Drama in Danzig

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Face ◽  
Secular Terms

Royal Prussia was the most urbanized part of Sigismund I’s monarchy, its Hanseatic ports profoundly affected by Luther’s message from 1518. This chapter traces the Polish Crown’s responses to Reformation in this province—the Crown’s strange inaction in the face of Danzig’s radicalization and full-scale Lutheran revolt (1518–25), the King’s armed reversal of that Reformation in 1526, and his return to passivity thereafter as Royal Prussia’s social elites tacitly rolled out Lutheran reform in town and countryside. These events are analysed first through a geopolitical or ‘realpolitik’ lens, which stresses royal fears of a wholesale secession of Royal Prussia from Poland. Application of a religious lens shows, however, that the Crown read the revolt in ‘secular’ terms, avoided the language of heresy, and enacted only a minimal urban ‘re-Catholicization’ in 1526. It is argued that this was a pre-confessional anti-Reformation policy, reflecting late medieval perceptions of Lutheranism.

Reforming Time

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Temporal Change ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Fundamental Level ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Single Path ◽  
Theological Concept

Protestant attitudes toward and teachings about time and history were shaped on a fundamental level by ongoing transformations in late-medieval and early modern temporal sensibilities. But Protestants consciously rejected a number of key medieval assumptions about time, and in some respects the Reformation movements dramatically reshaped or accelerated trends that were already underway. This essay addresses three general approaches to time: as mundane experience, as a theological concept, and as a historical and prophetic narrative. While the various branches of Protestantism by no means followed a single path in negotiating these realms, they all contributed to a uniquely early modern array of fears and hopes in the face of temporal change.

scholarly journals John Calvin's Christological Assertion of Word Authority in the Context of Sixteenth Century Ecclesiological Polemics

1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-486
Author(s):  
John D. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
John Calvin ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Face ◽  
Fourth Lateran Council ◽  
The Church

The late medieval synthesis reflected in the Fourth Lateran Council (1215) generally and in the doctrine of transubstantiation in particular established an understanding of the nature of the church and authority that was to be varied and wide in its effects. Transubstantiation as doctrine and as coalescor of Church worship laid the groundwork for a particularly formative understanding of the ekklesia of Christ. It issued in a view of immanental, divine authority and grace that would come to manifest itself in the indulgences, the treasury of merits, invocation of saints, relics, etc. To be critical of the Mass was to bring into question the entire hierarchy of the Church and its authority on earth. In this context of strong ecclesiological authority, God was reckoned primarily as immanent and immediate through the papal head. In the face of this development, John Calvin asserted that Christ, as center of all true Christian reality, is the necessary focus and the preeminent authority in and to the Church through the Word of God, the Scriptures.

The Man with the Pale Face, the Shroud, and Du Fay's Missa Se la face ay pale

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Walters Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Sacred Music ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Great Love

Guillaume Du Fay composed his Missa Se la face ay pale, based on his ballade of the same name, during his final sojourn at the Court of Savoy in Chambééry from 1452 to 1458. It has been suggested that the piece celebrated the consummation of the wedding of Amadeus of Savoy and Yolande de France in 1452, but the basis for assigning it to this occasion ——that a song about a man whose "face is pale" for "reason of love" might refer to a bridegroom——is weak. A fresh look at this seminal composition points to a different rationale, one stemming from examination of the affective theology of the fifteenth century that influenced art in all its forms. Late medieval Passion treatises, dialogues, sermons, lives of Christ, along with related paintings often depict Christ as the man with the pale face. In his final hours on the Cross, Christ's physical aspect is described as "pale" or "pallid." The "reason" for his disfigurement is his "great love" for mankind. In sacred dialogues between Christ and the female soul ("anima"), the Man of Sorrows conveys his love and encourages her to "see" or "behold" his wounds and study his "bitter" passion. The language of Du Fay's ballade is strikingly similar: "If the face is pale / The cause is love, / That is the main cause; / And so bitter to me / Is love, that in the sea / Would I like to see myself." What prompted Du Fay to use this song in his Missa Se la face ay pale? This article proposes that an important Christological relic, the Holy Shroud, acquired by Du Fay's patron Duke Louis of Savoy in 1453 (and not moved from Chambééry to its present location in Turin until 1578), lies at the heart of the work, and that the composer incorporated theological symbols in the Mass to associate it with this sacred remnant. Recognition of early Christ-Masses such as the Missa Se la face ay pale helps to redefine the word "devotional" and illuminates the beginnings of Mass composition with secular tunes and of emotional expression in sacred music.

scholarly journals Some thoughts on slang

2011 ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Green
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Slang is a self-sufficient, subversive, oppositional subset of the English language. It has given a tongue, by no means inarticulate, to the marginal, the criminal and the dispossessed for at least half a millennium. But it is hard to pin down: even the etymology of the word ‘slang’ remains unsubstantiated. Perhaps inevitably it challenges concrete linguistic definition, remaining a source of argument: is it a full scale language or simply a lexis of synonymy. And what exactly constitutes a ‘slang’ word, what qualifies it for inclusion in that lexis? Whatever the ‘truth’ it remains a flourishing and endlessly self-inventive channel of communication. As a slang lexicographer of thirty years’ experience, I have come to ask another question: to what extent does any of this matter? Slang is important, slang dictionaries are important, even slang lexicographers are important. But this need to pin down, to categorise, to set in place: is it vital? Does it not run almost perversely in the face of slang’s own imperatives: to represent without compromise – through its obsessions and its relentlessly negative, cynical take on the world – a side of humanity that some, including myself, see as our most human.

Gefahrensinn um 1500

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-106
Author(s):  
Christian Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Late Medieval ◽  
Ars Moriendi ◽  
Low German ◽  
The Face ◽  
Middle Low German ◽  
Sense Of Danger

AbstractThis article presents a manuscript that was transferred from the Hamburg Franciscan monastery to the Hamburg Beguin convent around the year 1500. The manuscript connects treatises, meditations and prayers of the late medieval Ars moriendi by using cross references, rubrics and intentionally arranged textgroups. The article contextualizes the Middle Low German treatises within the tradition of the ›Speculum artis bene moriendi‹, the ›Bilder Ars‹ and Jean Gersons ›Opus tripartitum‹. It reconstructs how the interplay of didactic and performative texts creates a sense of danger in the face of death while simultaneously providing strategies for securing salvation.

Counterpossibles and the ‘terrible’ divine command deity

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD BRIAN DAVIS ◽  
W. PAUL FRANKS
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Divine Command ◽  
Human Sacrifice ◽  
Divine Command Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Terrible Thing ◽  
Theistic Activism

AbstractIn a series of articles in this journal, Wes Morriston has launched what can only be considered a full-scale assault on the divine command theory (DCT) of morality. According to Morriston, proponents of this theory are committed to an alarming counterpossible: that if God did command an annual human sacrifice, it would be morally obligatory. Since only a ‘terrible’ deity would do such a ‘terrible’ thing, we should reject DCT. Indeed, if there were such a deity, the world would be a terrible place – certainly far worse than it is. We argue that Morriston's non-standard method for assessing counterpossibles of this sort is flawed. Not only is the savvy DCT-ist at liberty to reject it, but Morriston's method badly misfires in the face of theistic activism – a metaphysical platform available to DCT-ists, according to which if God didn't exist, neither would anything else.

scholarly journals РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ФИЗИЧЕСКОГО ТИПА ПОЗДНЕСРЕДНЕВЕКОВЫХ КРЫМСКИХ ТАТАР КЕРЧЕНСКОГО ПОЛУОСТРОВА

2020 ◽  
pp. 269-281
Author(s):  
Светлана Борисовна Боруцкая ◽  
Васильев Сергей Владимирович
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
High Infant Mortality ◽  
The Face

В статье приводится комплексный палеоантропологический анализ населения, оставившего некрополь Биели (г. Керчь, Республика Крым). Большой интерес эта серия представляет в связи с изучением этногенеза крымских татар. В работе дается краниологическая характеристика позднесредневековых крымских татар. Приводятся реконструкции лица по черепу по методу М.М. Герасимова. Особое внимание уделено реконструированию физического облика данного населения. Выявлены высокая детская смертность и низкий показатель средней продолжительности жизни населения, что говорит о невысоком благополучии в изучаемой группе. The article provides a comprehensive paleoanthropological analysis of the population from the Bieli necropolis (Kerch, Republic of Crimea). This sample is of great interest in connection with the study of the Crimean Tatars ethnogenesis. The work features a craniological characteristic of the late medieval Crimean Tatars and reconstructions of the face based on the skull by the method of M.M. Gerasimov. Particular attention is paid to the reconstruction of the physical appearance of a given population. High infant mortality and a low indicator of the average life expectancy of the population were revealed, which reflects general low well-being in the studied group.

The Architect's Compass in Creation Miniatures of the Later Middle Ages

Traditio ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Block Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Medieval Manuscripts ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Universe

It has long been believed that pictures of the creator marking out the universe with a compass, common in late-medieval manuscripts, were inspired by Wisdom 11.21 which says of God: ‘Omnia in mensura, et numero, et pondere disposuisti.’ Yet anyone who examines the forty-odd creation scenes with compass extant in psalters, horae, picture Bibles and other manuscript books will see quite clearly that only seven of these pictures illustrate literally the processes of weighing with scales, measuring, and numbering, as mentioned in the Book of Wisdom. The majority simply show God holding a compass with his handiwork before him, and seem to have been inspired by the opening chapters of Genesis — in which there is no compass — or by Proverbs 8.27, where God sets not a compass but a circle upon the face of the deep.

A Destiny Repeated: Episodes of Destruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kriston R. Rennie
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Middle Ages

This chapter introduces numerous historical witnesses to the abbey’s past, whose perspectives are preserved from the Middle Ages to the present day. Telling their stories is fundamental to understanding the abbey’s representation over time. This historical exercise is critical also to framing Monte Cassino’s resilience and rationalisation in the face of great adversity, which is a necessary step towards explaining its full-scale resurrection in the aftermath of destruction. Treating each case in tandem provides a wider view of the abbey’s ‘destruction tradition’ over fourteen centuries; its focus also explains and positions these episodes in the construction of Monte Cassino’s true identity during the process of recovery, which inevitably followed.

German Advice and Residual Warlordism in the Nanking Decade: Influences on Nationalist Military Training and Strategy

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 386-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Military Training ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
First Year ◽  
The Face ◽  
German American ◽  
Officer Education

Some 150 Germans in all served as advisers to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) in the decade between the Guomindang's Northern Expedition against the warlords (1927–28) and the end of the first year of Japan's full-scale invasion. Their importance to a government struggling to survive and modernize in the face of Japanese aggression and the threat of rural-based communism is recognized, and several studies describe the diplomacy and work of the unofficial mission at Nanking. But it is difficult in military as in civil reform to uncover how policies worked in practice. Chinese plans and pronouncements tended to gloss over contemporary realities, of which the most intractable were the persisting habits of warlordism within ex-warlord and even nominally Central armies. A cross-check of German, American, and British assessments with evidence from the Chinese side can indicate how genuine were the reform efforts, how influential the German officers, how intrusive warlord-style habits, and how impressive the results. I shall focus here on the neglected topics of German-directed officer education and troop training, and the much misunderstood German role in Chiang Kai-shek's strategy.

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