Changes in susceptibility of bean leaves (Phaseolus vulgaris) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea by pre-inoculative ozone exposures

1993 ◽  
Vol 99 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. G. Tonneijck ◽  
G. Leone
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Bean Leaves

scholarly journals Effects of Some Plant Extracts, Bioagents, and Organic Compounds on Botrytis and Sclerotinia Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Abdel Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Malek ◽  
Mohamed Ghobara
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bean Leaves

<em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> are necrotrophic fungi and are closely related pathogenic fungi that infect hundreds of plant species worldwide. In this study, the natural botryticidal/scleroticidal efficacy of some plant extracts, bioagents, and organic compounds known to possess antifungal activity was evaluated. Pathogenicity tests of the fungal molds showed virulence divergence, depending on the isolate and host plant. All <em>B. cinerea</em> isolates, except the BF isolate that infected only broad bean leaves, demonstrated ability to infect detached lettuce and broad bean leaves. Moreover, all <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> isolates, except for SSP, demonstrated ability to infect the two plant species, whereas the SSB isolate did not cause any infection in broad bean leaves. The efficacies of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (Mor), <em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> (Cin), amino acid derivatives (Aad), <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (TH), <em>Cactus</em> spp. (Agr), and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BS) were tested either in vitro or in vivo against the highly virulent isolates of the two pathogenic fungi. The efficacy of most potential biofungicides was consistent in vitro as well as in vivo, and the inhibitory efficacy of TH, BS, Cin, Mor, and Aad treatments was significantly high against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> in vitro and ranged from 62% to 100%, depending on the isolate. In addition, BS, Aad, TH, and Mor treatments had significant inhibitory effects ranging from 53% to 100% against most of the isolates on lettuce leaves. The Agr and Cin treatments exhibited low or no inhibitory effects against many isolates in vivo, and they reduced the mold infection caused by only BCC and SSB isolates. Most of the tested potential biofungicide treatments tended to reduce mold infections, and some of them, such as Cin, exhibited a higher inhibitory effect in vitro than the others. Real-time PCR was conducted for some symptomatic/asymptomatic samples, and the results showed either consistent molecular/symptomatic patterns or latency of <em>B. cinerea</em>. The results confirmed the suitability of the studied natural compounds as effective biofungicides, and they could be the best choice to safely control the most destructive fungal molds.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Terán ◽  
S P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Nueva Granada

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Effect of organic solvent on fungicide toxicity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea

2016 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Liang ◽  
Xiao-Ming Lu ◽  
Zu-Qing Zhu ◽  
Fu-Xing Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Micromycetes on Pisum sativum var. arvense

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Joanna Marcinkowska
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Mycosphaerella Pinodes ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
The Common

Seeds of 11 Austrian winter pea genotypes, harvested at Radzików (CEP) in 1993 and 1994, were evaluated for fungi occurrence on Coon's agar medium in Petri plates. Number of species isolated depended on the genotype and year of collection. <i>Alternaria alternata, Stemphylium botryosum</i> were found on all the tested samples and <i>Phoma pinodella</i> and <i>Fusarium poae</i> were also common while <i>Botrytis cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Mycosphaerella pinodes</i> appeared to be common only in 1993. Three species occurred only once. The mycoflora was richer in 1993. The common seed inhabitants usually transmitted higher percentage of fungi than species occuring more seldom.

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