A new generation of wide-range multifunctional optoelectronic devices for the measurement and control of linear dimensions and displacements

Many real-world applications depend on temperature sensing and/or control. This includes a wide range of industrial processes, chemical reactors, and SCADA systems, in addition to other physical, mechanical, and biological systems. With the advancement of technology, it became possible to produce a new generation of smart and compact temperature sensors, which are capable of providing digital outputs that are more accurate, robust, and easily interfaced and integrated into measurement and control systems. This chapter first surveys traditional analog temperature sensors, such as RTDs and thermocouples, to provide a strong motivation for the need to adopt better and smarter techniques that mainly rely on digital technology (e.g., CMOS designs). Different interfacing techniques that do not need ADCs are introduced, including the programmable Arduino microcontrollers. Different applications will be explored that include automotive accessories, weather forecast, healthcare, industrial processing, firefighting, and consumer electronics. Both wired and wireless technologies, including the IoT, will be investigated as means for transmitting the sensed data for further processing and data logging. A special case study to provide information redundancy in industrial SCADA systems will be analyzed to illustrate the advantages and limitations of smart temperature sensors. The chapter concludes with a summary of the design effort, accuracy, performance, and cost effectiveness of smart temperature sensors while highlighting future trends in this field for different applications.

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Efficiency Evaluation of the Ejector Cooling Cycle using a New Generation of HFO/HCFO Refrigerant as a R134a Replacement

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11082136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2136 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Bartosz Gil ◽

Jacek Kasperski

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Coefficient Of Performance ◽

Condensation Temperature ◽

Evaporation And Condensation ◽

Wide Range ◽

Theoretical Investigations ◽

Maximum Coefficient ◽

C 30 ◽

New Generation ◽

And Control

Theoretical investigations of the ejector refrigeration system using hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and hydrochlorofluoroolefin (HCFO) refrigerants are presented and discussed. A comparative study for eight olefins and R134a as the reference fluid was made on the basis of a one-dimensional model. To facilitate and extend the possibility of comparing our results, three different levels of evaporation and condensation temperature were adopted. The generator temperature for each refrigerant was changed in the range from 60 °C to the critical temperature for a given substance. The performed analysis shown that hydrofluoroolefins obtain a high efficiency of the ejector system at low primary vapor temperatures. For the three analyzed sets of evaporation and condensation temperatures (te and tc equal to 0 °C/25 °C, 6 °C/30 °C, and 9 °C/40 °C) the maximum Coefficient of Performance (COP) was 0.35, 0.365, and 0.22, respectively. The best performance was received for HFO-1243zf and HFO-1234ze(E). However, they do not allow operation in a wide range of generator temperatures, and, therefore, it is necessary to correctly select and control the operating parameters of the ejector.

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Numerical simulation of sharp-crested weir flows

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l09-067 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 1530-1534 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

J. Qu ◽

A.S. Ramamurthy ◽

R. Tadayon ◽

Z. Chen

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Turbulence Model ◽

Open Channel ◽

Flow Characteristics ◽

Pressure Head ◽

Flow Parameters ◽

Weir Flow ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control ◽

Measurement And Control

The sharp-crested weir in a rectangular open channel can be used as a simple and accurate device for flow measurement and control in open channels. However, in the past, the solution to this problem was found mainly on the basis of experimental data or through the development of simplified theoretical expressions. In the present study, k-ε turbulence model is applied to obtain the flow parameters such as pressure head distributions, velocity distributions, and water surface profiles. The predictions of the proposed numerical model are validated using existing experimental data. The k-ε turbulence model developed is used to predict the characteristics of a sharp-crested weir in a rectangular open channel. The volume of fluid (VOF) scheme is used to find the shape of the free surface. A properly validated model permits one to obtain the flow characteristics of the sharp-crested weir for a wide range of weir and hydraulic parameters without recourse to expensive and more time consuming experimental methods. Further, the model permits one to incorporate small changes in the geometric parameters involving small changes in inlet and outlet conditions and study their impact on the weir flow characteristics.

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Rapid Thermal Annealing of As in Si

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-52-15 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J. L. Hoyt ◽

J. F. Gibbons

Keyword(s):

Thermal Annealing ◽

Rapid Thermal Annealing ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Depth Profiling ◽

Electrical Characterization ◽

Wide Range ◽

Time Cycle ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

And Control ◽

Measurement And Control

ABSTRACTThe results of a detailed investigation of the diffusion of ion implanted As in Si during Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) are reported. A series of experiments has been performed on samples implanted with As in a wide range of concentrations. The use of an improved thermocouple bonding technique enables precise measurement and control of the temperature versus time cycle for each individual sample. The RTA apparatus is designed to perform high vacuum annealing, eliminating the complications associated with point defect generating mechanisms at the surface, which are known to influence the diffusion of impurities in Si. Sample analysis includes depth profiling by SIMS and RBS, and electrical characterization employing VanderPauw and Spreading Resistance measurements.The resulting profiles have been analyzed via a numerical solution of the diffusion equation subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. With an effective As diffusivity of the form we find good simulation of all measured profiles with the standard values of D0 and D- from SUPREMIII and a one parameter fit to D= Recent results on the redistribution of low dose As implants in heavily phosphorus doped Si illustrate the strong Fermi level dependence. The model has also been successfully used to simulate RTA data in the literature where careful temperature measurements have been made.

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Design of a wide-range non-contact temperature measurement and control system for a 2.45 GHz microwave furnace

IEEE Conference Record - Abstracts. 1999 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. 26th IEEE International Conference (Cat. No.99CH36297) ◽

10.1109/plasma.1999.829396 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

E. Pert ◽

J. Calame ◽

D. Gershon ◽

Y. Carmel ◽

I. Lloyd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Temperature Measurement ◽

Contact Temperature ◽

Measurement And Control System ◽

Microwave Furnace ◽

Wide Range ◽

And Control ◽

Measurement And Control

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Based on the Max038 Digital Function Signal Generator Design

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1252 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 313-314 ◽

pp. 1252-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yi Jun Wang

Keyword(s):

Sine Wave ◽

Signal Generator ◽

Single Chip ◽

Function Generator ◽

Wide Range ◽

Digitally Controlled ◽

Electronic Measurement ◽

Generator Design ◽

And Control ◽

Measurement And Control

£oIn this paper, based on analysis of existing signal generator according to the system of indicators to a reasonable use of single-chip high-frequency precision function generator MAX038 control to produce the periodic waveform of the triangle wave, sine wave and square wave three. MAX038 chip as the core, the use of converters, digitally controlled potentiometers, electronic switches, proportional amplifier waveform type, amplitude, frequency programmable to adjust. The design frequency of mediation a wide range of high stability, and display are intuitive and easy to control. The high precision affordable price can be widely used in a variety of electronic measurement and control applications. Confirmed by the measurement of the effectiveness and feasibility of this program.

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