Response of Douglas fir seedlings to nitrate and ammonium nitrogen sources at different levels of pH and iron supply

1978 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Van Den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Iron Supply ◽  
Different Levels

Prediction of Frost Hardiness in Douglas Fir Seedlings by Measuring Electrical Impedance in Stems at Different Frequencies

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van den Driessche
Keyword(s):  
Survival Data ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Impedance Measurements ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Short Days

Frost hardiness of Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii Mirb. Franco.) plants was assessed by a range of freezing tests in three experiments. In experiments 1 and 2 plants were grown in different temperature regimes, under short days, for 8 weeks to induce different levels of frost hardiness. In experiment 3, plants remained in the open and were sampled on 21 occasions through one year.Comparison of stem impedance measurements made at 1 kHz, 4.5 kHz, and 1 MHz, before and after freezing tests in experiments 1 and 2, indicated survival of individual plants was well predicted by post test measurements. The postfreezing test 1 kHz/1 MHz ratio distinguished between dead and surviving plants with the smallest number of measurements. Both this ratio and 4.5 kHz impedance provided similar conclusions about treatment effects, which agreed satisfactorily with conclusions from survival data. Impedance ratios of 1 kHz/1 MHz measured in stems after freezing tests accurately predicted survival in experiment 3. Seasonal changes in ratio, determined after freezing to a particular temperature, paralleled seasonal change in plant frost hardiness and was significantly correlated with exposure to cold during 14 days prior to measurement.

EFFECT OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS ON PERITHECIAL FORMATION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROSS ◽  
FRANCES D. J. BREMNER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
The Media

Perithecia of Venturia inaequalis did not form in a basal medium to which was added ammonium sulfate, chloride, phosphate or tartrate as the sole sources of nitrogen, when the pH of the medium was allowed to fall to inhibitory levels. Perithecia formed with these ammonium salts as nitrogen sources when calcium carbonate was added to control the pH. With ammonium carbonate and oxalate there was no appreciable change in pH, and perithecia formed with these salts as nitrogen sources. Perithecia did not form in media with leucine as a nitrogen source. Formation of perithecia with other amino acids depended on the concentration of amino-nitrogen in the media. A substance toxic to perithecial formation may form in cultures containing leucine; if so, it is produced in different amounts by the two isomers and the racemic mixture of this amino acid.

scholarly journals Assessment of Nutrients Recovery Capacity and Biomass Growth of Four Microalgae Species in Anaerobic Digestion Effluent

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Paraskevi Psachoulia ◽  
Sofia-Natalia Schortsianiti ◽  
Urania Lortou ◽  
Spyros Gkelis ◽  
Christos Chatzidoukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Assimilation Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Desmodesmus Communis ◽  
Microalgae Growth

Four microalgae species were evaluated for their bioremediation capacity of anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) rich in ammonium nitrogen, derived from a biogas plant. Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella sorokiniana, Desmodesmus communis and Stichococcus sp. were examined for their nutrient assimilation efficiency, biomass production and composition through their cultivation in 3.7% v/v ADE; their performance was compared with standard cultivation media which consisted in different nitrogen sources, i.e., BG-11NO3 and BG-11ΝΗ4 where N-NO3 was replaced by N-NH4. The results justified ammonium as the most preferable source of nitrogen for microalgae growth. Although Stichococcus sp. outperformed the other 3 species in N-NH4 removal efficiency both in BG-11NH4 and in 3.7% ADE (reaching up to 90.79% and 69.69% respectively), it exhibited a moderate biomass production when it was cultivated in diluted ADE corresponding to 0.59 g/L, compared to 0.89 g/L recorded by C. vulgaris and 0.7 g/L by C. sorokiniana and D. communis. Phosphorus contained in the effluent and in the control media was successfully consumed by all of the species, although its removal rate was found to be affected by the type of nitrogen source used and the particular microalgae species. The use of ADE as cultivation medium resulted in a significant increase in carbohydrates content in all investigated species.

scholarly journals Nitrate and Ammonium Leaching Losses from N Fertilizers Applied to `Penncross' Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Mancino ◽  
Joseph Troll
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Leaching Losses ◽  
Greenhouse Study

Combining frequent N applications and irrigations for turfgrasses grown in sandy soils is a common occurrence on golf course putting greens. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine leaching losses of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen from `Penncross' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) growing on an 80 sand:20 peat soil mixture following frequent, moderately heavy irrigations and light or moderate N fertilizer applications. Nitrogen sources included calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea, urea formaldehyde and isobutylediene diurea. Application levels were 9.76 kg N/ha per 7 days and 19.52 kg N/ha per 14 days for 10 weeks. Irrigation equivalent to 38 mm·week-1 was applied in three equal applications. Overall, 46% of the applied water leached. Total leaching losses were <0.5% of the applied N. Nitrate represented the major portion of the leached N, with ammonium losses being negligible. There were no differences between sources when applied at these levels. In a second study, a single 48.8 kg N/ha application resulted in higher leaching losses of N, but only calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate had total losses > 2% (2.80% and 4.13%, respectively, over an n-day period). Nitrate concentrations were found to exceed 45 mg·liter-1 for ammonium nitrate.

scholarly journals Assessing Differences in Competitive Effects Among Tree Species in Central British Columbia, Canada

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Stella Britwum Acquah ◽  
Peter L. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Interior Spruce ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Over Time

Research Highlights: We investigated the competitive interactions among three tree species (interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco), interior spruce (Picea glauca [Moench] Voss × Picea engelmannii Engelm.), and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex Loud. var. latifolia Englem.)) in multi-aged stands in central British Columbia, Canada. Background and Objectives: Understanding competitive interactions among tree species in mixed-species stands is fundamental to supporting silvicultural decision-making in such stands. Using the periodic annual basal area increment for single trees as our dependent variable, we investigated whether neighboring trees competed with subject trees independently of species identity. We also examined the differences in single-tree basal area growth among the three conifer species over time under different levels of competition. Materials and Methods: We developed several spatially explicit, single-tree basal area growth models for interior Douglas-fir, interior spruce, and lodgepole pine using data from 16 plots in two blocks of a long-term study (five measurements over a 21-year period) on the response to pre-commercial thinning. We compared these equations to assess whether intraspecific or interspecific competition predominated. We also examined the differences in basal area growth among the three conifer species over time under different levels of competition. Results: We found asymmetrical relationships between the conifer trees and their neighbors for all species, indicating that the main driver limiting growth in these stands is aboveground competition for light. There was evidence of higher intraspecific competition for small (<10.0 cm DBH) interior Douglas-fir in one block. However, there was no general pattern among larger subject trees with respect to the identity of neighborhood competitive effects and the equivalence of neighbors. We observed a higher level of basal area growth over time for interior Douglas-fir than for lodgepole pine and interior spruce, irrespective of the competition intensity and, not surprisingly, the growth rate declined with increasing competition levels for the three species. Conclusions: Our results provide an understanding of how interior Douglas-fir stands will develop over time and information on species interactions that could help forest managers explore different silvicultural options and their effects on individual tree growth in these complex stands.

The growth of Luffa aegyptiaca in response to various nitrogen sources and concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya ◽  
Olusola O. Lakanmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The growth responses of Luffa aegyptiaca to various nitrogen sources and concentrations were investigated. In sand culture at high concentrations of nitrogen, the species showed equally favourable responses to nitrate nitrogen (KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4), and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen (NH4NO3). There was poor growth in response to NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, and a solution lacking nitrogen. In lateritic soil, the species responded better to ammonium nitrogen and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen than to nitrate nitrogen. Growth was generally poorer in lateritic soil than in sand. Neither the nitrogen sources nor their concentrations had any significant effect on root weight or the leaf weight ratio. There was a significant decrease in growth as nitrogen concentration decreased in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments but it was only at the low concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 that growth was significantly reduced. The shoot: root mass ratio decreased as nitrogen concentration decreased. The nature of the growth media and the ecological habit of the species are used to partly explain its responses to different nitrogen sources and concentrations. The possible application of these results to increasing the production of L. aegyptiaca is also discussed.

Effect of various nitrogen sources on growth of Sclerotinia

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potassium Nitrite

A wide range in growth responses was obtained by two isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) d By. in stationary culture in a synthetic liquid medium containing a number of nitrogen sources representing both organic and inorganic forms. Good sources of nitrogen were casein hydrolysate, L-proline, DL-asparagine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, L-alanine, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, L-tryptophan, ammonium sulfate, and DL-phenylalanine. Poor nitrogen sources included potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite, DL-lysine, L-valine, L-cysteine, DL-threonine, and DL-methionine. An additional eight sources were intermediate in the amount of growth supported. Growth by the S. trifoliorum isolates on the ammonium nitrogen sources was significantly greater than on the nitrate sources. No such difference was observed for the S. sclerotiorum isolates. DL-Phenylalanine ranked much lower and L-glutamic acid and calcium nitrate much higher as nitrogen sources for the S. sclerotiorum isolates than for S. trifoliorum isolates. Significant differences between the isolates of each species were observed on a number of nitrogen sources.

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