High frequency of class 3 allele in the human insulin gene in Japanese Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with a family history of diabetes

Background: There is steady increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus from 0.73% to current 2.4% in rural and 4.0% to 11.6% in urban areas. Familial clustering of diabetes may support a genetic predisposition to diabetes. With increase in the prevalence of diabetes there is increase in number of first degree relative as well, thus an increased risk of developing diabetes, will also increase. To study the plasma glucose levels in First-degree relatives of family member of type 2 diabetic patients was the objective of the present study.Methods: It is a descriptive observational study with 1020 individuals serially coming to our outpatient Department for Pre-employment Medical Health Check Up Annual Health Check Up were selected. These individuals have been enrolled for the study and their family history of diabetes was noted, their sugar levels and their lipid levels were estimated and their body mass index was calculated. The data thus collected and analyzed with excel.Results: 184 (18%) individuals were FDRs, were as 836 (82%) individuals were Non-FDRs. There were 754 (74%) males [131(17%) FDR and 623(83%) Non-FDR], were as 213 (26%) females [53(20%) FDR and 213(80%) Non-FDR], 61(6%) individuals were having Diabetic Mother, 91(9%) individuals had Diabetic Father and 32(3%) were those in whom both the Parents were Diabetic. It was found that maternal history has strong association for getting abnormal BSL levels as compared to a diabetic father as the RR of 9.82 (95% 4.84 to 19.95) in individuals with mother being diabetic, and RR of 1.54(95% 0.68 to 3.87) of father being diabetic.Conclusions: Family history of diabetes, maternal history of diabetes and history of both the parents having diabetes are risk factors for diabetes in FDRs.

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The E23K variant in the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel does not augment impaired glucose tolerance in Caribbean subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.1.06117 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 185 (3) ◽

pp. 439-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Chidum Ezenwaka ◽

Risha Kalloo ◽

Mathias Uhlig ◽

Robert Schwenk ◽

Juergen Eckel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Control Subjects ◽

History Of

The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Caucasian subjects. Because offspring of type 2 diabetic patients have a genetically increased risk of developing diabetes, we sought to identify the E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene in offspring of Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes and assess the contribution of this variant to impaired glucose tolerance in these subjects. Forty-six offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 apparently healthy subjects whose immediate parents were not diabetic (‘control’) were studied after an overnight fast. Anthropometric indices were measured and blood samples were collected. Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were subsequently determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment technique. The offspring and control subjects had similar frequencies of the E23K polymorphism (52.6 vs 45.5%, P>0.05) and the frequency of the E23K variant did not differ significantly between gender and ethnic distributions, irrespectively of a family history of diabetes (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes in offspring carriers of the E23K variant compared with offspring non-carriers of the mutation. Offspring with the E23K mutation had even significantly higher 2 h insulin concentrations when compared with control subjects. It is concluded that the presence of the Kir6.2 E23K genotype in Caribbean subjects with an immediate positive family history of diabetes does not confer significantly higher levels of biochemical risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.

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Characteristics and Prevalence of Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran

International Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.18502/ijml.v5i4.159 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Malihe Mohammadi ◽

Hossein Ali Khaza'i

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Insulin Therapy ◽

Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

C Peptide ◽

Latent Autoimmune Diabetes ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

History Of

Background and Aims: The prevalence of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) among diabetic patients is less recognized and underdiagnosed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of LADA in type 2 diabetic patients and to compare the characteristics of these two groups in Torbat-e Heydarieh, Iran. Materials and Methods: Totally, 198 male and 277 female patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes are aged between 35 -70 years were selected and the glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) assessment was used for the diagnosis of LADA in them. GADA in their sera was measured by commercial anti-GAD enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. In addition, blood pressure, sera C-peptide and cholesterol levels was measured and compared in the mentioned two groups. Demographic data including age, gender, age at diagnosis, family history of diabetes, Body mass index (BMI) and need for insulin therapy were collected from subjects and data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Of 475 patients, 53 ones (11.2%) were GADA positive. Significant difference was found between GADA positive and GADA negative patients in terms of mean age, C-peptide levels, cholesterol levels and need for insulin therapy to control the disease. As for gender, family history of diabetes, BMI value and hypertension there was no significant correlation between these two groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of LADA in diabetic patients was 11.2%. Presence of GAD antibodies in diabetic patients is related to reduced levels of C-peptide, increased cholesterol levels and the need for insulin during the follow-up.

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Frequency of Diabetic Retinopathy and Factors for Suboptimal Diabetic Control in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in a Trust Hospital of Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.36351/pjo.v37i2.1123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Sidrah Riaz ◽

Tehmina Jahangir ◽

Tariq Khan

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Family History ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Hypoglycemic Agents ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Trust Hospital ◽

History Of

Purpose: To find out the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and factors responsible for poor diabetic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a trust hospital. Place and duration of Study: Akhtar Saeed Medical College, from January 2018 to December 2019. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: Total 395 diabetic patients belonging to lower socioeconomic class were included in the study. Type 1diabetes, age below 20 years, high myopia, papilledema, dense cataract, corneal scar and patients on dialysis were excluded. Age, gender, duration of disease, family history of diabetes, drugs used for diabetic control, compliance with drug, random serum sugar level at presentation, HBA1c level, best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp and fundus findings were noted. Results: There were 270 (68.4%) females and 125 (31.6%) males (total 395). Random serum sugar was below 200mg/dl in 188 (47.6%). Family history of diabetes was positive in 145 (36.7%). Duration of diabetes was below ten years in 288 (73%). Visual acuity was less than 6/60 in 36 (6.3%) patients. HbA1c was within normal range in only 124 (31.4%). CSMO was present in 199 (50.37%) patients. Diabetic retinopathy was observed in 57 (14.43%) patients. Patients using oral hypoglycemic agents were 225 (57%), on insulin 151 (38.23%) and19 (4.8%) were using both oral drugs and insulin. Compliance was poor in 294 (74.4%). Conclusion: Poor monetary resources compounded with lack of knowledge about disease, misconceptions regarding insulin and imbalanced diet are big hurdles in achieving optimal glycemic control in lower socio-economic class. Key Words: Diabetic Retinopathy, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood serum sugar, clinically significant macular edema.

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Importance of maternal history of non-insulin dependent diabetic patients.

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.302.6786.1178 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 302 (6786) ◽

pp. 1178-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 110

Author(s):

J C Alcolado ◽

R Alcolado

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Patients ◽

Maternal History ◽

History Of ◽

Insulin Dependent ◽

Insulin Dependent Diabetic

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Vitamin D status and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Norwegian HUNT cohort study: does family history or genetic predisposition modify the association?

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e001948

Author(s):

Marion Denos ◽

Xiao-Mei Mai ◽

Bjørn Olav Åsvold ◽

Elin Pettersen Sørgjerd ◽

Yue Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Genetic Predisposition ◽

Effect Modification ◽

P Value ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

IntroductionWe sought to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults who participated in the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT), and the possible effect modification by family history and genetic predisposition.Research design and methodsThis prospective study included 3574 diabetes-free adults at baseline who participated in the HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) surveys. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined at baseline and classified as <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. Family history of diabetes was defined as self-reported diabetes among parents and siblings. A Polygenic Risk Score (PRS) for T2DM based on 166 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was generated. Incident T2DM was defined by self-report and/or non-fasting glucose levels greater than 11 mmol/L and serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody level of <0.08 antibody index at the follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were applied to calculate adjusted ORs with 95% CIs. Effect modification by family history or PRS was assessed by likelihood ratio test (LRT).ResultsOver 11 years of follow-up, 92 (2.6%) participants developed T2DM. A higher risk of incident T2DM was observed in participants with serum 25(OH)D level of<50 nmol/L compared with those of ≥50 nmol/L (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03 to 2.86). Level of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in adults without family history of diabetes (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62 to 9.24) but not in those with a family history (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.62, p value for LRT=0.003). There was no effect modification by PRS (p value for LRT>0.23).ConclusionSerum 25(OH)D<50 nmol/L was associated with an increased risk of T2DM in Norwegian adults. The inverse association was modified by family history of diabetes but not by genetic predisposition to T2DM.

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Differential expression of micro RNA-29 family in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05703-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Uzair Abbas ◽

Bushra Imdad ◽

Sikander Adil Mughal ◽

Israr Ahmed Baloch ◽

Afshan Mehboob Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Family History ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vital Role ◽

Micro Rna ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Family History Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Abstract Objective MicroRNAs are known to regulate 60% of genes at post translational level. MicroRNAs including Micro RNA-29 family play a vital role in cellular activities and have validate role in numerous metabolic disorders inclusive of diabetes mellitus and its complications. While micro RNA profile changes years before the occurrence of disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents to explore the early changes in expression of micro RNA-29 family as it can be served as early biomarker of type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic adults. This study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021. Micro RNA was extracted from plasma of 50 participants and expression was compared through qPCR. While data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Results 29a and 29b had lower expression in participants with family history of DM compared to those having no family history of DM (P < 0.0001). While micro RNA 29c was found to be significantly higher in participants with positive family history of type 2 diabetes as compared to those without family history of diabetes (P = 0.001).

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