Role of the thyroid hormones in regulating contact digestion

1972 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 638-640
Author(s):  
R. I. Gavrilov ◽  
O. A. Bryukhanov ◽  
V. Yu. Domanskii ◽  
A. V. Lazovskaya ◽  
I. V. Remizova
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Contact Digestion

The Role of Zinc in Thyroid Hormones Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Soares Severo ◽  
Jennifer Beatriz Silva Morais ◽  
Taynáh Emannuelle Coelho de Freitas ◽  
Ana Letícia Pereira Andrade ◽  
Mayara Monte Feitosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Zinc Transporters ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Thyroid hormones play an important role in body homeostasis by facilitating metabolism of lipids and glucose, regulating metabolic adaptations, responding to changes in energy intake, and controlling thermogenesis. Proper metabolism and action of these hormones requires the participation of various nutrients. Among them is zinc, whose interaction with thyroid hormones is complex. It is known to regulate both the synthesis and mechanism of action of these hormones. In the present review, we aim to shed light on the regulatory effects of zinc on thyroid hormones. Scientific evidence shows that zinc plays a key role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones, specifically by regulating deiodinases enzymes activity, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesis, as well as by modulating the structures of essential transcription factors involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Serum concentrations of zinc also appear to influence the levels of serum T3, T4 and TSH. In addition, studies have shown that Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are present in the hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid, but their functions remain unknown. Therefore, it is important to further investigate the roles of zinc in regulation of thyroid hormones metabolism, and their importance in the treatment of several diseases associated with thyroid gland dysfunction.

Glucose disposal and lipid metabolism in man: role of thyroid hormones

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S130-S131
Author(s):  
M. J. MÜLLER ◽  
A. G. BURGER ◽  
E. JEQUIER ◽  
K.J. ACHESON
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Glucose Disposal

scholarly journals Role of Thyroid Hormones in Skeletal Development and Bone Maintenance

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Duncan Bassett ◽  
Graham R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Skeletal Development ◽  
Bone Maintenance

scholarly journals Inhibition of hepatic deiodination of thyroxine is caused by selenium deficiency in rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 248 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
G J Beckett ◽  
S E Beddows ◽  
P C Morrice ◽  
F Nicol ◽  
J R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Enzyme Complex ◽  
Measurable Effect ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Mechanism Of Inhibition ◽  
Se Deficiency

Selenium (Se) deficiency produced up to a 14-fold decrease in hepatic tri-iodothyronine (T3) production from thyroxine (T4) in vitro. The T3 production rate could not be restored by the addition of a variety of cofactors, nor by the addition of control homogenate. The impairment in hepatic T3 production observed in Se deficiency was reflected in the concentrations of thyroid hormones circulating in plasma, T4 being increased approx. 40% and T3 being decreased by 30%. However, the fall in plasma T3 concentrations was smaller than might be expected in view of the marked decreased in T3 production. Se deficiency had no measurable effect on plasma reverse-tri-iodothyronine concentrations. The data suggest that Se deficiency produces an inhibition of both 5- and 5′-deiodination, consistent with the widely held view that these reactions are catalysed by the same enzyme complex. The mechanism of inhibition appears not be mediated by changes in thiol levels, but a direct role of Se in the activity of the deiodinase complex cannot be excluded.

Immunomodulatory role of thyroid hormones: in vivo effect of thyroid hormones on the blastogenic response of lymphoid tissues

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Chatterjee ◽  
Amar Singh Chandel
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pokeweed Mitogen ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Hormone Administration ◽  
Blastogenic Response ◽  
Significant Depression

Abstract. In an attempt to find out the mechanism of immunomodulation by thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), their in vivo effect on the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from various lymphoid tissues of hormonetreated and thyroidectomized rats were studied. The blastogenic response of lymphocytes from thymus, peripheral blood and mesenteric lymph nodes to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was found to be increased significantly following T3 or T4 administration for 15 days or 30 days. However, the response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) increased only after 1 month of T3 or T4 administration. The blastogenic response of spleen cells to both PHA and PWM was, on the other hand, found to be depressed following 15 days of hormone administration. Thyroidectomy invariably induced significant depression in the blastogenic response to both PHA and PWM in lymphocytes of all the lymphoid tissues. Thyroid hormone (T3) administration was found to restore the blastogenic response of the lymphocytes of thyroidectomized animals.

scholarly journals Role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
X Lourdes Sandy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Hormone Status ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Hypothyroid Patients

Background: The most common endocrine disorder is hypothyroidism which accounts to 11%. Thyroid hormones have a wide array of functions such as physiological growth and development of skeletal system, maintenance of basal metabolic rate and regulation of various metabolisms, including mineral metabolism. Nowadays due to its direct action on bone turn over, thyroid hormones are considered to have an important role on bone mineral metabolism. Thyroid disorders are important cause for secondary osteoporosis. So the present study was done to know the levels of bone minerals, calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroidism and its relation with thyroid hormone levels. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 30 hypothyroid patients and 30 euthyroid healthy controls in the age group of 20-60 years. Blood samples were collected from all the study population. Serum total triiodothyronine, total thyroxine and TSH by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Serum calcium by Arsenazo III method, phosphorous by ammonium molybdate method were estimated. Results: Serum calcium levels in cases was found to significantly reduced when compared to controls (p<0.001). Serum phosphorous levels also showed considerable elevation in cases when compared to controls (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium in cases. Conclusion: The present study indicated the important role of reduced thyroid hormone status on bone mineral metabolism. This study concludes that serum calcium was significantly reduced and phosphorus levels were significantly increased in hypothyroid patients when compared to euthyroid control subjects. So frequent monitoring of serum calcium and phosphorus in hypothyroid patients would reduce the burden of bone pathologies.

scholarly journals Thyroid hormone regulated genes in cerebral cortex development

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (2) ◽  
pp. R83-R97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Bernal
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Cerebral Cortex Development ◽  
Subplate Neurons ◽  
Genes Encoding

The physiological and developmental effects of thyroid hormones are mainly due to the control of gene expression after interaction of T3 with the nuclear receptors. To understand the role of thyroid hormones on cerebral cortex development, knowledge of the genes regulated by T3 during specific stages of development is required. In our laboratory, we previously identified genes regulated by T3 in primary cerebrocortical cells in culture. By comparing these data with transcriptomics of purified cell types from the developing cortex, the cellular targets of T3 can be identified. In addition, many of the genes regulated transcriptionally by T3 have defined roles in cortex development, from which the role of T3 can be derived. This review analyzes the specific roles of T3-regulated genes in the different stages of cortex development within the physiological frame of the developmental changes of thyroid hormones and receptor concentrations in the human cerebral cortex during fetal development. These data indicate an increase in the sensitivity to T3 during the second trimester of fetal development. The main cellular targets of T3 appear to be the Cajal-Retzius and the subplate neurons. On the other hand, T3 regulates transcriptionally genes encoding extracellular matrix proteins, involved in cell migration and the control of diverse signaling pathways.

Brain-Thyroid Relationships, Ciba Foundation Study Group No. 18

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-391
Author(s):  
JOHN F. CRIGLER
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
And Behavior

This "compact" report of a Ciba Study Group presents current information on (1) physiological mechanism of thyroid regulation by the hypothalamus and pituitary, including a discussion of the role of hypothalamic temperature responsive centers on thyroid activity; (2) the role of thyroid hormones in brain development; and (3) the effect of congenital hypothyroidism and of hyperthyroidism on neurological function with respect to intellect and behavior. The neurophysiological papers by Harris, Reichlin, and Anderson, dealing with our present knowledge of the source and nature of "thyrotropic-releasing factor" (TRF), and of the interrelation between the neutral and hormonal (thyroxine and the sympathomimetics) thermoregulatory factors involved in maintenance of thermal homeostasis, are factual, interesting and provocative.

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