Influence of various concentrations of rice bran with tap water and pond water on the longevity, egg production and body size ofDaphnia similis Claus (Crustacea: Cladocera)

Abstract The spider crab Petramithrax pygmaeus (Bell, 1836), a phyletic dwarf, was used to test predictions regarding reproductive performance in small marine invertebrates. Considering the disproportional increase in brooding costs and the allometry of egg production with increasing body size, it was expected that this minute-size species would produce large broods compared to closely related species that attain much larger body sizes. Fecundity in P. pygmaeus females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 17 and 172 eggs crab–1 (mean ± SD = 87.97 ± 48.39) and between 13 and 159 eggs crab–1 (55.04 ± 40.29). Females did not experience brood loss during egg development. Egg volume in females carrying early and late eggs varied, respectively, between 0.13 and 0.40 mm3 (0.22 ± 0.07) and between 0.15 and 0.42 mm3 (0.26 ± 0.06 mm3). Reproductive output (RO) varied between 0.91 and 8.73% (3.81 ± 2.17%) of female dry body weight. The RO of P. pygmaeus was lower than that reported for closely related species with larger body sizes. The slope (b = 0.95 ± 0.15) of the line describing the relationship between brood and parental female dry weight was not statistically significant from unity. Overall, our results disagree with the notion that the allometry of gamete production and increased physiological costs with increased brood size explain the association between brooding and small body size in marine invertebrates. Comparative studies on the reproductive investment of brooding species belonging to monophyletic clades with extensive differences in body size are warranted to further our understanding about disparity in egg production in brooding marine invertebrates.

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Distribution, Growth, and Seasonal Abundance of Hyalella azteca (Amphipoda) in Relation to Sediment Microflora

Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ◽

10.1139/f70-073 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 685-699 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Barry T. Hargrave

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Egg Production ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Hyalella Azteca ◽

Maximum Density ◽

Seasonal Abundance ◽

Juvenile Survival ◽

Substrate Choice ◽

Deposit Feeding ◽

The Vertical Distribution

Growth, density, and body size of the deposit-feeding amphipod Hyalella azteca, and its food, epibenthic algae, and sediment microflora, were greatest in shallow-water areas of Marion Lake. The vertical distribution of Hyalella was limited to the upper 2 cm of sediment cores. Highest concentrations of sedimentary chlorophyll and lowest concentrations of nondigestible ligninlike material also occurred at the sediment surface.In laboratory substrate-choice experiments, Hyalella differentiated between sediments with different concentrations of microorganisms, and growth depended upon the quantity of microflora in the diet. In Marion Lake, increased growth of Hyalella during June was independent of temperature and closely correlated with increased rates of epibenthic primary production.Egg production, related to body size in a nonlinear manner, began during May as growth rates increased. As a combined result of egg production and juvenile survival, the maximum density of Hyalella in Marion Lake was reached in August.

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF BODY SIZE AND GROWTH TO EGG PRODUCTION IN THE HERMAPHRODITIC FRESHWATER SNAIL, HELISOMA TRIVOLVIS

Journal of Molluscan Studies ◽

10.1093/mollus/eyi057 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 143-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

CYNTHIA G. NORTON ◽

JENNIFER M. BRONSON

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Egg Production ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Helisoma Trivolvis ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Bahan Pakan Fermentasi Campuran Dedak Padi, Dedak Jagung, dan Bungkil Kedelai terhadap Produksi Telur Ayam Ras Petelur

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v2i4.5250 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nadia Nadia ◽

Herawati Latif ◽

Zulfan Zulfan

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Soybean Meal ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Heavy Weight ◽

Commercial Diet ◽

Corn Bran ◽

Body Weights

Abstrak : Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan pakan fermentasi yang tersusun dari dedak padi, dedak jagung, dan bungkil kedelai dengan ukuran bobot badan awal berbeda terhadap produksi telur ayam ras petelur. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Peternakan (LLP), Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala tanggal 13 Februari‒14 April 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan 48 ekor ayam ras petelur (layer), strain Isa Brown. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) pola 3x2. Faktor A merupakan perlakuan pemberian pakan fermentasi berbasis dedak padi + dedak jagung + bungkil kedelai dengan level 0% (A1), 15% (A2), dan 30% (A3). Faktor B merupakan perlakuan ukuran bobot badan awal ayam yang terdiri dari bobot badan awal sedang (B1) dan berat (B2). Tiap kombinasi perlakuan terdiri dari empat ulangan yang merupakan unit percobaan yang masing-masing terdiri dari dua ekor ayam ras petelur. Hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa bahan pakan fermentasi berbasis dedak padi + dedak jagung + bungkil kedelai dedak padi dapat digunakan sampai 30% untuk mensubsitusi ransum komersil selama bulan pertama periode produksi telur tanpa berpengaruh buruk terhadap produksi telur (HDP), berat telur, dan massa telur ayam ras, baik yang berukuran berat badan awal berat maupun sedang.Effect of Inclusion of Feed FermentationComposed of Rice Bran, Corn Bran, and Soybean Meal on Egg Production of Laying HensAbstrac: The objective of present study was to determine effect of inclusion of fermentation feed constituted of 40% rice bran + 40% corn bran+ 20% soybean meal as partial substitution of commercial diet to egg production of laying hens. As many as 48 pullets were used in this study. The study was performed into 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. The 1th factor was the inclusion of fermentation feed as partial substitution of commercial diets with the level of 0, 15, and 30%, respectively. The 2nd factor was the initial body weights of pullets classified into medium and heavy weight. Replication was an experimental unit consisted of 3 birds. The results of study showed that fermentation feed based on rice bran + corn bran+soybean meal could be used up to 30% to substitute of commercial diet without adverse effect on egg production of laying hens either medium or heavy weight. There was no interaction between fermentation feed and initial body weights of hens. The objective of present study was to determine effect of inclusion of fermentation feed constituted of 40% rice bran + 40% corn bran+ 20% soybean meal as partial substitution of commercial diet to egg production of laying hens. As many as 48 pullets were used in this study. The study was performed into 3x2 factorial completely randomized design. The 1th factor was the inclusion of fermentation feed as partial substitution of commercial diets with the level of 0, 15, and 30%, respectively. The 2nd factor was the initial body weights of pullets classified into medium and heavy weight. Replication was an experimental unit consisted of 3 birds. The results of study showed that fermentation feed based on rice bran + corn bran+soybean meal could be used up to 30% to substitute of commercial diet without adverse effect on egg production of laying hens either medium or heavy weight. There was no interaction between fermentation feed and initial body weights of hens.

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Intraspecific variation in reproductive effort by female Parapediasia teterrella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and its relation to body size

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z90-008 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 44-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Larry D. Marshall

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Body Size ◽

Egg Production ◽

Egg Size ◽

Reproductive Effort ◽

Life History Evolution ◽

Reproductive Parameters ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Egg Number ◽

Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Daily egg production of the moth Parapediasia teterrella declined over the life-span of the female but egg size remained constant. The absence of water resulted in lower fecundity and early mortality. Egg size and lifetime fecundity showed considerable inter-individual variation and large females produced more and larger eggs than their smaller counterparts. Large females expended greater reproductive effort than small females. Hatching success was negatively related to egg size. In spite of this, large females laying large eggs had higher fitness than small females. I postulate that multiple reproductive strategies within a species, resulting from differences in reproductive effort expended, may explain why expected trade-offs in reproductive parameters (e.g., egg size versus egg number) were not found in this species. Furthermore, I argue that the prevalent interpretation of life-history evolution (that body size is the important determining parameter of life-history parameters) may reflect correlation of body size with reproductive effort, and reproductive effort may be more important in determining the nature of trade-offs between reproductive parameters.

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A Highly Sensitive and Selective Colorimetric Hg2+ Ion Probe Using Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with Polyethyleneimine

Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/1206913 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kyung Min Kim ◽

Yun-Sik Nam ◽

Yeonhee Lee ◽

Kang-Bong Lee

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽

Color Change ◽

Colorimetric Assay ◽

Tap Water ◽

Interparticle Distance ◽

Pond Water ◽

Assay Method ◽

Tuna Fish ◽

Highly Sensitive

A highly sensitive and selective colorimetric assay for the detection of Hg2+ ions was developed using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) conjugated with polyethyleneimine (PEI). The Hg2+ ion coordinates with PEI, decreasing the interparticle distance and inducing aggregation. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry showed that the Hg2+ ion was bound to the nitrogen atoms of the PEI in a bidentate manner (N–Hg2+–N), which resulted in a significant color change from light red to violet due to aggregation. Using this PEI-AuNP probe, determination of Hg2+ ion can be achieved by the naked eye and spectrophotometric methods. Pronounced color change of the PEI-AuNPs in the presence of Hg2+ was optimized at pH 7.0, 50°C, and 300 mM·NaCl concentration. The absorption intensity ratio (A700/A514) was correlated with the Hg2+ concentration in the linear range of 0.003–5.0 μM. The limits of detection were measured to be 1.72, 1.80, 2.00, and 1.95 nM for tap water, pond water, tuna fish, and bovine serum, respectively. Owing to its facile and sensitive nature, this assay method for Hg2+ ions can be applied to the analysis of water and biological samples.

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Reproductive patterns of European pond turtles differ between sites: a small scale scenario

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/15685381-00003009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 339-349

Author(s):

Marco A.L. Zuffi ◽

Elena Foschi

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Egg Production ◽

Shell Height ◽

The Body ◽

Small Scale ◽

Central Mediterranean ◽

Population Structures ◽

Body Sizes ◽

Reproductive Females ◽

Similar Body

From 1996 to 2002, we studied the body size, measures of reproductive strategy (relative clutch mass and delayed reproduction at sexual maturity), and reproductive output (clutch frequency and annual egg production) of female European Pond turtles,Emys orbicularis, at two sites separated by 12 km in central Mediterranean Tuscany (San Rossore and Camp Darby, central northern Italy). Females did not reproduce at the first appearance of external sexual characters, but reproduced at larger sizes, probably as older turtles. Among years, reproductive females were more common than were non-reproductive females, yet both groups had similar body sizes. Body size (carapace length and width, plastron length and width, shell height and body mass) varied between localities and among years. Body size differed between reproductive and non reproductive females in Camp Darby, but not in San Rossore females. Shell volume did not vary among years, nor between localities, nor between reproductive status. Reproductive females had higher body condition indices (BCI) than did non-reproductive females, while BCI did not differ between females laying one clutch and females laying multiple clutches. Clutch size did not vary among years. One clutch per year was much more frequent than multiple clutches, and multiple clutches were more frequent in Camp Darby than in San Rossore females, likely due to differences in population structures between sites.

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Early introduction of water and complementary feeding and nutritional status of children in northern Senegal

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980007696384 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1299-1304 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Neil Gupta ◽

Mario Gehri ◽

Nicolas Stettler

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Tap Water ◽

Large Family ◽

Pond Water ◽

World Health ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children

AbstractObjectiveMalnutrition is responsible globally for 60% of deaths among children under 5 years and is often attributed to suboptimal feeding practices. In response, the World Health Organization recommends exclusive breast-feeding for the first 6 months of life. The objective of this study was to determine if an association exists between the early introduction of water and complementary foods (CFs) and the nutritional status of children in northern Senegal.Design/Setting/SubjectsA cross-sectional study of 374 children in the Podor Health District between the ages of 6 and 23 months was conducted. Knowledge and behaviours of mothers regarding introduction of water and CFs were assessed via individual interviews.ResultsWater was introduced to about 85% of the children in the first 3 months of life and 62% were fed CFs before 6 months. Overall, 16% had clinically significant wasting (weight-for-length Z-score (WHZ) less than − 2) and 20% had stunting (height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) less than − 2). There was no significant association between wasting or stunting and introduction of water before 3 months (WHZ: odds ratio = 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.14, P = 0.97; HAZ: 0.68, 0.34–1.36, P = 0.3) or introduction of CFs before 6 months (WHZ: 0.81, 0.46–1.42, P = 0.5; HAZ: 0.79, 0.46–1.35, P = 0.4). A significant association was found between wasting and male sex, age, living in Guede community, drinking river/pond water and large family size, while stunting was associated with age and drinking tap water.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that early introduction of water and CFs is frequent and is not associated with increased risk for malnutrition among children from this region of northern Senegal, but the possibility of reverse causality cannot be excluded.

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