Sludge-grown algae for culturing aquatic organisms: Part I. Algal growth in sludge extracts

The effects of three common agrochemicals, lindane, methyl parathion and atrazine, on crustacean Daphnia magna, alga Selenastrum capricornutum and marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri were investigated in this study. Methyl parathion was the most toxic compound towards all three organisms, while lindane was more toxic to Daphnia magna and Vibrio fischeri than atrazine, and atrazine was more toxic to Selenastrum capricornutum than lindane. Among the three aquatic organisms, Selenastrum capricornutum was most sensitive in detecting lindane and atrazine toxicity, while Daphnia magna was most sensitive in detecting methyl parathion toxicity. The interactive effects of the pesticides were also investigated. The interactive effect between lindane and methyl parathion on survival of Daphnia magna was synergistic, while the ones between lindane and atrazine and between methyl parathion and atrazine were generally additive. The interactive effect of the three pesticides applied together on Daphnia magna was synergistic. The interactive effect of the three pesticides on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum was antagonistic with few cases of addition, while the effect of all the three pairs of pesticides on algal growth was also antagonistic. The interactive effect of lindane and methyl parathion on Vibrio fischeri was additive.

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Preliminary Studies on the Use of Sawdust and Peanut Shell Powder as Adsorbents for Phosphorus Removal from Water

Emerging Science Journal ◽

10.28991/esj-2019-01166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 33 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marian Asantewah Nkansah ◽

Moses Donkoh ◽

Osei Akoto ◽

James Hawkins Ephraim

Keyword(s):

Phosphorus Removal ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Shell Powder ◽

Total P

Phosphorus is one of the key nutrients that contribute to eutrophication and excess algal growth in rivers and lakes and other surface water bodies. Such algal blooms affect the life of aquatic organisms, especially fishes, and block sunlight from reaching bottom dwelling plants thus inhibiting photosynthesis and stunting growth. In this study, sawdust and peanut shell powder were explored as adsorbents for the removal of phosphorus from aqueous solutions. A series of batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial phosphorus concentration and contact time on the rate of phosphorus removal. The results showed that 78% and 39% of phosphorus was removed by sawdust and peanut shell powder respectively at adsorbate concentrations of 10 mg/l (total P) for a period of 180 min at an adsorbent dosage of 0.4 g. It was also found that the highest phosphorus removal occurred at adsorbent mass of 0.4 g of sawdust and 0.6 for peanut shell powder. Adsorption data were fitted to the linearised forms of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models to determine the water - adsorbent partitioning coefficient. Sawdust proved to be a better adsorbent than peanut shell powder.

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Determination of the Ecotoxicity of Herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro and Garlon New in Aquatic and Terrestrial Environments

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9091203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1203

Author(s):

Lucia Tajnaiová ◽

Radek Vurm ◽

Marina Kholomyeva ◽

Miroslav Kobera ◽

Vladimír Kočí

Keyword(s):

Growth Inhibition ◽

Active Substance ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Aminomethylphosphonic Acid ◽

Desmodesmus Subspicatus ◽

Terrestrial Environments ◽

Agricultural Yields

Herbicides help increase agricultural yields significantly, but they may negatively impact the life of non-target organisms. Modifying the life cycle of primary producers can affect other organisms in the food chain, and consequently in the whole ecosystem. We investigated the effect of common herbicides Roundup® Classic Pro (active substance glyphosate) and Garlon New (triclopyr and fluroxypyr) on aquatic organisms duckweed Lemna minor and green algae Desmodesmus subspicatus, and on the enzymatic activity of soil. We also compared the effects of Roundup® Classic Pro to that of a metabolite of its active substance, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). The results of an algal growth test showed that AMPA has a 1.5× weaker inhibitory effect on the growth of D. subspicatus than the Roundup formula, and the strongest growth inhibition was caused by Garlon New (IC50Roundup = 267.3 µg/L, IC50Garlon = 21.0 µg/L, IC50AMPA = 117.8 mg/L). The results of the duckweed growth inhibition test revealed that Roundup and Garlon New caused 100% growth inhibition of L. minor even at significantly lower concentrations than the ready-to-use concentration. The total chlorophyll content in the fronds was lowest when Garlon New was used. The highest dehydrogenase activity was observed in soil treated with Garlon New, and the lowest in soil treated with Roundup® Classic Pro. The results of this study showed that all three tested substances were ecotoxic to the tested organisms.

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Effects of Nanoplastics on the Dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae Hulburt from the Perspectives of Algal Growth, Oxidative Stress and Hemolysin Production

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102471 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2471

Author(s):

Su-Chun Wang ◽

Fei-Fei Liu ◽

Tian-Yuan Huang ◽

Jin-Lin Fan ◽

Zhi-Yin Gao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Deep Understanding ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Toxin Production ◽

Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽

Amphidinium Carterae ◽

Mda Content ◽

High Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

High Concentrations

Recently, the effects of nanoplastics (NPs) on aquatic organisms have attracted much attention; however, research on the toxicity of NPs to microalgae has been insufficient. In the present study, the effects of polystyrene nanoplastics (nano-PS, 50 nm) on growth inhibition, chlorophyll content, oxidative stress, and algal toxin production of the marine toxigenic dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae Hulburt were investigated. Chlorophyll synthesis was promoted by nano-PS on day 2 but was inhibited on day 4; high concentrations of nano-PS (≥50 mg/L) significantly inhibited the growth of A. carterae. Moreover, despite the combined effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), high reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were still induced by nano-PS (≥50 mg/L), indicating severe lipid peroxidation. In addition, the contents of extracellular and intracellular hemolytic toxins in nano-PS groups were significantly higher than those in control groups on days 2 and 8, except that those of extracellular hemolytic toxins in the 100 mg/L nano-PS group decreased on day 8 because of severe adsorption of hemolytic toxins to the nano-PS. Hence, the effects of nano-PS on A. carterae are closely linked to nano-PS concentration and surface properties and exposure time. These findings provide a deep understanding of the complex effects of NPs on toxigenic microalgae and present valuable data for assessing their environmental risks.

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Effects of antibacterial agents, levofloxacin and clarithromycin, on aquatic organisms

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.338 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (11) ◽

pp. 65-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

N. Yamashita ◽

M. Yasojima ◽

N. Nakada ◽

K. Miyajima ◽

K. Komori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ecological Risk ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Algal Growth ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Reproduction Test ◽

Microtox Test ◽

Median Effective Concentration ◽

Algal Growth Inhibition Test

Contamination of surface waters by pharmaceutical chemicals is an emerging environmental problem. This study evaluated the toxic effects of the antibacterial agents levofloxacin (LVFX) and clarithromycin (CAM), which are widely used in Japan, on aquatic organisms. Ecotoxicity tests using a bacterium, alga and crustacean were conducted. Microtox test using a marine fluorescent bacterium showed that LVFX and CAM have no acute toxicity to the bacterium. From the results of the Daphnia immobilisation test, LVFX and CAM did not show acute toxicity to the crustacean. Meanwhile, an algal growth inhibition test revealed that LVFX and CAM have high toxicity to the microalga. The phytotoxicity of CAM was about 100-fold higher than that of LVFX from a comparison of EC50 (median effective concentration) value. From the Daphnia reproduction test, LVFX and CAM also showed chronic toxicity to the crustacean. Concentrations of LVFX and CAM in the aquatic environment were compared with PNEC (predicted no effect concentration) to evaluate the ecological risk. As a result, the ecological risk of LVFX is considered to be low, but that of CAM is higher, suggesting that CAM discharged into an aquatic environment after therapeutic use may affect organisms in the aquatic environment.

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Vaccines for aquaculture overview

Veterinaria Kubani ◽

10.33861/2071-8020-2020-5-42-43 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 42-43

Author(s):

Andrey S. Khishov ◽

◽

Galina I. Burlakova ◽

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Well Being ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Short Development Time ◽

The Creation ◽

Basic And Applied Research ◽

North And South America ◽

Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

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