Metrological examination as an effective measure for raising quality of marketed products

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
V. V. Kobets ◽  
I. F. Pechenin ◽  
V. P. Kotova
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bandara EMIA ◽  
Kularathne WNI ◽  
K Brain ◽  
Weerasekara I

Abstract Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is a common gynecological complaint among adolescents and adult women. Various pharmacological and alternative therapies such as therapeutic taping have been used as a treatment of PD. Although several studies have been conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic taping in PD, these studies have not provided adequate level of evidence related to the safety and efficacy of therapeutic taping in PD. Hence, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic taping in PD. The following databases; Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, PEDro, CINAHL and any other gray literature sources were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used therapeutic taping to treat PD from inception to June 2021 with the language restricted to English. Independently screened articles by two reviewers were extracted according to the study objectives. A total of nine studies were included in the systematic review, involving 577 participants. Three studies were eligible for meta-analysis to find the pooled effect of taping on pain intensity. The review indicates that therapeutic taping is an effective measure in improving pain, anxiety and quality of life of women with PD. Meta-analysis conducted to compare the effect of elastic therapeutic taping (ETT) to sham taping showed that the ETT is an effective measure in improving pain among women with PD (MD = -3.12 (95% CI -5.64, -0.60); p=0.02; I2=95 %). The quality of the studies was assessed using the PEDro scale and the included RCTs indicated a fair to good level of quality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated that therapeutic taping is an effective intervention for PD. However, RCTs with higher quality and larger sample sizes are necessary to verify the current results of the review.


1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Tayfun ◽  
C.Y. Yang ◽  
G.C. Hsiao

Non-stationarity in an actual wave field restricts the application of the existing methods of estimating spectra. Despite the enormous amount of research work in the past, an analyst today is still faced with the lack of a unique procedure capable of providing a spectrum estimate which can be considered as the most accurate for the wave data collected under conditions where the stationarity assumption is in doubt. In this paper a generalized method is presented for estimating one dimensional frequency spectrum considering the non-stationarity. The generalized method and the associated design relations provide an effective measure for assessing the statistical quality of spectrum estimates, and a natural criterion as to how to select an optimal sample size. Concepts are illustrated by actual wave data analysis* and the validity of the procedure is demonstrated by simulation. In a simple manner, all concepts and methods developed for the non-stationary frequency spectrum apply to the wave number spectrum with spatial inhomogeneity. For simplicity, the presentation here will be primarily directed to the frequency spectrum.


2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (5) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hoe ◽  
G. Hancock ◽  
G. Livingston ◽  
M. Orrell

BackgroundMany people with dementia live in residential homes, but little is known about their quality of life.AimsTo compare the views of residents with dementia with the views of staff as to their quality of life, and to look at factors associated with these ratings.MethodThe Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) scale was used to rate residents' and staff's perceptions of the quality of life of 238 residents of 24 residential homes in the UK.ResultsThere were 119 QoL-AD scales completed by both residents and staff. For the residents, high QoL-AD scores strongly correlated with lower scores for depression (ρ=–0.53, P < 0.0001) and anxiety (ρ= –0.50, P < 0.001). In contrast, better quality of life as rated by staff correlated most strongly with increased dependency (ρ=–0.53, P < 0.001) and behaviour problems (ρ=–0.40, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe QoL-AD could be used as an effective measure of the quality of life of people with dementia in residential homes. Whereas mood was the main predictor of residents' own assessment of their quality of life, staff ratings were strongly linked with dependency. Staff should be aware that mood rather than level of dependency has agreater impacton residents' quality of life.


Author(s):  
Neetu Modgil

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation of the mucosa of the nose and paranasal sinuses of at least 12 consecutive weeks duration. Surgical intervention may be required if severe symptoms of obstruction and infection prove medical treatment to be ineffective. Little is known about the outcomes of patients electing to continue medical management or the comparative effectiveness of continued medical therapy with FESS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was conducted on 126 adult patients in the age group of 18-55 who fulfilled the CRS criteria with nasal polyposis. All patients were medically treated for the CRS, and observed after 3 weeks. In case the treatment was not effective; they were scheduled for FESS intervention and further observed after another 6 weeks. The improvement of the patients was measured by Visual analogue score, nasal endoscopy score and saccharine test.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Males between 41-50 were the most common patients with CRS. There was a significant improvement in the VAS score, nasal endoscopy score after 3 weeks of medical treatment. In 88% of patients the saccharine score was normal showing that this was not an effective measure for assessing the improvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Medical treatment was found to be sufficient to treat most symptoms of CRS with nasal polyposis (grade 1 and 2). Surgery should only be done in refractory cases. Selection of those patients who will benefit from surgery should be based on the patient’s symptoms and not on the examiner’s polyp score. Quality of life is not proportional to polyp size (Upto grade 2).</p>


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1670-1676
Author(s):  
Norhaslinda Kamaruddin ◽  
Abdul Wahab

Tocotrienol dosage, especially in vitamin E, is important for treatment and prevention of diseases. To date, the dosage is given based on the physician's knowledge and experience to suit the patient’s needs. The alteration of the dosage is depending on the way the patient’s body reaction and coping mechanism which is different from one to another. Hence, the optimal dosage is very difficult to achieve and may result in undesirable side effects. An alternative solution using blockchain technology to trace and chart the dosage of tocotrienol is proposed to capture the effective measure for the patient. With the advancement of the internet of things (IoT) and big data analytics technologies, an effective tocotrienol dosage is possible by utilizing the data gathered from the individual patient for tocotrienol dosage personalization profiling. Then, the output can be used to assist the physician to diagnose an appropriate amount of tocotrienol dosage for optimum effect. This paper discusses the theoretical framework of using blockchain technology to develop an effective tocotrienol dosage traceability system. It is envisaged that such an approach can be a guide to the health practitioners to administer the correct dosage for the patient and subsequently leads to a better quality of life.


Author(s):  
Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves ◽  
João Manoel Da Silva ◽  
Micheline Thais dos Santos ◽  
Yamina Coentro Montaldo ◽  
Paula Cibelly Vilela Da Silva ◽  
...  

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of post-dipping on milk production, composition, and quality of cows with subclinical mastitis. Samples of mast milk from two different dairy farms were analyzed in two moments: before the post-dipping implantation and after 30 days, the samples were conditioned to the refrigeration temperature in an isothermal box and sent to the laboratory for the following analyzes: California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC), Fat, Protein, Lactose, Total Solids (TS), Non-Fat Solids (NFS) and microbiological tests, as well as individual milk weighing. The experimental design was completely randomized and arranged in a split-plot scheme, submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) by the F test. The post-dipping practice during 30 days resulted in the means and standard deviation of the analyzes of the studied variables, where the values of SCC, CMT, and microbiological score profile were statistically significant. The highest etiological agent found was Staphylococcus spp. The fat and lactose profile increased in both farms, but there was no significant difference. Protein increased in both farms, but in farm I, there was no significant difference and in farm 2, there was a significant difference. Total Solids, Non-greasy solids, and weighing had a percentage increase, but the means of weight did not differ statistically. The post-dipping technique was an effective measure in the control of subclinical mastitis and brings health benefits to the mammary gland.


Author(s):  
В.З. Нгуен ◽  
А.В. Грязькин ◽  
Н.В. Беляева ◽  
Т.Л. Фан ◽  
А.Г. Шахов

Создание лесных культур – важная часть лесовосстановительных мероприятий в лесохозяйственном производстве. Не всегда и не везде искусственное лесовосcтановление оказывается эффективным. Основными причинами этого являются некачественная обработка почвы и несоблюдение схемы посадки (расстояние между бороздами и между растениями в борозде), несоблюдение сроков посадки и отсутствие предусмотренных уходов, т. е. в целом, нарушается технология создания лесных культур. Следствием этого часто является низкая приживаемость и невысокая сохранность лесных культур. С другой стороны, обработка почвы под лесные культуры – это так же и эффективная мера содействия естественному возобновлению не только для лиственных, но и для хвойных пород. Самосев не испытывает пересадочного шока, как сеянцы и саженцы, и поэтому рост и развитие подроста происходит естественным образом, более динамично. На богатых почвах наиболее успешно идет возобновление ели и лиственных пород. Сосна в этих условиях вытесняется мощным травостоем и густым подростом лиственных пород. Главная причина этого – гелиофильность сосны. По динамике роста самосев хвойных пород нередко опережает лесные культуры. Особенно отчетливо это проявляется в первые годы после создания лесных культур, когда высаженные сеянцы или саженцы испытывают пересадочный шок и адаптируются к новым условиям места произрастания, а самосев наоборот, не испытывая никакой конкуренции со стороны травостоя в первые годы после обработки почвы успешно растет. Если подготовка почвы была проведена в год обильного урожая семян хвойных, то количество самосева по численности во много раз превосходит лесные культуры любой густоты. Кроме самосева, на любой вырубке присутствует определенное количество подроста, сохранившегося после проведения рубки. В отдельных случаях доля подроста предварительного возобновления в составе молодняков достигает по численности 25–30%. Появление самосева и подроста на площадях лесных культур связано со множеством сопутствующих факторов. В первую очередь – это количество семян поступающих на обработанную почву. Второй фактор по важности – качество обработки почвы, а именно – степень ее минерализации. Третий, не менее важный фактор – условия произрастания, тип лесорастительных условий. Четвертый – конкуренция со стороны травостоя и молодняка лиственных пород. Creation of forest plantations is an important part of reforestation activities in forestry production. Not always and everywhere an artificial forest plantations is effective. The main reasons for this are not high quality soil preparation and failure to comply with the scheme of planting (distance between furrows and between plants in the furrow), the non-observance of timing of planting and the lack of prescribed treatments, i.e., in General, violated the technology of creation of forest plantations. The result is low survival rate and low safety of forest plantations. On the other hand soil preparation for plantations is an effective measure to promote natural regeneration, not only for hardwood, but also softwood. Self-seeding is not experiencing transfer shock and therefore his growth and development naturally occurs more rapidly. On rich soils the most successful being natural regeneration ate. Pine under these conditions is displaced by a powerful grass and dense hardwood undergrowth. The main reason for this is heliophitos pine. The growing number of self-seeding conifers in all conditions ahead of forest plantations. Especially clearly manifested in the first years after the establishment of forest plantations, planted when the seedlings or saplings are experiencing transfer shock and to adapt to new conditions of growth and self-seeding on the contrary, without competition from the grass in the first years after soil preparation is successfully growing. If soil preparation was carried out in the year an abundant harvest of seeds of conifers, the number of self-seeding in numbers many times greater than forest culture of any density. In addition to the self-seeding on any clearing there is a certain amount of undergrowth is preserved after the cutting. In some cases, the proportion of the undergrowth preliminary renewal in the composition of the young population reaches 25–30%. The appearance of self-sown young growth and undergrowth in the area of forest cultures is due to the many confounding factors. First and foremost is the number of incoming seeds on the prepared soil. The second factor in importance is the quality of the preparation of the soil, namely, the degree of mineralization. The third, equally important factor is the growing conditions, type of site and stand conditions. Fourth – competition from grass and young hardwoods.


Author(s):  
Т. О. Чайка

У статті доведено необхідність підвищення ро-дючості ґрунтів через визначення їх критичного ста-ну, що пов’язано з розвитком ерозійних процесів, під-вищенням кислотності та зменшенням ґумусу. Ви-значено проблемні питання з проектування сівозміняк дієвого заходу з відновлення родючості ґрунтів.Наведена практика з питань підтримки якості ґрун-тів і сівозмін у різних країнах-членах ЄС. Обґрунто-вано необхідність запровадження економічного сти-мулювання для покращання агроекологічного станусільськогосподарських земель, яке ґрунтується наметодиці грошової оцінки землі. Доведено необхід-ність проведення лабораторних аналізів для визна-чення якості ґрунтів. In this paper the necessity of improving soil fertility through the definition of their critical state is proved, which is associated with the development of erosive processes, increase of acidity and reduction of humus. Problem questions on designing of crop rotation are identified as an effective measure to restore soil fertility. The practice on maintenance of quality of soil and crop rotations in different EU member states is presented. The necessity of introduction of economic incentives for improvement of agro-ecological condition of farmlands is substantiated, which is based on the methods of monetary valuation of the land. The necessity of carrying out laboratory tests to determine soil quality is proved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Vitalіy Bury ◽  

In the first and second parts of this article, which were published in this scientific journal (Nos. 1 and 4 for 2020), methodological approaches to reforming the Belarusian administrative legislation, systematic revision and differentiation of administrative penalties and administrative liability, synchronization of the grounds for administrative responsibility with the grounds criminal liability and the institution of criminal liability, issues of minimizing the formal composition of administrative offenses, incl. compositions of offenses of a civil nature, etc. The third part of this article discusses options for solving the problem of a significant number of administrative offenses in the field of road safety and transport operation, as well as proposals for improving a number of provisions of the Procedural Code of the Republic of Belarus on administrative offenses. In the Republic of Belarus, with proper organization and technical support, the introduction of penalty points as an administrative penalty can be an effective measure of administrative influence and directly affect the reduction of administrative offenses, especially by road users (given the large number of protocols, which are formed annually in this direction). This type of administrative penalty can be complex, because, on the one hand, allows not to apply a fine for minor offenses in favor of the so-called «accumulative» system of penalties, on the other hand, has a positive effect on prevention of offenses (especially in traffic), especially committed repeatedly (and systematically), as it causes the onset of serious negative consequences and restrictions for the offender. Given the current law enforcement practice of conducting administrative proceedings at different stages, it is necessary to: first, streamline the number of procedural actions to collect and verify evidence; secondly, to guarantee at the level of law the observance of the rights and freedoms of participants in the process during the control, supervision and administrative jurisdiction of state bodies (this would reduce the time of the administrative process and at the same time improve the quality of procedural guarantees); thirdly, to improve the regulation of the process (this would reduce the scope of procedural actions applied during the proof in cases of administrative offenses, without reducing the quality of such proof).


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document