The Vintage Schooling Hypothesis and Racial Differences in Earnings and On-The-Job Training: A Longitudinal Analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin C. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Market Experience ◽  
Employer Discrimination ◽  
On The Job Training ◽  
Positive Effect

Why do younger black males earn more relative to whites than do older black males? The literature offers two competing explanations. Smith and Welch suggest this pattern is evidence that employers are rewarding the improved skills of more recently, better-educated blacks. Lazear, and Duncan and Hoffman suggest that the pattern is the result of employer discrimination that prevents blacks from entering occupations that offer on-the-job training (OJT) and wage growth with experience. The competing views are tested by using the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience of Young Men to compare black and white earnings and regression estimates in two periods. Regression results for 1968 and 1978 indicate that, as the NLS cohort aged, only white males had an age-earnings profile exhibiting the positive effect of OJT. Over the period, education coefficients decreased for both groups with the reduction greatest in black coefficients. This suggests that the earnings effect of education is not as stable for blacks as it is for whites over the life cycle. Black-white earnings ratios were approximately the same in both periods. The results reported here support the explanations offered by Lazear and by Duncan and Hoffman, implying that policies focusing on eliminating racial differences in educational quality may be insufficient in improving the relative position of blacks over the life cycle.

Racial Differences in Time at Work Not Working

ILR Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 001979392110638
Author(s):  
William A. Darity ◽  
Darrick Hamilton ◽  
Samuel L. Myers ◽  
Gregory N. Price ◽  
Man Xu
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
White Male ◽  
American Time Use Survey ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Time Use Survey ◽  
Survey Estimates ◽  
Wage Earnings ◽  
Response Errors

Racial differences in effort at work, if they exist, can potentially explain race-based wage/earnings disparities in the labor market. The authors estimate specifications of time spent on non-work activities at work by Black and White males and females with data from the American Time Use Survey. Estimates reveal that trivially small differences occur between non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White males in time spent not working while on the job that disappear entirely when correcting for non-response errors. The findings imply that Black–White male differences in the fraction of the workday spent not working are either not large enough to partially explain the Black–White wage gap, or simply do not exist at all.

Semantic Habits and Attitudes of Black College Students

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 963-969
Author(s):  
Kathleen Chen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Black College ◽  
Black College Students ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
White College

In exploring the associative patterns and attitudes toward self and others, some measures were obtained on 79 black and 97 white college students. Results show reduced tendencies of the black students to use positive evaluational concepts in association. Black females are much like black males in associative patterns. There is no difference in the reported self-concepts of black and white females. Black males, however, reported more positive self-concepts than white males.

Intellectual Differences in Black and White Southern Low Achievers

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1269-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theron M. Covin ◽  
Gary L. Hatch
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Black Children ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Low Achievers ◽  
White Children ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
Verbal Performance

WISC IQs obtained by 300 black children and 300 white children were compared. The subjects were 15 white males, 15 white females, 15 black males, and 15 black females at each age level from 6 to 15 yr. Mean IQs on the Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale for blacks were 6968, 6992, and 6691 respectively and were significantly lower than the respective average of 7980, 7980, and 7950 for whites. Means, standard deviations, and ts for stratified samples by sex and race were also reported.

Determinants of on-the-job training in enterprises: the Russian case

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 758-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Roshchin ◽  
Pavel Travkin
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Product Market Competition ◽  
Training Intensity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
On The Job Training ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose This paper aims to determine the influence of various enterprise characteristics on on-the-job training. The paper focuses mainly on identifying the influence of a firm’s innovative activity, technological capacity for manufacturing and product market competition on its likelihood of having a training program and on training intensity. Design/methodology/approach The authors administered a firm-level survey to a sample of 2,000 Russian enterprises. This survey includes questions about on-the-job training and key information about the companies’ activities. Probit and ordered probit estimates are used in the statistical analyses. Findings The results indicate that an enterprise’s provision of training is determined largely by firm-specific factors, such as its innovative activity, technical and technological state of manufacturing and product market competition. The authors adopt two widely used measures of training: incidence and intensity. Innovative activity and the technical and technological state of manufacturing are decisive factors in explaining a firm’s provision of training, as they have a strictly positive effect on both the incidence and the intensity of training. Product market competition has a positive effect on the incidence of training and a negative effect on the intensity of training. Originality/value This paper is original because it assumes that the process of deciding whether to implement a training program at an enterprise and the corresponding proportion of employees involved in training is built on the presupposition that the training intensity decision is made in two stages. This paper is the first to present estimates of on-the-job training intensity based on data from Russian enterprises.

Relationship of Fear of Death and Level of Self-Esteem in College Students

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Davis ◽  
Dan A. Martin ◽  
Cean T. Wilee ◽  
James W. Voorhees
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Fear Of Death ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Relationship Of

Self-esteem and death anxiety instruments were administered to a total of 383 undergraduates; black and white, males and females were included in the sample. Consistent with previous data, higher scores on death anxiety were shown by female subjects. Black males displayed significantly higher self-esteem scores. An analysis of subgroups low and high in self-esteem produced support for a negative relationship between level of self-esteem and death anxiety.

The effect of education and significant others upon the contraceptive behaviour of married men

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Ryser ◽  
William H. Spillane
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
White Males ◽  
Race And Education ◽  
Married Men ◽  
Contraceptive Practice

A survey of married men living with their wives revealed that they had, on the average, been married for 14 years and had 2.8 children. The men in this survey were found to be positively oriented towards family planning. Seventy-nine per cent were using a contraceptive at the time of the survey. The analysis revealed that race and education explained differences in contraceptive practice. Black males reported using more effective methods, namely the pill, than white males. The examination of the effect of education revealed that as education increased, the racial differences persisted except for those men with education beyond high school.

A Decade Later: Black-White Attitudes Toward Women's Familial Role

1980 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Crovitz ◽  
Anne Steinmann
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
White Women ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Ideal Woman ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Role Concept ◽  
The Ideal

A comparison of the perceptions of Black and White undergraduate students of the 1960's (n = 396) and 1970's (n = 587) of women's familial role using the Maferr Inventory of Feminine Values indicated an increasing liberalization of role concept across the decade. Most discrepancy occurred between white males' view of the Ideal woman and white females' view of man's Ideal Woman, with white women not believing the degree of liberalization of the white male's conception of Ideal Woman. Blacks in general have a more liberalized view of women's familial role, and there is less discrepancy between black males' and females' views of women's familial role than amongst whites. Women's Ideal Self is more traditional currently, than women's Actual Self.

The Attitudes of Black Females toward Upper and Lower Class Black Males

1975 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine B. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Black Males ◽  
Word List ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Female College ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males

Sarbin's adjective word list was administered to 100 Black female college students. The subjects were asked to select adjectives which they thought described upper and lower class Black and white males, and to assign favorability ratings to the adjectives. Both groups of Black males were assigned more favorable traits than both groups of white males.

Recognition of Faces as a Function of Race, Attitudes, and Reported Cross-Racial Friendships

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agatha White Carroo
Keyword(s):  
Black Males ◽  
Black Male ◽  
White Male ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Racial Attitude ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Males ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Egalitarian Attitude

This study was conducted to assess the ability of 19 black male and 25 female college students to identify previously seen black and white male and female faces as a function of interracial experience, racial attitude, and cross-racial friendships. A significant own-race advantage in recognition was noted; concomitantly, more frequent false responses with white faces were recorded. Trends between performance and cross-racial friendship and interracial experience were noted for black males' recognition of white males' faces. No significant relationships between egalitarian attitude and recognition of white faces were observed. Measures of racial attitude and interracial experience were discussed.

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