Comparison of three whole seed near-infrared analyzers for measuring quality components of canola seed

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Daun ◽  
Kathleen M. Clear ◽  
Phil Williams
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Whole Seed

scholarly journals Fast prediction of quality parameters in whole seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Míka ◽  
P. Tillmann ◽  
R. Koprna ◽  
P. Nerušil ◽  
V. Kučera
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Calibration Equation ◽  
Whole Seed ◽  
Fast Prediction ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Non Destructive

A calibration equation for NIRSystems 6500 instrument was derived at VSTE Jevíčko using the measurement of broad collection of Czech samples of winter rape, allowing sufficiently accurate prediction of content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (XP), crude fat (XL), glucosinolates (GSL), oleic and linoleic acids in an extremely short time. The prediction accuracy was verified on a validation file (n = 60). The coefficients of determinance (R2) were 0.83 for XP, 0.71 for XL, and 0.84 for GSL. The prediction accuracy according to the VSTE equation was compared to the prediction accuracy according to the VDLUFA calibration equation (Kassel, FRG) used in EU near infrared spectroscopy network. It was stated that the former was not distinctly worse. Non-destructive NIR-analysis of the whole seed also allows sowing selected seeds in the year of harvest and thus accelerates the breeding cycle.

Can seed-eating birds spread viable canola seed?

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Catherine M. Taylor ◽  
Tim J. Lowe ◽  
Mike C. Calver
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Passage Time ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Wood Ducks ◽  
Duck Species ◽  
Seed Eating ◽  
Whole Seed

The potential for seed-eating birds to disperse viable canola (Brassicaceae: Brassica napus) seeds and establish feral populations or disperse genetically modified cultivars was investigated in captive feeding trials determining the: 1) acceptability of canola as food, 2) passage time of canola through the gut (PT), and 3) viability of passed seed. Four dove/pigeon, one finch, and two duck species were tested. Only Crested Pigeons Ocyphaps lophotes and some Wood Ducks Chenonetta jubata ate canola seed in significant amounts in the presence of other food. Over 460 faecal pellets were examined for the presence of whole/viable seed, but only seven pellets (~1.5%), all from Wood Ducks, contained whole seed. Of the 11 passed seeds (represents <0.01% of seed ingested by these ducks), only five germinated successfully (cf. 50 of 50 control seeds). Mean passage time of seed was quick for most species, ranging from 0.5 h in Senegal Doves, Streptopelia senegalensis, 1.3 h in Bronzewing Pigeons, to 2-3 h in the ducks C. jubata, and Anas superciliosa. This suggests that potential seed dispersal distances via these birds may generally be short (<10 km). Although the passage of viable diaspores was rare, the large number of birds likely to be feeding on canola seed in agricultural fields or at spillages on roadsides and loading zones suggests there is the potential for birds to disperse viable canola seed, including viable seed from genetically modified canola crops. Management options such as avoiding large piles of spilt seed or storing canola seed near watercourses would minimize this risk. However, the eradication of any established feral herbicide-resistant GM-canola plants could remain problematical.

DIGESTIBILITY AND FEEDING VALUE OF FROST-DAMAGED CANOLA SEED (LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED) FOR GROWING PIGS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
W. S. KOWALENKO
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Ground Seed ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Whole Seed

Digestibility trials with 57-kg pigs were conducted on blended canola seed (B. napus 'Regent') containing 20, 45 and 65% frost-damage fed in conjunction with a barley, wheat, soybean meal basal diet, supplemented with minerals and vitamins. The seed was fed whole, ground, pelleted and ammoniated. The seed contained, per kilogram, 18–20% crude protein, 22–35% ether extract, and 21.7–24.5 MJ gross energy. Glucosinolate concentrations were 15–33 μmole/g, oil-free basis. Grinding improved energy digestibility of the seed per se from an average of 34.4 to 62.8% and protein digestibility from 17.0 to 65.3%. Pelleting improved energy digestibility of whole seed from 31.6 to 65.5% and grinding before pelleting gave 69.2%. Pelleting, in addition to grinding, did not further improve protein digestibility over grinding alone. Ammoniation improved the digestibility of energy in ground seed from 61.2 to 66.9% and in ground pelleted seed from 69.2 to 72.4%. Ammoniation increased protein digestibility in ground seed from 61.6 to 65.2% and in pelleted seed from 62.1 to 63.1%, corrected for ammonia intake which was assumed to be of little value to the pig. Digestible energy values of processed seed were 15.6 to 17.7 MJ/kg and digestible crude protein values were 12.3 to 14.0% of dry matter. Frost-damaged canola seed was shown to be worth 20–50% more than good barley. Key words: Rapeseed, frost damage, digestibility, pigs, feeding value

Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy of Oil in Intact Canola Seed (Brassica Napus L.). II. Association between Principal Components and oil Content

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Golebiowski ◽  
A.S. Leong ◽  
J.F. Panozzo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Reflectance Spectra ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Matching Techniques

This work reports that the measurements of the likeness or the uniqueness of the 1100–2500 nm reflectance spectra of intact canola seed determined from principal component analysis (PCA) approximated spectra with global H or neighbourhood H statistics were not associated with oil concentration within the seed. The absence of stability in association between the H measurements and oil content was related to inconsistency in the amount and distribution (between principal components) of the spectral variation correlated to the oil content within and between different batches of canola seed. PCA was used to approximate variation in the 1100–2500 nm, second order derivative, reflectance spectra of intact canola seed, acquired from 15 batches of seed samples. The first eight principal components (PCs) captured 97.14% to 99.35% of the total variance in the spectra. The amount of variation captured by individual components was independent of the number of samples in the batch and oil content within the seed. The pattern of variance distribution among principal components was inconsistent and highlighted the uniqueness of the origin of the spectral variation in each batch of canola seed. In this study, the strength of correlation between oil content and principal components was used as a measure of component significance to the analysis of oil in the intact canola seed. In the examined sets of spectra, oil content was correlated to the low order components, PC1 to PC4. In the 15 files of spectra, oil content showed the strongest correlation to PC2 in eight sets of data, to PC3 in four sets of data and to PC1 in three sets of data. The strength of association between oil and the individual components varied considerably in magnitude among examined files of spectra; r2 = 0.28–0.81 for the first strongly correlated component, r2 = 0.05–0.29 for the second and r2 = 0.02–0.19 for the third. The position of the PCs in the correlation sequence was inconsistent and underlined differences of oil signal/spectral data interactions in the individual sets of data. Examination of principal component loadings showed that in the reported files of spectra, principal components correlated to the oil content frequently captured variance at segments, which denote absorptions specific and accidental to canola oil. The outline of the loadings did not conform to a single, regular pattern common to all sets of data. The reported results are in disagreement with rationale of the methodology, which involves the spectra matching techniques for validating the predictive efficiency of near infrared (NIR) calibrations. The reported results highlighted that the reliable NIR quantification of oil content from reflectance spectra of intact canola seed would require an independent validation for every acquired set of spectra.

Construction of a near-infrared responsive upconversion nanoplatform against hypoxic tumors via NO-enhanced photodynamic therapy

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 7875-7887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Lan ◽  
Xiaohui Zhu ◽  
Ming Tang ◽  
Yihan Wu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Upconversion Nanoparticles

A near-infrared (NIR) activated theranostic nanoplatform based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is developed in order to overcome the hypoxia-associated resistance in photodynamic therapy by photo-release of NO upon NIR illumination.

A nitroreductase-activatable near-infrared theranostic photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy under mild hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (43) ◽  
pp. 5819-5822
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Yongzhuo Liu ◽  
Fengling Song ◽  
Long Jiao ◽  
Yingnan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Triplet State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

In this study, a near-infrared (NIR) theranostic photosensitizer was developed based on a heptamethine aminocyanine dye with a long-lived triplet state.

Fluorescent proteins for in vivo imaging, where's the biliverdin?

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 2657-2667
Author(s):  
Felipe Montecinos-Franjola ◽  
John Y. Lin ◽  
Erik A. Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Red Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Color Palette

Noninvasive fluorescent imaging requires far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for deeper imaging. Near-infrared light penetrates biological tissue with blood vessels due to low absorbance, scattering, and reflection of light and has a greater signal-to-noise due to less autofluorescence. Far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins absorb light &gt;600 nm to expand the color palette for imaging multiple biosensors and noninvasive in vivo imaging. The ideal fluorescent proteins are bright, photobleach minimally, express well in the desired cells, do not oligomerize, and generate or incorporate exogenous fluorophores efficiently. Coral-derived red fluorescent proteins require oxygen for fluorophore formation and release two hydrogen peroxide molecules. New fluorescent proteins based on phytochrome and phycobiliproteins use biliverdin IXα as fluorophores, do not require oxygen for maturation to image anaerobic organisms and tumor core, and do not generate hydrogen peroxide. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein (smURFP) was evolved from a cyanobacterial phycobiliprotein to covalently attach biliverdin as an exogenous fluorophore. The small Ultra-Red Fluorescent Protein is biophysically as bright as the enhanced green fluorescent protein, is exceptionally photostable, used for biosensor development, and visible in living mice. Novel applications of smURFP include in vitro protein diagnostics with attomolar (10−18 M) sensitivity, encapsulation in viral particles, and fluorescent protein nanoparticles. However, the availability of biliverdin limits the fluorescence of biliverdin-attaching fluorescent proteins; hence, extra biliverdin is needed to enhance brightness. New methods for improved biliverdin bioavailability are necessary to develop improved bright far-red and near-infrared fluorescent proteins for noninvasive imaging in vivo.

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