Vaccines for aquaculture overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Khishov ◽  
◽  
Galina I. Burlakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Short Development Time ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Basic And Applied Research ◽  
North And South America ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture production is a promising direction for the development of food production. Like traditional types of animal husbandry, it needs effective medicines for veterinary use, which would ensure not only the well-being of farmed aquatic organisms, but also increase the safety of the fish products and non-fish objects of fishing. The development of measures to control epizootic processes in aquatic organisms is impossible without the creation of new immunological preparations. The development and use of immunobiological drugs will reduce the use of antimicrobial agents. The corresponding set of pharmaceutical drugs was transferred from the traditional veterinary medicine, but due to the peculiarities of the biology of aquatic animals, their immunity and the characteristics of specific pathogens, this could not be done with biological products. The short development time in the aquaculture industry poses current challenges in the form of a lack of basic and applied research for relatively poorly understood groups of new pathogens. The immunological processes associated with the development and intensity of the immune response in aquatic organisms require a detailed study. For domestic aquaculture producers, the analysis and dissemination of the experience accumulated by mankind and the application of advanced developments in this area are even more relevant, since Russia is just beginning its path of intensifying aquaculture production. At the same time, it is clear that the prohibition of the use and monitoring of antimicrobial agents in food products and feed requires a change in the approach to the problem and will lead to the creation of new immunobiological drugs. The market for immunobiological preparations for aquaculture is the most promising for development. In the article, the authors provide data on the development and registration of vaccines for aquaculture in Europe, North and South America.

Problems Facing the Arab Pharmaceutical Industry: A Case Study from Yemen

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Shakka ◽  
Ebtesam Abood ◽  
Adel Al-Dhubhany ◽  
Sami Abdo Radman Aldubai ◽  
Khaled Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Pharmaceutical Manufacturer ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs

Because of the almost-instant connection with the welfare and well-being of individuals, pharmaceutical industry stands prominently as a very important factor for the improvement and progress of a healthy productive nation. These days, pharmaceutical industry thrives as one of the largest and exponentially expanding global industries. Nonetheless, millions of people in low income developing countries, have to suffer from the fatal consequences of the inaccessibility and non-availability of essential drugs. This is also happening in Yemen, where the pharmaceutical manufacturers sector have to face up to many challenges. The Yemen Drug Company (YEDCO) was founded in 1964 by the Yemeni government as it collaborated with private investors. It was endorsed as a company with the expertise in the medicinal drug marketing. YEDCO started its work by taking in drugs from foreign companies and then locally marketing and distributing them. In 1982, YEDCO built the first medicinal factory for drugs in Sana’a. Since then, seven companies were set up to manufacture medicines in Yemen. The expanding population has led to the need to have more pharmaceutical products. It may be understandable that pharmaceutical manufacturer companies are also hit by the political crisis in the country. Inadequate amount of fuel and raw material as well as low security status were some of the underlying factors behind these ill-effects in Yemen. Imported drugs make up about nearly 90% % of the pharmaceutical market compared to 10% drugs from the domestic market. This situation has led to an additional burden being shouldered by the national economy, where Yemen spends about US$263 million annually on pharmaceutical drugs, in reference to the national Supreme Drugs Authority. Although there is a very quick growth in the population and drugs consumption, the pharmaceutical industry has not been very active, where global pharmaceutical products play their role dominantly on the domestic market. The pharmaceutical production necessitates skilled human resources like university graduates. By contrast, the government and the private sector should also motivate the pharmaceutical industry and make use of the local employment

ABATEMENT OF ANTICANCER DRUGS VIA ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION PROCESS: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
CHARULATA SIVODIA ◽  
ALOK SINHA
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽  
Cytostatic Drugs ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Pharmaceutical Removal ◽  
Mutagenic Effects ◽  
Made In

The advancement made in biomedical industry upsurges the consumption rate of pharmaceutical drugs. The lack of proper monitoring and regulation methods leads to the unregulated discharge of pharmaceuticals in wastewater, where it can affect the aquatic organisms. Anticancer drugs are also known as cytostatic drugs mainly used for the treatment of cancer by disrupting the cell function and prevent multiplication of cancerous cell. Therefore, anticancer drugs are suspected to pose potential risk on environment by influencing mutagenic effects on the cells of aquatic organisms. An extensive research has been already made in the field of pharmaceutical removal, however their application on the removal of anticancer drugs is limited. This review paper elucidates about different electrochemical techniques for the mitigation of cytostatic drugs.

THE TREND OF CHANGES IN PRICES AND TARIFFS FOR UTILITIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SUGHD REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Ustuvorshokh A. Kuliyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Housing Sector ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Management Groups

The article discusses the features of the regulation of the housing and communal services market. It was noted that the housing sector is one of the key and plays a key role in human life. Utilities are highly dependent on a person’s well-being and health. The article presents an analysis of the growth in prices for utilities and housing, taking into account the available statistics. Also, in connection with the growth of paid services, including the cost of housing and communal services in the Sughd region of the Republic of Tajikistan, an analysis of wages and other economic indicators was carried out. In the article, the author explains the development of the industry with proposals for the reform of housing and communal services, the implementation of tariffs, the creation of management groups near residential buildings.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

The budget of a Corsican stem family

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTOINE MARCHINI
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Family Household ◽  
The Family ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Economic Well Being

This article provides a detailed analysis of the income and expenditure of a stem family household from Bastelica, Corsica, based on information collected in 1867 and 1887 according to the scheme recommended by Frédéric Le Play. The budget indicates the work undertaken by each member of the family and which economic activities were most valuable to the family in terms of the income they generated and the level of profit. The primary resource of the family was its members, as the family used almost no non-family labour. The composition of the household, and the distribution of its members in terms of age and sex, were therefore critical for its economic well-being. Members of the family contributed their labour according to their sex, age and place within the household. Males were better paid than females but each son received more than his father and the daughters were better paid than their mother. Apart from the father, the less well paid the family member, the longer the time they were at work. In addition, the two highly paid sons were unemployed for more than half of the year. This provided a reserve of labour in the event of a rise in the ratio of consumers to workers within the family. The economy of the family was based on the exploitation of its patrimony and on animal husbandry. Food constituted the largest single item of expenditure but the diet of this family did not provide the 2,800 calories of the average diet in France between 1855 and 1874.

The Preconditions of Social Identity of a Small State in Transition to Democracy

1998 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Jurate Morkuniene
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of social identity consists of two parts. First, it means protection against threats to the nation’s existence and well-being. Second, it means the search for measures and possibilities to achieve the goals of social development and improvement. Social identity implies the creation and preservation of conditions in which each citizen can develop as educated, creative and responsible persons. Today, especially for nations throughout the former Soviet Union, the chief danger to social identity lies in the adverse conditions of continued underdevelopment. It follows that for these nations, identity means first of all development. The essential condition for a small nation’s identity and survival is based on the people’s resolution to rely on themselves and to envision the potential for their own country. The modern strategy for ensuring social identity would essentially rely on the principle that every citizen is part of the national identity, i.e., its active agent. For this reason, of central importance is the creation of equal starting possibilities (equality of opportunities) for everyone.

The Patronymic of Her Choice

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-55
Author(s):  
Mie Nakachi
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Vision ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses

As the victory over the Nazis came into sight and the demographic disaster became apparent, the Soviet leadership keenly felt the need to strengthen pronatalist policy. Several proposals submitted in 1943–1944 expanded existing pronatalist measures without a fundamental change in the vision of population growth. However, Khrushchev, proconsul of devastated Ukraine, submitted the most comprehensive overhaul based on a new vision for population and pronatalism. The government policy reveals a two-faced practice of Bolshevik language, claiming to “protect motherhood” when addressing the masses, and non-Bolshevik discourse, population engineering language, among the top leadership. In the final law, policymakers prioritized giving men the incentive to father extramarital children over assuring the overall well-being of unmarried mothers and their children. This chapter traces the creation of the 1944 Family Law, legislation that definitively shaped the postwar generation in a deeply gendered manner.

scholarly journals AN IMPLICATION OF ACTINOMYCETES ON HUMAN WELL-BEING: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
ALI MOHAMMED ABDULLAH BAWAZIR ◽  
PALAKSHA ◽  
MANJULA SHANTARAM ◽  
MANJULA SHANTARAM
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
All Diseases

This review conceptualizes about the actinomycetes and its contribution to human health by playing a key role as bioactive secondary metabolites, such as enzymes, antibiotics and pigments, leading to their diverse applications and use in various industries. These searches have been uncommonly successful, and around 66% of naturally happening antibiotics, including many medically important, have been isolated from actinomycetes. The speedy occurrence of antimicrobial resistance among pathogens has led to a renewed interest to search for novel antimicrobial agents, but these antibiotics are not enough for the treatment of all diseases because there is a berserk requirement for a novel actinomycetes to combat against the antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms, which are quickly expanding bit by bit. Actinomycetes are the important providers to the pharmaceutical and other industries and are well known for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites many of which are active against pathogenic microorganisms.

Toxic Impacts of Pesticide Mixtures on The Morphology of Red Shiner (Cyprinella Lutrensis) Gills At 23°C and 30°C

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Messaad
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Aquatic Habitats ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures ◽  
Soil Pests ◽  
Cyprinella Lutrensis

Herbicides and insecticides are applied in agriculture sequentially or simultaneously to control broadleaf weeds, corn rootworm larvae, and other soil pests. Pesticide application creates the potential for movement to aquatic habitats via sediment or runoff, hence affects non-target aquatic organisms. Histopathological changes of gill tissues have been suggested as powerful and sensitive measures of stress and well-being offish. Atrazine and terbufos were found to cause tissue damage and mortality in fish. Literature concerning the effects of pesticide mixtures to fish and other animals at the histopathological level are rare. The present study focused on the impacts of atrazine and terbufos mixtures on fish gills.Cyprinella lutrensis were obtained from the Platte River in Nebraska, USA and maintained in the laboratory at 23 °C and 30 °C. They were exposed to 0, 1μg terbufos + 10 μg atrazine L-1, 10 μg terbufos + 100 μg atrazine L-1, and 100 μg terbufos + 1000 μg atrazine L-1.

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