Recent patterns of jewish representation in the corporate and social elites

1982 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Richard L. Zweigenhaft
Keyword(s):  
Social Elites

Drama in Danzig

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Secular Terms

Royal Prussia was the most urbanized part of Sigismund I’s monarchy, its Hanseatic ports profoundly affected by Luther’s message from 1518. This chapter traces the Polish Crown’s responses to Reformation in this province—the Crown’s strange inaction in the face of Danzig’s radicalization and full-scale Lutheran revolt (1518–25), the King’s armed reversal of that Reformation in 1526, and his return to passivity thereafter as Royal Prussia’s social elites tacitly rolled out Lutheran reform in town and countryside. These events are analysed first through a geopolitical or ‘realpolitik’ lens, which stresses royal fears of a wholesale secession of Royal Prussia from Poland. Application of a religious lens shows, however, that the Crown read the revolt in ‘secular’ terms, avoided the language of heresy, and enacted only a minimal urban ‘re-Catholicization’ in 1526. It is argued that this was a pre-confessional anti-Reformation policy, reflecting late medieval perceptions of Lutheranism.

Who Was Deserving? Decision-making and Discrimination

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
John McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Real ◽  
Poor Laws ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Dividing Line

Post-Reformation approaches to the poor, and in particular the Calvinist system in Scotland, are traditionally seen as harsh, condemnatory, and discriminating. There is much truth in this. However, this chapter reveals that we need to be much more careful about defining exactly where the lines between deserving and undeserving lay for religious and social elites after 1560. It assesses the ways in which kirk sessions discriminated between those they deemed worthy and unworthy, demonstrating that kirk session relief was not as harshly discriminating as has been suggested, and does not resemble the later application of Poor Laws where the only excuse for poverty was physical inability, and the mobile or able-bodied poor were penalised. Kirk sessions did not tend to exclude the poor from outside their parish, and nor did they exclude the able-bodied, unemployed or underemployed poor. The real dividing line was instead between the idle and the willing to work, and equally importantly, along moral lines between the sinful and the well-behaved poor.

Non-Urban Societies of the Crimea and Their Response to Changes in the External World

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-82
Author(s):  
Valentina I. Mordvintseva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
External World ◽  
Time Span ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Sphere ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Long Time ◽  
External Relationships

Abstract The paper presents a comparative analysis of burial assemblages of ‘barbarian’ élites located on the territory of the Crimea between Chersonesos Taurica and the Bosporan kingdom dating from the 3rd century BC to the mid-3rd century AD. The main goal of the research is to define indications of self-identities of the Crimean non-urban societies represented by their élites and to outline their networking inside and outside the peninsula as well as their changes during four chronological periods. The research is based on the precondition that networking in the political sphere is closely connected to the exchange of symbols of power and status. In material culture, such symbols might be represented by the so-called ‘prestige objects’. Changes in the assortment of these items observed over a long time-span are helping to visualize the development of internal and external relationships of social élites.

Conclusion

Born to Write ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Neil Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Social Elites

The systemic role of families in the production of much literature and learning in the early modern period needs greater recognition. Countless works were shaped by families’ practice of hunting in packs to maximize their place in society. This production of works was just one of many planks within the broader transgenerational strategies of families, commoner as well as noble. Works were woven into the wider webs of families’ inheritance and legacy practices. They helped families imagine their own futures and steer a course into it, even if that course subsequently swerved, forked, or faded. These families did not, however, represent society as a whole. They belonged overwhelmingly to social elites, whether noble or commoner. However, family literature was often rooted in anxiety, disappointment, and conflict as well as in hope and a sense of vocation, mission, or entitlement to power.

Grosvenor School of Art, London (1925–1940)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Peers
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Art And Design ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Art School

The Grosvenor School of Art, also known as the Grosvenor School of Modern Art, was founded in 1925 by Scottish artist and printmaker Iain McNab. In 1940, it merged with the more traditional Heatherley’s Art School, which is still operating in London. The Grosvenor was famous across Britain and the British Empire in the interwar period for promoting modernist art and design. Its contribution to introducing and acclimatizing continental modernism to an extended anglophile audience was substantial. Pupils came from Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as other countries, and through them the experience of modernism was brought back to their homelands. Across the British Empire, the Grosvenor School made modernism acceptable and praiseworthy, representing the authority of what Australian artist Arthur Streeton called "the Centre of Empire," combined with the glamorous social cachet that London symbolized for the social elites in the colonies.

Emergent politics and constitutional drift: the fragility of procedural liberalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Salter ◽  
Glenn Furton
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Pressure Group ◽  
Constitutional Economics ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate classical elite theory into theories of constitutional bargains. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative methods/surveys/case studies. Findings Open-ended constitutional entrepreneurship cannot be forestalled. Constitutional entrepreneurs will almost always be social elites. Research limitations/implications The research yields a toolkit for analysing constitutional bargains. It needs to be used in historical settings to acquire greater empirical content. Need to be applied to concrete historical cases to do economic history. Right now it is still only institutionally contingent theory. Practical implications Formal constitutions do not, and cannot, bind. Informal constitutions can, but they are continually evolving due to elite pressure group behaviors. Social implications Liberalism needs another method to institutionalize itself! Originality/value Open-ended nature of constitutional bargaining overlooked in orthodox institutional entrepreneurship/constitutional economics literature.

scholarly journals Celebrations at European Courts as Viewed by “Sarmatian” Travellers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Wolański
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Court Culture ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
European Court ◽  
Imperial Court ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Royal Courts ◽  
Stereotypical Image

This article considers the way inhabitants of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth perceived European court ceremonies as reflected in their travel notes. More particularly, the author analyses texts of the eighteenth century, where the ceremonies described are treated as some of the most important elements of symbolic communication between the authorities and society. Eighteenth-century travelogues provide a comprehensive idea of contacts with royal courts and social elites (political but also cultural and even academic), which does not comply with the stereotypical image of such situations. Starting with the late seventeenth century, court culture mostly relied on French models, which is why the article presents ceremonies at the court of Versailles described by travellers from the nobility, clergy, and from a woman’s perspective. The author also describes ceremonies and etiquette of the imperial court in Vienna, as well as the very specific ceremonial of the Roman court. The latter was characterised by the participation of the Pope. The analysis relies on intercultural communication research methods.

scholarly journals Continuities and Discontinuities in the Austrian Catholic Orient Mission to Palestine, 1915–1938

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-330
Author(s):  
Barbara Haider-Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
World War ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First Republic ◽  
History Of ◽  
First World

AbstractThe Habsburg Monarchy had a long history of relations with Palestine. In the nineteenth century, Austria participated in the “peaceful crusade” forming a special “Jerusalem milieu”. Its actors collected donations to establish several institutions. After 1918, the meaning of “Austria” was completely different from before the First World War. Yet, the (Christian Social) elites of the small Austrian First Republic and the politicians of authoritarian Austria still took an interest in matters concerning the Holy Land. In 1927, an Austrian consulate re-opened in the Holy City. The hospice in Jerusalem and the hospital of the Order of St John of God in Nazareth survived the years of turmoil. Austrian cultural diplomacy in the Mandate period continued to maintain good contacts with the local Arab population and gained new dimensions.

scholarly journals Two (Missing) Left Feet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megann Phillips ◽  
Vanessa Cruz ◽  
Erin Martin ◽  
Dylan Smith ◽  
Bernarda Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Functional Mobility ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Late Horizon ◽  
La Caridad ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

Understanding pre-Hispanic Andean medical practices through skeletal evidence of surgery has been the focus of a number of bioarchaeological investigations in recent years. Amputation is an especially interesting topic of research due to the variety of social contexts in which it might have occurred. Interpretations for amputation found on the north coast of Peru have included therapeutic intervention, punitive measures, and ritualistic dismemberment. Here, we present two new cases of successful left foot amputation in young adult females excavated from Huaca Las Balsas (Late Intermediate Period, A.D. 1100–1470) and Huaca Las Abejas (Late Horizon, A.D. 1470–1535) at the ancient religious and administrative center of Túcume. Chronologically, they are the latest cases of pre-Hispanic amputation published to date. Contextual evidence supports a therapeutic motivation for the procedure, as individualized burial treatment and placement within a cemetery group of social elites is not consistent with punitive or ritualistic action. Modification of the malleoli, extensive bone proliferation covering the talar articulations, and asymmetrical cortical bone thickness of the tibiae and fibulae (revealed radiographically) suggest the return of some functional mobility using the affected limb after healing. This long-term recovery is evidence of access to quality medical care and accommodation of functional impairment within the amputees’ communities. The presented research uses the bioarchaeology of care to explore the lived experiences of these amputees and their social identities, making an important contribution to the anthropology of disability across cultures and time periods. Comprender las prácticas médicas andinas prehispánicas a través de evidencia esquelética de cirugía ha sido el foco de una serie de investigaciones bioarqueológicas en los últimos años. La amputación es un tema de investigación especialmente interesante debido a la variedad de contextos sociales en los que podría haber ocurrido. Las interpretaciones para la amputación que se encuentran en la costa norte del Perú han incluido la intervención terapéutica, las medidas punitivas y el desmembramiento ritual. Aquí, presentamos dos nuevos casos de amputación exitosa del pie izquierdo en hembras adultas jóvenes excavadas desde Huaca Las Balsas (PeríodoIntermedio Tardío, A.D. 1100–1470) y Huaca Las Abejas (Horizonte Tardío, D.C. 1470–1535) en el antiguo centro religioso y administrativo de Túcume. Cronológicamente, son los últimos casos de amputación prehispánica publicados hasta la fecha. La evidencia contextual apoya una motivación terapéutica para el procedimiento, ya que el tratamiento y la colocación individualizados del entierro dentro de un grupo cementerio de élites sociales no es consistente con la acción punitiva o ritualista. La modificación de los maléolos, la extensa proliferación ósea que cubre las articulaciones talares y el grosor óseo cortical asimétrico de las tibias y los peronés (revelados radiográficamente) sugieren el regreso de cierta movilidad funcional utilizando la extremidad afectada despuésde la curación. Esta recuperación a largo plazo es evidencia del acceso a atención médica de calidad y alojamiento de deterioro funcional dentro de las comunidades de amputados. La investigación presentada utiliza la “bioarqueología de la caridad” para explorar las experiencias vividas de estos amputados y sus identidades sociales, haciendo una contribución importante a la antropología de la discapacidad a través de las culturas y períodos de tiempo.

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