Substrate preferences of isolated mitochondria and maximal enzyme activities were used to assess the oxidative capacities of red muscle (RM) and white muscle (WM) of carp (Cyprinus carpio). A 14-fold higher activity of citrate synthase (CS) in RM reflects the higher mitochondrial density in this tissue. RM mitochondria oxidize pyruvate and fatty acyl carnitines (8:O, 12:O, 16:O) at similarly high rates. WM mitochondria oxidize these fatty acyl carnitines at 35–70% the rate of pyruvate, depending on chain length. WM has only half the carnitine palmitoyl transferase/CS ratio of RM, but similar ratios of beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase/CS. Ketone bodies are poor substrates for mitochondria from both tissues. In both tissues mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation was minimal, and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was present at low activities, suggesting the alpha-glycerophosphate shuttle is of minor significance in maintaining cytosolic redox balance in either tissue. The mitochondrial oxidation rates of other substrates relative to pyruvate are as follows: alpha-ketoglutarate 90% (RM and WM); glutamate 45% (WM) and 70% (RM); proline 20% (WM) and 45% (RM). Oxidation of neutral amino acids (serine, glycine, alanine, beta-alanine) was not consistently detectable. These data suggest that RM and WM differ in mitochondrial properties as well as mitochondrial abundance. Whereas RM mitochondria appear to be able to utilize a wide range of metabolic fuels (fatty acids, pyruvate, amino acids but not ketone bodies), WM mitochondria appear to be specialized to use pyruvate.

PERINATAL THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1966 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner H. Florsheim ◽  
Marjorie A. Faircloth ◽  
Nancy L. Corcorran ◽  
Paul Rudko
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Pituitary Hormone ◽  
Radioiodine Uptake ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Developing Rat

ABSTRACT Thyroid function in the developing rat was measured during late gestation and the first 3 weeks of life. Radioiodine uptake showed a marked peak immediately after birth. Thyroidal hormone stores dropped to stable levels by the 4th day of life and an increase in hepatic α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity suggested increased hormone secretion about the time of birth. Monoiodotyrosine in the thyroid glands declined sharply just before birth but recovered its prenatal level by the 3rd day of life. The data may indicate a discharge of pituitary TSH at birth followed by a period of pituitary hormone repletion. Hypothalamic influences upon the thyroid - pituitary axis appear to be of little importance in perinatal life.

Early thermal experience has different effects on growth and muscle fibre recruitment in spring- and autumn-running Atlantic salmon populations

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (17) ◽  
pp. 2553-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Johnston ◽  
H.A. McLay ◽  
M. Abercromby ◽  
D. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Satellite Cells ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Muscle Satellite Cells ◽  
First Feeding

The consequence of early thermal experience for subsequent growth patterns was investigated in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Spring- and autumn-running salmon were caught in upland (Baddoch) and lowland (Sheeoch) tributaries of the River Dee, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, respectively, on the final stages of their spawning migrations. The eggs were incubated at the simulated natural temperature regime of each stream, which was on average 2.8 degrees C lower for the Baddoch. The offspring, representing 11 families per population, were transferred at first feeding to constant environmental conditions (12–14 degrees C; 16h:8h light:dark photoperiod) and reared in replicate tanks. Salmon of both populations were longer and heavier at 6 and 12 weeks in fish initially reared under the cooler Baddoch regime. Length frequency distributions became bimodal after 18 weeks, and only the upper growth mode was studied. Modelling of length distributions at 40 weeks revealed significantly different patterns of muscle growth according to initial temperature regime, but only for the Sheeoch salmon. In fish of Sheeoch origin, significantly more white muscle fibres were recruited per mm(2) increase in myotomal cross-sectional area at Sheeoch than at Baddoch temperatures (P<0.01). After 40 weeks, the density of white fibres was 10.4 % higher in fish initially reared at the Sheeoch (533+/−6 mm(−2)) than at the Baddoch (483+/−5 mm(−2)) thermal regimes (means +/− s.e.m., 16 fish per group; P<0.001). Muscle satellite cells were identified using an antibody to c-met. At 24 weeks, the density of muscle satellite cells was 29 % higher in Sheeoch salmon reared to first feeding at the temperature of their natal stream than at cooler Baddoch temperatures (P<0.01). In contrast, the number and size distributions of white muscle fibres in the myotomes of Baddoch salmon were independent of early thermal experience.

The energetic cost of activation of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula

1997 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lou ◽  
N Curtin ◽  
R Woledge
Keyword(s):  
Heat Production ◽  
White Muscle ◽  
Isometric Force ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Total Heat ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽  
A Value

The energetic cost of activation was measured during an isometric tetanus of white muscle fibres from the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula. The total heat production by the fibres was taken as a measure of the total energetic cost. This energy consists of two parts. One is due to crossbridge interaction which produces isometric force, and this part varies linearly with the degree of filament overlap in the fibres. The other part of the energy is that associated with activation of the crossbridges by Ca2+, mainly with uptake of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the ATP-driven Ca2+ pump. Total heat production was measured at various degrees of filament overlap beyond the optimum for force development. Extrapolation of heat versus force production data to evaluate the heat remaining at zero force gave a value of 34±5 % (mean ± s.e.m., N=24) for activation heat as a percentage of total heat production in a 2.0 s isometric tetanus. Values for 0.4 and 1.0 s of stimulation were similar. Comparison with values in the literature shows that the energetic cost of activation in dogfish muscle is very similar to that of frog skeletal muscle and it cannot explain the lower maximum efficiency of dogfish muscle compared with frog muscle. The proportion of energy for activation (Ca2+ turnover) is similar to that expected from a simple model in which Ca2+ turnover was varied to minimize the total energy cost for a contraction plus relaxation cycle.

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