scholarly journals ПРИЧИНИ ТА МЕХАНІЗМИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ РОДЮЧОСТІ ҐРУНТІВ

2014 ◽  
pp. 155-158
Author(s):  
Т. О. Чайка
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Definition Of

У статті доведено необхідність підвищення ро-дючості ґрунтів через визначення їх критичного ста-ну, що пов’язано з розвитком ерозійних процесів, під-вищенням кислотності та зменшенням ґумусу. Ви-значено проблемні питання з проектування сівозміняк дієвого заходу з відновлення родючості ґрунтів.Наведена практика з питань підтримки якості ґрун-тів і сівозмін у різних країнах-членах ЄС. Обґрунто-вано необхідність запровадження економічного сти-мулювання для покращання агроекологічного станусільськогосподарських земель, яке ґрунтується наметодиці грошової оцінки землі. Доведено необхід-ність проведення лабораторних аналізів для визна-чення якості ґрунтів. In this paper the necessity of improving soil fertility through the definition of their critical state is proved, which is associated with the development of erosive processes, increase of acidity and reduction of humus. Problem questions on designing of crop rotation are identified as an effective measure to restore soil fertility. The practice on maintenance of quality of soil and crop rotations in different EU member states is presented. The necessity of introduction of economic incentives for improvement of agro-ecological condition of farmlands is substantiated, which is based on the methods of monetary valuation of the land. The necessity of carrying out laboratory tests to determine soil quality is proved.

scholarly journals Stimulating the increasing of natural soil fertility: economic and environmental aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Yasnolob ◽  
T. O. Chayka ◽  
O. A. Galych ◽  
O. S. Kolodii ◽  
S. E. Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Supporting Soil

The necessity to increase soil fertility by identifying their critical condition, which is associated with developing erosion processes, increasing acidity and decreasing humus, has been proven in the article. The requirement of introducing crop rotations and their legal regulation in Ukraine has been determined. The practice connected with the questions of supporting soil quality and crop rotations in different countries, members of the EU has been presented. The assessment of modern farming systems (intensive, organic, no-till, strip-till, precise, bio-enzyme, biogenic) taking into account economic, ecological, technological-energy, and social factors aimed at determining their impact on the natural soil fertility has been conducted. The expediency of improving soil quality in terms of its evaluation has been revealed. The necessity of introducing economic incentives or penalties to landowners or land users for agro-ecological condition of farmlands basing on the methods of land money value has been substantiated.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

Formation of crop rotation as a means of preventing degradation аnd improving soil fertility of the Carpathian region

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (95) ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
O.J. Kachmar ◽  
O.V. Vavrynovych ◽  
O.L. Dubytsky ◽  
A.O. Dubytska ◽  
M.M. Shcherba
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Rotational Crop

Scientific and methodological approaches to the formation of zonal ecologically safe crop rotations as a basic subsystem of farming in the formation of high, stable productivity of agricultural crops are substantiated, while ensuring the reproduction of soil fertility, increasing the efficiency of fertilizer systems and environmental protection. Various rotational crop rotations for introduction in the conditions of the Carpathian region in farms of different specialization and intensity of production are proposed.

Crop Rotations, Fallowing, and Associated Environmental Benefits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Ahmad Nawaz ◽  
Faisal Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

Planned crop rotation offers a pragmatic option to improve soil fertility, manage insect pests and diseases, and offset the emission of greenhouse gases. The inclusion of legume crops in crop rotations helps to reduce the use of external nitrogen inputs for legumes and other crops because legumes may fix the atmospheric nitrogen. This also helps to reduce the environmental pollution caused by volatilization and leaching of applied nitrogen. The inclusion of allelopathic crops in rotation may be useful to suppress noxious weeds due to release of the allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. The rotation of tap-rooted crops with shallow rooted crops may result in efficient and productive use of nutrient resources and conservation of soil moisture. Continuous monoculture systems may cause the loss of biodiversity. Land fallowing is an efficient agricultural management technique mostly practiced in arid regions to capture rainwater and store it in the soil profile for later use in crop production. During fallowing, tillage operations are practiced to enhance moisture conservation in the soil. Keeping soil fallow for a season or more restores soil fertility through nutrient deposits; increases organic matter, microbial carbon, and soil microbial diversity; and improves the soil’s physical properties, including aggregation stability and reduced soil compaction due to decreased traffic. In addition, fallowing of land provides biological means of pest (weeds and insects) control by disrupting the life cycle of pests and decreasing reliance on pesticides. Land fallowing can help offset the emission of greenhouse gases from agricultural fields by reducing traffic and increasing carbon sequestration within the soil. Summer fallowing may help to preserve moisture in diverse soil types in the rainfed regions of the world, although it may reduce the carbon sequestration potential of soils over the long term. Energy resources are decreasing, and the inclusion of energy crops in crop rotation may be highly beneficial. Many of the processes, factors, and mechanisms involved in crop rotation and land fallowing are poorly understood and require further investigation.

Susceptibility of Groundwater to Pesticide and Nitrate Contamination in Predisposed Areas of Southwestern Ontario

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wray Lampman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Pesticide Contamination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Agricultural practices today employ a vast array of chemicals in large volumes in order to improve both the quantity and quality of our agricultural products. While it has long been recognized that runoff from agricultural land has the potential to degrade surface water quality, only recently has attention been focused on the effect of agricultural usage on groundwater. In order to study the effects of pesticides and nitrate usage on the quality of groundwater, in 1985 the Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy began operating a groundwater monitoring program in southwestern Ontario. Data generated from this program, which utilized sample data collected from both wells and piezometers, indicate that in areas of heavy pesticide and nitrate usage, shallow groundwater is continuously testing positive for nitrate and a variety of pesticides. Factors which influence the number of positive incidents for pesticides are directly related to the persistence of the chemical, its method of application, and the amounts utilized. Soil types and depth to groundwater, although influencing the time of detection, do not govern the number of detection events. Changes in agricultural practices are also monitored to see if pesticide reduction, a variation in the method of application, crop rotations and an increase in soil organic matter could influence the levels of pesticide It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotations were also effective in reducing the level of pesticides in groundwater. Tillage practices and increases in soil organic matter were also effective in reducing pesticide contamination. It was found that when chemicals of a low persistence were applied post emergent at the minimum recommended rate, pesticides were not detected in the groundwater. Crop rotation and reduction in nitrate loadings were found to be the only effective methods to reduce nitrate loading to groundwater. It was also found that elevated levels of potassium and/or nitrate in groundwater serve as a reliable indicator of the groundwater susceptibility to pesticide contamination. Remedial action to alleviate the impact of pesticides and nitrates in groundwater must focus on the chemical usage patterns employed on the farm site and an overall reduction of the quantities of pesticides and nitrates utilized. These patterns must incorporate a well-designed program of crop rotation with the proper utilization of these chemicals on site.

scholarly journals YIELD AND QUALITY OF WINTER WHEAT GRAIN UNDER NON-MOLDBOARD SOIL TILLAGE DEPENDING ON DOSES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERSIN THE CROP ROTATIONS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
V.A. Lukyanov ◽  
◽  
L.B. Nitchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Crop ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

In modern agriculture, resource-saving technologies for cultivating grain crops and their optimization are becoming more and more relevant. The use of scientifically-based crop rotations, tillage methods and doses of mineral fertilizers allow increasing economic efficiency of winter wheat cultivation. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and quality of winter wheat grain depending on different doses of mineral fertilizers under non-moldboard soil tillage in the crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region. The research was carried out in 2012-2020 in a stationary multifactorial field experiment in Federal Agricultural Kursk Research Center. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – crop rotations (grain-fallow-row, grain-grass-row, grain-grass); Factor B – mineral fertilizers (without fertilizers, N20P40K40, N40P80K80 kg ha-1). The soil of the experimental site is represented by typical, medium-loamy chernozem. The paper shows that the yield of winter wheat grain in the context of non-moldboard soil tillage was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation and amounted to 3.34 t ha-1. In the grain-grass-row and grain-grass crop rotations, yield decreased by 6.6 % and 10.2 %, respectively. The maximum grain yield (3.98 t/ha-1) was obtained in grain-fallow-row crop rotation with N40P80K80. An increase in fertilizers doses led to protein and gluten content increment from 12.6 to 13.3 % and from 22.8 to 25.6 %, respectively; however, the differences in crop rotations were within the limits of experimental error. The grain nature varied according to the studied factors from 708 to 735 g/l-1 and was higher in the grain-fallow-row crop rotation with a dose of mineral fertilizers N40P80K80. Despite more significant net income after increased fertilizers dose (N40P80K80), the increase in the winter wheat grain yield did not allow obtaining a higher level of profitability compared to N20P40K40. Winter wheat cultivation in grain-grass-row crop rotation with N20P40K40 was the most cost-effective. In this variant, the cost of grain was the lowest (4.92 thousand rubles t-1); the profitability, on the contrary, was the highest (103.4 %).

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF USING INVESTMENTS FOR INCREASE OF CONTINUITY OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Iryna Trunova ◽  
Oleksandr Miroshnyk ◽  
Oleksandr Moroz ◽  
Anatolii Sereda ◽  
Volodymyr Pazii
Keyword(s):  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Target System ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
Maintenance Service ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
Technical Operation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Modern Technologies

The method of the analysis of efficiency of use of investments for increase of continuity of electricity supply for customers is offered. The use of coefficients which are identical to product of average specific financing of investment programs with taking into account of standard units of electric equipment and a target System Average Interruption Duration Index in a method of the comparative analysis of efficiency of use of investments is offered. The calculation of factors of an inefficiency of use of investments for increase of continuity of electricity supply of customers which are in rural and city areas is offered. It is offered optimization model of efficiency of use of investments for increase of continuity of electricity supply of customers. The example of practical application of the offered method for definition of companies with inefficient use of investments for increase of continuity of electricity supply of customers in rural and city areas is given. The rank of companies which are chosen for research, by efficiency of use of investments for increase of continuity of electricity supply for customers is determined. Application of this method for the analysis of efficiency of use of investments in the sub-units of the companies and for the use of the calculated coefficients as Key Performance Indicators and corresponding stimulation of sub-units of the regulated companies to more effective use of investments is offered. Conclusion that in sub-units of the regulated companies which are certain as such where inefficiently use investments, on the basis of the analysis of the organization of technical operation and quality of performance of works, uses of modern technologies of repair and maintenance service of an electric equipment, improvement of professional skill of the personnel, and, using corresponding provision of economic incentives, probably to reach increase of continuity of electricity supply of customers is given.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BACKGROUND TO STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYMENT QUALITY IN LOCAL UNITS

2018 ◽  
pp. 47-55
Author(s):  
Iuliia Lazebnyk
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Employment Quality ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The article is devoted to the research of topical issues of statistical study of the impact of information and communication technologies on changes in the labor market and the quality of employment. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in changing working conditions and employment quality associated with the widespread use of ICT. The need to understand the consequences of such changes for regional labor markets in Ukraine encourages the development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of statistical provision of managerial decisions on improving the quality of employment and working conditions. Method (methodology). To achieve this goal, the article discusses the world approaches to defining concepts such as telework or ICT-mobile work, T / ICTM. The peculiarities of practical application of T / ICTM and its structure according to the selected categories in the 28 EU member states are analyzed. Operationalization of T / ICTM categories in accordance with the "use of ICTs" and "workplaces". Results. According to the results of the study, the main problems identified are the proliferation of such a phenomenon as "telework" or "remote work". One of them is that, despite the growing consensus, there is still no generally accepted definition of these concepts. Another is the limited availability of T / ICTM frequency and intensity data in many countries around the world.

REACTION OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POTATO VARIETIES TO THE USE OF GREEN MANURE

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Green Manure Crop ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Domestic Variety ◽  
Control Rotation

The article presents the productivity and quality of domestic and foreign potato varieties when grown in crop rotations with shortened rotation. As a green manure crop on control (permanent landing) we used mustard white after harvesting potatoes, in a two-field crop rotation-vicooat mixture, and in a three-field-rotationannual clover. The yield of potatoes of different varieties in crop rotations was significantly higher than in the control rotation. The prevalence of diseases in plantings and tubers on the background of 100% saturation was 1.5-2 times higher than in crop rotation. Plowing of green manure mass into the soil contributed to the containment of potato diseases. The most economically profitable are cultivation of a domestic variety Kolobok in crop rotations. Economic efficiency of growing potatoes in crop rotations with different degrees of saturation shows us that, on average, for 3 years, the most economically profitable cultivation of domestic variety Kolobok in the variants of 2 and 3 - full crop rotations, permanent culture are less effective. For example, the profit in the 2-pole crop rotation for the variety Kolobok amounted to 143 thousand rubles/ha, and in the 3-pole 193 thousand. rubles / ha, permanent culture-74 thousand rubles / ha (2-2. 5 times less). According to the variety Breeze, these indicators amounted to 133, 183 and 70 thousand rubles/ha, respectively.Cultivation of the Saturn variety was even less profitable, namely-112, 163 and 37 thousand rubles / ha, respectively.

scholarly journals The use of natural resources and reproduction of soil fertility in obtaining a given quantity of products

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Nina Masyutenko ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Energy Flows

The purpose of the study is to determine the suitability for making sound decisions on the reproduction of soil fertility of the following quantitative laws of the methodology for managing material and energy flows in crop rotations: the energy content of 1 ton of humus (in GJ) is equal to half the nitrogen contained in it (in kg); the amount of exchangeable energy (in GJ) in 100 kg of phytomass is equal to the halfsum (in kg) of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide (about 2/3 of it falls on nitrogen). The approbation was carried out on the data of long-term stationary experiment. The results are as follows: with an increase in the level of fertilizer, nitrogen removal with the yield increased by 30–40%, and that of phosphorus by 6–12%; due to doubling the manure rate and the use of mineral fertilizers, the phosphorus balance became positive, and the nitrogen one remained negative, but improved by 17–28% depending on the type of a crop rotation. The deviation of the calculated balance of the exchangeable energy from the actual one on the poorly and most richly fertilized backgrounds was -5.5 to -11.9% and 3.0 to 8.6%., respectively.

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