scholarly journals Effects of Some Plant Extracts, Bioagents, and Organic Compounds on Botrytis and Sclerotinia Molds

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala Abdel Wahab ◽  
Ahmed Malek ◽  
Mohamed Ghobara
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Bean Leaves

<em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> are necrotrophic fungi and are closely related pathogenic fungi that infect hundreds of plant species worldwide. In this study, the natural botryticidal/scleroticidal efficacy of some plant extracts, bioagents, and organic compounds known to possess antifungal activity was evaluated. Pathogenicity tests of the fungal molds showed virulence divergence, depending on the isolate and host plant. All <em>B. cinerea</em> isolates, except the BF isolate that infected only broad bean leaves, demonstrated ability to infect detached lettuce and broad bean leaves. Moreover, all <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> isolates, except for SSP, demonstrated ability to infect the two plant species, whereas the SSB isolate did not cause any infection in broad bean leaves. The efficacies of <em>Moringa oleifera</em> (Mor), <em>Cinnamomum zeylanicum</em> (Cin), amino acid derivatives (Aad), <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> (TH), <em>Cactus</em> spp. (Agr), and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (BS) were tested either in vitro or in vivo against the highly virulent isolates of the two pathogenic fungi. The efficacy of most potential biofungicides was consistent in vitro as well as in vivo, and the inhibitory efficacy of TH, BS, Cin, Mor, and Aad treatments was significantly high against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</em> in vitro and ranged from 62% to 100%, depending on the isolate. In addition, BS, Aad, TH, and Mor treatments had significant inhibitory effects ranging from 53% to 100% against most of the isolates on lettuce leaves. The Agr and Cin treatments exhibited low or no inhibitory effects against many isolates in vivo, and they reduced the mold infection caused by only BCC and SSB isolates. Most of the tested potential biofungicide treatments tended to reduce mold infections, and some of them, such as Cin, exhibited a higher inhibitory effect in vitro than the others. Real-time PCR was conducted for some symptomatic/asymptomatic samples, and the results showed either consistent molecular/symptomatic patterns or latency of <em>B. cinerea</em>. The results confirmed the suitability of the studied natural compounds as effective biofungicides, and they could be the best choice to safely control the most destructive fungal molds.

scholarly journals Mycobiota of rape seeds in Romania. II. Evaluation of potential antagonistic fungi isolated from rape seeds against the main pathogens of rape crop

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Tatiana-Eugenia Şesan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Soil Borne Fungi

<em>In vitro </em>relationships between identified seed- and soil-borne fungi from rape samples have been investigated in order to evaluate their antagonistic ability as potential biocontrol agents. The bioproduct obtained from the <em>Trichoderma viride </em>Pers. (strain Td50) has been tested <em>in vivo </em>against the main phytopathogens of rape: <em>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum </em>(Lib.) de Bary, <em>Botrytis cinerea </em>Pers., <em>Alternaria </em>spp. and <em>Fusarium </em>spp. in greenhouse at the Laboratory of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Biology Faculty, University of Bucharest – Romania and in the field at the Agricultural Experimental Research-Development Station Caracal (AERDS), Olt district. The <em>T. viride </em>(strain Td50) bioproduct formulated as a powder for the seed treatment has been effective in the protection of rape plantlets against the above mentioned phytopathogens.

Seleção e Prospecção de Rizobactérias para o Controle Biológico do Mofo Branco em Espécies de Crotalaria spp

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Laís Mayara Melo Duré ◽  
Lara Rezek Rochaa ◽  
Ellen Juliete Damasceno Capurro ◽  
Bianca Obês Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Seed Pathology ◽  
Seed Analysis ◽  
Detached Leaves

O objetivo do trabalho foi isolar micro-organismos de diferentes nichos e avaliar a capacidade dos mesmos no controle de patógenos invitro (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum e Fusarium solani) e in vivo (S. sclerotiorum), além da promoção do crescimento de Crotalaria sp. Asamostras de solo foram pesadas e diluídas para obtenção dos micro-organismos. Nos testes in vitro, as colônias bacterianas, que apresentaram crescimento, foram submetidas ao confrontamento direto com os fungos fitopatogênicos. Para análise fisiológica das sementes de Crotalaria sp, as sementes foram distribuídas em caixas gerbox contendo papel filtro umedecido com água destilada e incubadas a 20-30 ºC por 10 dias. Também foram testadas a antibiose de escleródios em meio líquido. O delineamento usado foi DIC e os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e comparados por Tukey a 0,5%. Além disso, foi realizada a patologia de sementes tratadas com as bactérias Fit-03 e Fit-04, além da microbiolização das sementes para avaliação da promoção do crescimento em casa de vegetação. Dos 51 isolados, seis foram capazes de produzir substâncias capazes de inibir o crescimento micelial do F. solani e três de S. sclerotiorum. Na avaliação da capacidade de controle de micro-organismos sobre as sementes das duas espécies de Crotalaria sp, Fit-03 e Fit-04 reduziram a incidência de fungos como Aspergillus e Penicillium. Pode-se afirmar que os isolados Fit-03 e Fit-04 apresentam potencial de uso no controle biológico do mofo branco em plantas de Crotalaria sp., bem como amplo espectro de ação.Palavras-chave: Antibiose. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolização de Sementes.AbstractThe objective was to isolate microorganisms of different niches and assess the ability of these in vitro control pathogens (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium solani) and in vivo (S. sclerotiorum) in addition to promoting the growth of Crotalaria sp. Soil samples were weighed and diluted to obtain the microorganisms. In in vitro tests the bacterial colonies that grew were subjected to direct confrontation with the pathogenic fungi. For physiological seed analysis Crotalaria sp. the seeds were distributed in gerbox boxes containing filter paper moistened with distilled water and incubated at 20-30 ° C for 10 days. Antibiosis sclerotia were also tested in liquid medium. The design used was DIC and the data were subjected to analysis of variance and compared by Tukey 0.5%. In addition, there was the seed pathology treated with the Fit-03 bacteria and Fit-04, in addition to microbiolization seeds for evaluation of growth promotion in greenhouse and also spraying the same in detached leaves of C. junceae and C. spectabillis and pathogen inoculation. After 51 isolates, six were able to produce substances capable of inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. solani and three S. sclerotiorum. In the evaluation of microorganisms control capability on the seeds of the two species of Crotalaria sp, Fit-Fit-03 and 04 reduced the incidence of fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. It can be said that the Fit-03 isolated and Fit-04 have potential use in biological control of white mold in plant Crotalaria sp., as well as a broad spectrum of action.Keywords: Antibiosis. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Microbiolization seeds.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Essential Bacterial Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolase Activity by Tropical Plant Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Hana McFeeters ◽  
Morgan J. Gilbert ◽  
Rachel M. Thompson ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Luis R. Cruz-Vera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Lead Compounds ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Inhibitory Components ◽  
Essential Enzyme

Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolase (Pth) is a highly conserved, essential enzyme in bacteria. It removes the peptide portion from peptidyl-tRNA, returning free tRNAs to participate in translation. Build-up of peptidyl-tRNAs is toxic and defects in Pth function result in cell death. Herein we use in vitro activity of recombinant E. coli Pth to screen tropical plant extracts for inhibition. Multiple extracts were found to have inhibitory activity with some exhibiting different inhibitory effects depending on extraction conditions. IC50 values ranged from 0.02 to > 53.8 μg of extract per 1 unit of Pth, holding promise for in vivo screening. The inhibitory components in these extracts may serve as lead compounds for development of novel antibacterials.

scholarly journals Ultra-Structural Alterations in Botrytis cinerea—The Causal Agent of Gray Mold—Treated with Salt Solutions

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khamis Youssef ◽  
Sergio Ruffo Roberto ◽  
Admilton G. de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Grape Berries

Potassium bicarbonate (PB), calcium chelate (CCh), and sodium silicate (SSi) have been extensively used as antifungal generally recognized as safe (GRAS) compounds against plant pathogenic fungi. In this research, in in vitro tests, the radial growth, conidial germination, and germ tube elongation of Botrytis cinerea was completely inhibited at 0.3% of PB, SSi, and CCh. In in vivo tests, application of PB, SSi, and CCh completely inhibited the occurrence of gray mold incidence of inoculated ‘Italia’ grape berries at concentrations of 1.0, 0.8, and 0.8%, respectively. In order to investigate the detailed mechanisms by which salts exhibited antifungal activity, we analyzed their influence on morphological changes by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and also on reactive species of oxygen (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Defects such as malformation and excessive septation were detected on salt-treated hyphae morphology observed by SEM. The internal structure of conidia treated or not with salt solutions was examined by TEM. In treated conidia, most of the conidia were affected and cellular vacuolization and cytoplasmic disorganization was observed. For ROS accumulation, a higher increase was observed in fluorescent conidia in presence of PB, SSi, and CCh by 75, 68, and 70% as compared to control, respectively. MMP was significantly decreased after salt application indicating a loss of mitochondria function. Also, luminescence showed that B. cinerea-conidia treated with salts contained less ATP than the untreated conidia. The results obtained herein are a step towards a comprehensive understanding of the mode of action by which salts act as antifungal agents against B. cinerea.

scholarly journals In vitro Control of the Fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. with Plant Extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca MICLEA ◽  
Carmen PUIA
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Plant Extraction

The gray mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers., is an economically important disease of plants throughout the world. It is common on vegetable crops, soft fruits, ornamental plants and grapevine, and occurs in greenhouses and in the field as well as in storage and transport. Plant extracts and their purified compounds have antibacterial, antiviral and fungicidal effects both in vitro and in vivo. Their properties were attributed mainly to alkaloids, several flavonoids and phenolic acids. This study was made in order to establish the materials and the methods most used for the in vitro control of the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. with plant extracts – types of plant extracts, the most appropriate culture media, methods of inoculation, methods of extraction and methods for testing the antifungal effect of the plant extracts against the phytopathogenic fungus. The most used medium was PDA (potato dextrose agar). Conform to the literature data this medium is the most suitable for the development of this fungus, the growth of the mycelium, the conidia growing and the formation of sclerotia. As plant extraction method, the hydrodistilation is the most ancient method of distillation and the most versatile. Reviewed methods used for testing the efficacy of natural products (plant extracts) were: the agar diffusion method, the poisoned food technique, the radial growth test, the conidial germination assay, the microathmosphere method, the technique of Thompson.

Inhibitory effects of epimedium herb water extract on the inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
YC Oh ◽  
YH Jeong ◽  
WK Cho ◽  
SJ Lee ◽  
JY Ma
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

The Effects of Brinolase (Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Aspergillus Oryzae) on Platelet Aggregation of Dog and Man

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 031-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. E Roschlau ◽  
R Gage
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Aspergillus Oryzae ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Fibrinolytic Enzyme ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Blood Platelet Aggregation

SummaryInhibition of blood platelet aggregation by brinolase (fibrinolytic enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae) has been demonstrated with human platelets in vitro and with dog platelets in vivo and in vitro, using both ADP and collagen as aggregating stimuli. It is suggested that the optimal inhibitory effects of brinolase occur indirectly through the generation of plasma fibrinogen degradation products, without compromising platelet viability, rather than by direct proteolysis of platelet structures.

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