Systemic induced resistance to late blight in potato by treatment with salicylic acid andPhytophthora cryptogea

Inducing systemic resistance responses in crop plants is a promising alternative way of disease management. To understand the underlying signaling events leading to induced resistance, functional analyses of plants defective in defined signaling pathway steps are required. We used potato, one of the economically most-important crop plants worldwide, to examine systemic resistance against the devastating late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, induced by treatment with dl-β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Transgenic plants impaired in either the 9-lipoxygenase pathway, which produces defense-related compounds, or the 13-lipoxygenase pathway, which generates jasmonic acid–derived signals, expressed wild-type levels of BABA-induced resistance. Plants incapable of accumulating salicylic acid (SA), on the other hand, failed to mount this type of induced resistance. Consistently, treatment of these plants with the SA analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid restored BABA-induced resistance. Together, these results demonstrate the indispensability of a functional SA pathway for systemic resistance in potato induced by BABA.

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Association of pathogenesis-related proteins and activities of peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase with systemic induced resistance to blue mould of tobacco but not to systemic tobacco mosaic virus

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology ◽

10.1016/0885-5765(90)90024-r ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 523-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

X.S. Ye ◽

S.Q. Pan ◽

J. Kuc

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Mosaic Virus ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Systemic Induced Resistance ◽

Pathogenesis Related Proteins ◽

Blue Mould ◽

Pathogenesis Related ◽

Related Proteins

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Sweating treatment enhances citrus fruit disease resistance by inducing the accumulation of amino acids and salicylic acid-induced resistance pathway

Physiologia Plantarum ◽

10.1111/ppl.12340 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 155 (2) ◽

pp. 109-125 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ze Yun ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

Ping Liu ◽

Yunliu Zeng ◽

Juan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Disease Resistance ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Resistance Pathway ◽

Fruit Disease

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Chitosan Oligosaccharide Induces Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in Arabidopsis thaliana by Activating Both Salicylic Acid– and Jasmonic Acid–Mediated Pathways

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-03-18-0071-r ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (12) ◽

pp. 1271-1279 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Xiaochen Jia ◽

Haihong Zeng ◽

Wenxia Wang ◽

Fuyun Zhang ◽

Heng Yin

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Chitosan Oligosaccharide ◽

Induction Effect ◽

Tomato Dc3000 ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is an effective plant immunity elicitor; however, its induction mechanism in plants is complex and needs further investigation. In this study, the Arabidopsis–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (hereafter called DC3000) interaction was used to investigate the induction effect and the underlying mechanisms of COS. COS is effective in inducing resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis, and our results demonstrate that treatment with COS 3 days before DC3000 inoculation provided the most effective resistance. Disease severity in jar1 (jasmonic acid [JA]-deficient mutant), NahG, and sid2 (salicylic acid [SA]-deficient mutants) suggest both the SA and JA pathways are required for the Arabidopsis response to DC3000. COS pretreatment induced resistance in wild type (WT), jar1, and also, although to a lesser degree, in NahG and sid2 plants, implying that the SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in COS-induced resistance to DC3000. In COS-pretreated plants, expression of genes related to the SA pathway (PR1, PR2, and PR5) and SA content increased in both WT and jar1. Moreover, expression of genes related to the JA pathway (PDF1.2 and VSP2) and JA content both increased in WT and NahG. In conclusion, COS induces resistance to DC3000 in Arabidopsis by activating both SA- and JA-mediated pathways, although SA and JA pathways play redundant roles in this COS-induced resistance.

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Austrian pine phenolics are likely contributors to systemic induced resistance against Diplodia pinea

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/tpt063 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 845-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

P. Sherwood ◽

P. Bonello

Keyword(s):

Induced Resistance ◽

Systemic Induced Resistance ◽

Diplodia Pinea

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Alginate Oligosaccharide (AOS) induced resistance to Pst DC3000 via salicylic acid-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

Carbohydrate Polymers ◽

10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 115221 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chunguang Zhang ◽

Prianka Howlader ◽

Tongmei Liu ◽

Xue Sun ◽

Xiaochen Jia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Alginate Oligosaccharide

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The Involvement of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid in the Signaling Pathway of Clonostachys rosea-Induced Resistance to Gray Mold Disease in Tomato

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-01-19-0025-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (7) ◽

pp. 1102-1114 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Qiuying Wang ◽

Xiuling Chen ◽

Xinfeng Chai ◽

Dongqi Xue ◽

Wei Zheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Gray Mold ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Signal Molecules ◽

Clonostachys Rosea ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Regulatory Pathways

Tomato gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a serious disease that threatens tomato production around the world. Clonostachys rosea has been used successfully as a biocontrol agent against divergent plant pathogens, including B. cinerea. To understand the signal transduction pathway of C. rosea-induced resistance to tomato gray mold disease, the effects of C. rosea on gray mold tomato leaves along with changes in the activities of three defense enzymes (phenylalanine ammonialyase [PAL], polyphenol oxidase [PPO], and catalase [CAT]), second messengers (nitric oxide [NO], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and superoxide anion radical [O2−]), and stress-related genes (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], WRKY, Lexyl2, and atpA) in four different hormone-deficient (jasmonic acid [JA], ethylene [ET], salicylic acid [SA], and gibberellin) tomato mutants were investigated. The results revealed that C. rosea significantly inhibited the growth of mycelia and spore germination of B. cinerea. Furthermore, it reduced the incidence of gray mold disease, induced higher levels of PAL and PPO, and induced lower levels of CAT activities in tomato leaves. Moreover, it also increased NO, H2O2, and O2− levels and the gene expression levels of WRKY, MAPK, atpA, and Lexyl2. The incidence of gray mold disease in four hormone-deficient mutants was higher than that in the corresponding wild-type tomato plants. Among all of these hormone-deficient tomato mutants, JA had the most significant effect in regulating the different signal molecules. Additional study suggested that JA upregulated the expression of Lexyl2, MAPK, and WRKY but downregulated atpA. Furthermore, JA also enhanced the activity of PAL, PPO, and CAT and the production of NO and H2O2. SA downregulated CAT and PAL, whereas ET upregulated PAL but downregulated CAT. This study is of significance in understanding the regulatory pathways and biocontrol mechanism of C. rosea against B. cinerea.

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Effects of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid Signaling on the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-10-0115 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 395-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Rogier F. Doornbos ◽

Bart P. J. Geraats ◽

Eiko E. Kuramae ◽

L. C. Van Loon ◽

Peter A. H. M. Bakker

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Induced Resistance ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Culturable Bacteria ◽

Wild Type ◽

Defense Signaling ◽

Rhizosphere Bacterial Community

Systemically induced resistance is a promising strategy to control plant diseases, as it affects numerous pathogens. However, since induced resistance reduces one or both growth and activity of plant pathogens, the indigenous microflora may also be affected by an enhanced defensive state of the plant. The aim of this study was to elucidate how much the bacterial rhizosphere microflora of Arabidopsis is affected by induced systemic resistance (ISR) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Therefore, the bacterial microflora of wild-type plants and plants affected in their defense signaling was compared. Additionally, ISR was induced by application of methyl jasmonate and SAR by treatment with salicylic acid or benzothiadiazole. As a comparative model, we also used wild type and ethylene-insensitive tobacco. Some of the Arabidopsis genotypes affected in defense signaling showed altered numbers of culturable bacteria in their rhizospheres; however, effects were dependent on soil type. Effects of plant genotype on rhizosphere bacterial community structure could not be related to plant defense because chemical activation of ISR or SAR had no significant effects on density and structure of the rhizosphere bacterial community. These findings support the notion that control of plant diseases by elicitation of systemic resistance will not significantly affect the resident soil bacterial microflora.

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