The growth of Luffa aegyptiaca in response to various nitrogen sources and concentrations

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2283-2287
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya ◽  
Olusola O. Lakanmi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

The growth responses of Luffa aegyptiaca to various nitrogen sources and concentrations were investigated. In sand culture at high concentrations of nitrogen, the species showed equally favourable responses to nitrate nitrogen (KNO3 or Ca(NO3)2), ammonium nitrogen ((NH4)2SO4), and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen (NH4NO3). There was poor growth in response to NaNO3, CO(NH2)2, and a solution lacking nitrogen. In lateritic soil, the species responded better to ammonium nitrogen and the combination of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen than to nitrate nitrogen. Growth was generally poorer in lateritic soil than in sand. Neither the nitrogen sources nor their concentrations had any significant effect on root weight or the leaf weight ratio. There was a significant decrease in growth as nitrogen concentration decreased in KNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 treatments but it was only at the low concentrations of (NH4)2SO4 and NH4NO3 that growth was significantly reduced. The shoot: root mass ratio decreased as nitrogen concentration decreased. The nature of the growth media and the ecological habit of the species are used to partly explain its responses to different nitrogen sources and concentrations. The possible application of these results to increasing the production of L. aegyptiaca is also discussed.

Nitrogen requirements of the genus Linderina

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
Christina Chan
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Better Than

The influence of different nitrogen sources on the growth of Linderina was examined in liquid culture. Both species of Linderina were unable to assimilate nitrate nitrogen and nitrite seemed to be toxic. Ammonium nitrogen was used but the growth response was considerably lower than that with some organic nitrogen materials. Inclusion in the growth medium of succinic acid as a carbon source failed to improve the assimilation of ammonium.Amino nitrogen as aspartic acid and asparagine gave good growth though not as good as with L- or DL-glutamic acid. The response to DL-glutamic acid was markedly better than to the L-isomer whereas the D-isomer gave relatively poor growth.

Effect of various nitrogen sources on growth of Sclerotinia

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Casein Hydrolysate ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Nitrate Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potassium Nitrite

A wide range in growth responses was obtained by two isolates each of Sclerotinia trifoliorum Erikss. and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) d By. in stationary culture in a synthetic liquid medium containing a number of nitrogen sources representing both organic and inorganic forms. Good sources of nitrogen were casein hydrolysate, L-proline, DL-asparagine, L-arginine, L-glutamic acid, L-aspartic acid, L-histidine, L-alanine, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, L-tryptophan, ammonium sulfate, and DL-phenylalanine. Poor nitrogen sources included potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite, DL-lysine, L-valine, L-cysteine, DL-threonine, and DL-methionine. An additional eight sources were intermediate in the amount of growth supported. Growth by the S. trifoliorum isolates on the ammonium nitrogen sources was significantly greater than on the nitrate sources. No such difference was observed for the S. sclerotiorum isolates. DL-Phenylalanine ranked much lower and L-glutamic acid and calcium nitrate much higher as nitrogen sources for the S. sclerotiorum isolates than for S. trifoliorum isolates. Significant differences between the isolates of each species were observed on a number of nitrogen sources.

Structure and chemical composition of yeast chlamydospores of Aureobasidium pullulans

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Brown ◽  
Louis A. Hanic ◽  
May Hsiao
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Yeastlike Cells

Cellular form in Aureobasidium pullulons can be partially controlled by nitrogen nutrition. Ammonium nitrogen supports a mixture of filamentous and yeastlike growth, whereas only a few filaments develop on nitrate nitrogen. On nitrate 97% of the cell material consists of a mixture of yeastlike cells and chlamydospores. Chlamydospores are produced on both nitrogen sources; however, with ammonium nitrogen chlamydospores occur in an intercalar position, whereas nitrate nitrogen supports development of chlamydospores as separate structures containing one, two, or occasionally three cells. This mode of production allows separation of yeast chlamydospores from other cell types and subsequent isolation of their cell walls. Yeast chlamydospores and filaments have an electron dense, melanin-rich, granular, outer cell-wall layer which yeastlike cells lack. This granular material is also found in cross walls of filaments and chlamydospores. Glucose is the main component of chlamydospore walls and accounts for 36% of the dry weight. Yeastlike cell walls contain only 13% glucose, but more mannose, galactose, and bound lipid. Most of the glucan portion of chlamydospore walls is insoluble in dilute alkali; methylation analysis indicates that this material contains linear chains of (1 → 3) and (1 → 6) linked glucose. About one residue in five forms a branch point having both (1 → 3) and (1 → 6) linkages.

Interactions between nitrogen sources and xylose affecting growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity in Bipolaris maydis race T

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2102-2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Evans ◽  
Candace L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Bipolaris Maydis

The effect of 23 organic and 3 inorganic nitrogen sources on growth, sporulation, and polyphenoloxidase activity was measured in Bipolaris maydis race T incubated with or without a xylose supplement. Mycelial dry weight tends to be highest on acidic and other polar amino acids and least on nonpolar ones; organic nitrogen sources generally result in greater dry weight than inorganic ones. Changes in nitrogen concentration and pH of media influence growth and sporulation, but only pH alters the relative effectiveness of the nitrogen sources on these processes. The addition of xylose to the growth media has little effect on growth. However, in the presence of lysine, serine, asparagine, glycine, γ-alanine, alanine, and α-aminobutyrate, xylose causes an increase in sporulation and a concomitant decrease in polyphenoloxidase activity. There is no consistent pattern resulting from xylose addition in the presence of the other nitrogen sources.

Nitrogen Loads in Leaching Waters of Soils in Different Lands under the Conditions of Natural Rains in Dachong Watershed in Yun-Gui Plateau of PRC

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 552-559
Author(s):  
Zhen Hong Wang ◽  
Chang Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Nitrogen Loads ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Open Forests ◽  
High Output

It is crucial to understand the nitrogen output loads in leaching water of soils in different lands controlling non-point source pollution. Leaching water collecting devices were installed in soils of 7 kinds of typical land use types in a representative watershed to collect water samples and evaluate output loads of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen under the conditions of natural rains. Results showed that concentration of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen in leaching water from vegetable fields and slope croplands were significantly higher than those from other lands. The concentration of these three indexes in leaching water from rice fields was lowest during the whole growing period except for seedling establishment and tillering stages among slope croplands, terraced fields and paddy fields. With the growth of crops and increasing depth of soils, different-typed nitrogen concentration in leaching water from different lands gradually decreased. Slope croplands, terraced lands and secondary evergreen broadleaf forests generated high output loads of nitrogen pollutants but rice fields and vegetable fields not due to less leaching water and open forests and sugiki forests not due to low nitrogen concentration in leaching waters. On the average, the output loads of TN, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen were 179.764 kg•ha-1，103.645 kg•ha-1 and 7.431kg• ha-1 in the watershed. The study revealed the intensity of nitrogen pollution from different land uses in typical watershed of Yun-Gui plateau.

The mineral nutrition of Luffa aegyptiaca

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 2124-2132
Author(s):  
Olubukanla T. Okusanya
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
High Nutrient ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Appreciable Reduction

Five greenhouse experiments and a field experiment were carried out to determine the nutrient requirements of Luffa aegyptiaca L. by quantitatively determining the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium on its growth in sand culture and in poor lateritic soil. The effects of three pH regimes were also investigated. The species grew best at pH 6.5. When grown in a medium of pH 3.5, there was a significant reduction in growth at low nutrient levels, but at high nutrient levels there was no appreciable reduction in growth. The lack of any of the four nutrient elements limited growth in sand culture, but nitrogen and phosphorus seem to be the major elements limiting growth in the poor lateritic soil with calcium being required in lesser quantities. Suggestions were also made as to the possible application of these results to increase the production of L. aegyptiaca fruits, the fibrous interiors of which are now in great demand as sponges.

EFFECT OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN AND NITRATE NITROGEN, SEPARATELY AND IN COMBINATION, ON THE GROWTH OF THE HIGHBUSH BLUEBERRY

1967 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Culture Study ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Leaves And Roots

A greenhouse sand-culture study with two sands revealed that growth was significantly better with ammonium nitrogen, or ammonium nitrogen plus nitrate nitrogen, than with nitrate nitrogen. Roots of plants receiving NO3-N were dark brown or black, whereas roots of those receiving NH4-N or NH4-N + NO3-N were light brown. Nutrient levels in leaves and roots were significantly affected by the form of applied N. Plants receiving NH4-N had significantly higher leaf levels of N, P and Fe and significantly lower levels of K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Al than did plants receiving NO3-N. Levels in plants receiving NH4-N + NO3-N were generally intermediate. Effluent pH from NH4-N or NH4-N + NO3-N plants decreased during growth, but pH of effluents from NO3-N plants increased.

scholarly journals NITROGEN REGIME OF PEAT SOIL IN NORTHERN PART OF TRANS-URALS ZONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Motorin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Reclamation System

The paper highlights the results of many-year (1982-1992, 2011-2014 гг.) research on the concentration of mineral nitrogen in the arable medium peat soil layer of the forest-steppe of Trans Urals zone. The research was carried out on the experimental-reclamation system Reshetnikovo located in the central part of the Tarman bog on the second lacustrine-alluvial basin of the Tura River in Tyumen region. The soils on the experimental plot have a slightly acidic reaction (5.2 - 5.9), relatively low hydrolytic acidity (28.1 - 40.8 mg-eqv/100 g of soil), relatively low degree of base saturation (61.7 - 75.5%), high gross nitrogen concentration (3.1 - 3.9%), low concentration of phosphorus (0.09 - 0.14%) and potassium (0.02 - 0.05%). The researchers found out that mineralization of peat is slow and almost always fails to provide sufficient and continuous supply of nitrogen, despite its large gross reserves. Due to insufficient number of mobile nitrogen compounds from peat organic matter during the growing season it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers. When peat soils contain low concentrations of phosphorus (0.7 - 3.7 mg/100 g of soil), the highest number of nitrate nitrogen is accumulated in the arable layer under perennial grasses due to its low consumption for the yield. Re-reclaimed peat soil is characterized by negative nitrogen concentration. As perennial grasses require nitrogen, it is fulfilled by means of fertilizers on 41.4 - 72%. The authors observed a tendency of reducing nitrate reserves under perennial grasses even if nitrogen fertilizers are applied. This indicates a decrease in the mineralization rate of peat organic matter. The ammonium nitrogen concentration increases. Discontinuance of nitrogen fertilizers use reduces the nitrate nitrogen concentration on 30-49% in the first year and on 46.7-59.1% by the end of the fourth year of after-effect. The amount of ammonium nitrogen increases in 1.6-3.7 times in 4 years.

Cone-Induction Response of Douglas Fir to Form of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Time of Treatment

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorne F. Ebell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Nitrate Treatment ◽  
Old Trees

Cone production increases of 2.5, 5.0 and 1.5 times that of control were obtained the year following treatment with 400 lb nitrate nitrogen per acre (1 lb/acre = 1.12 kg/ha), applied 6 weeks before vegetative bud break, at the start of bud break, and 10 days after the midpoint of the bud break period, respectively, on 20-year-old Douglas fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco.). Cone counts of 15, 26, 72, 142 and 155 were obtained from 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 lb nitrate nitrogen per acre, applied to 13-year-old trees during early bud break. Ammonium nitrogen, applied at the same rates and times, was ineffective for stimulation of cone production on either age of tree. There were no differences in rate of accumulation of total nitrogen in buds and foliage, shoot-growth responses, or total number of buds per shoot due to form of nitrogen. Nitrate treatment enhanced cone production through a reduction in bud failure during the shoot elongation period. These results suggest responses are not primarily due to improved mineral nutrition, but to a specific chemical stimulation from critically timed changes in type of nitrogen metabolism. Possible influences of temperature and rainfall on natural cone crop periodicity and on proper timing of nitrate treatment are discussed.

Ammonium fixation and availability in some cereal producing soils in Queensland.

Soil Research ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Black ◽  
SA Waring
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Sequential Sampling ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Ammonium Fixation ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pot Culture

Native fixed ammonium nitrogen and fixation of added ammonium nitrogen were studied in 24 Queensland cereal producing soils. The availabiiity of both forms of fixed ammonium nitrogen to wheat was investigated using a montmorillonitic soil under pot culture. Fixation and release of fertilizer ammonium nitrogen were followed in the soil by sequential sampling during crop growth. All soils contained native fixed ammonium nitrogen (6-107 p.p.m. nitrogen, mean 39 p.p.m. nitrogen). Fixation of added ammonium nitrogen was only significant in high clay montmorillonitic soils. Under moist conditions an average of 5% (200 p.p.m. nitrogen added) and 1% (4000 p.p.m. nitrogen added) was fixed. Fixation increased threeto ten-fold following air drying. Intensive cropping only released small but non-significant amounts of native fixed ammonium nitrogen. Of the 15% of added ammonium nitrogen which was fixed, only 50% was released by a single low density cropping causing less nitrogen uptake by wheat tops from ammonium compared with nitrate nitrogen sources. Intensive or successive cropping released almost all recently fixed ammonium nitrogen.

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