The levels of carbonyl in crude protein extracts of several tissues from male Sprague-Dawley rats do not increase with age and are not affected by anti-aging diet restriction

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vittorini ◽  
C. Paradiso ◽  
Z. Gori ◽  
M. Pollera ◽  
E. Bergamini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

NIGERIAN COCOA HUSKS AND CASSAVA MEAL AS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR RATS FED SOYBEAN MEAL- OR PEANUT MEAL-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Nigerian cocoa husks (CH) and cassava meal (CM) were evaluated chemically and biologically in comparison with Canadian yellow corn(C), Canadian soybean meal (SBM) and U.S.A. peanut meal (PNM) using weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The growth experiment lasted 4 wk. Five major dietary energy-protein combinations were employed, one of which was supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine. Each major dietary category was subdivided into three isocaloric (3,600 kcal digestible energy/kg) subgroups containing 20, 16 and 12% crude protein respectively. The crude fat, crude protein and amino acid contents of the foodstuffs and prussic acid contents of CM and cassava root peels, and the theobromine content of detoxified and undetoxified CH were determined. Energy source substantially influenced the response to protein supplementation of the diets. Inclusion of CM at 30 to 50% of the diet gave the best overall performance. Isonitrogenous substitution of dethrobrominized CH for 6.7% corn in the C-PNM diet gave growth response and energy and nitrogen digestibilities which compared favorably with C-PNM or C-PNM supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine, thus suggesting that detheobrominized CH could be efficiently utilized in animal diets.

scholarly journals Maternal protein reserves and their influence on lactational performance in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Pine ◽  
N. S. Jessop ◽  
J. D. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Considerable Loss ◽  
Multiparous Female

To determine the contribution of tissue protein reserves to lactational performance, multiparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated, caged individually and offered a diet high in protein (215 g crude protein (N × 6·25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM);H) ad lib. until day 12 of gestation. Subsequently half the rats continued to receive diet H while the remainder were offered a diet low in protein (65 g CP/kg DM;L) until parturition. This treatment aimed to produce a difference in carcass protein at parturition. On day 1 of lactation females were allocated to either diet H or a low-protein diet (90 g CP/kg DM; L2) offered until day 13 of lactation, giving four lactation treatment groups HH, HL2, LH and LL2. Groups of females were slaughtered on days 2 and 12 of gestation and days 1 and 13 of lactation and carcass and major organs were analysed. Weight gain of standardized litters was used as an indicator of lactational performance. Maternal carcass protein contents at parturition were 43·5 (SE 1·2) and 38·7 (SE 0·8) g (P < 0·01) for diets H and L respectively. During lactation there was little change in carcass protein content of HH rats while LH rats appeared to replenish their depleted reserves. Food intake or lactational performance did not differ between these two groups. HL2 and LL2 rats lost carcass protein with HL2 rats losing more than LL2 rats (P < 0·05). Intake and lactational performance were reduced compared with that on diet H (P < 0.05) but for the first 6 d of lactation were both greater (P < 0·05) for diet HL2 than for diet LL2. All four groups showed a considerable loss of body fat during lactation which was not affected by diet. The ability of HL2 rats to catabolize more protein and consume more food allowed them to sustain a greater lactationai performance. Previous maternal protein depletion had no influence on lactationai performance as long as an adequate supply of dietary protein was provided.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE GROWN IN ATLANTIC CANADA USING RATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1074
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A.-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
ANN FILLMORE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Additional Sample

Triticale (T) (cv. Trillium and Beauguelita), wheat (W) (cv. Belvedere) and rye (R) (cv. Kodiak) were evaluated in two growth trials with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (10 per treatment) and in a metabolism trial with larger rats (body weight > 250 g). In trial 1, protein efficiency ratios (PER) were determined using 10% crude protein (CP) diets where the CP came exclusively from T-Beauguelita, T-Trillium, New Brunswick (NB) grown W-Belvedere, R-Kodiak (1984 or 1986 crop) or casein. Weight gain on both samples of R-Kodiak (avg. 64.4 g) was greater (P < 0.05) than on T-Beaguelita or W-Belvedere NB (45.5 and 38.3 g, respectively). The PER for casein (3.05) was higher than for R-Kodiak (avg. 1.90), T-Beaguelita (1.74), T-Trillium (1.66) or W-Belvedere NB (1.39). In trial 3, an additional sample of W-Belvedere grown in Nova Scotia (NS) was evaluated. Diets contained 93% test grain which supplied all of the CP and digestible energy (DE). Weight gain on T-Beaguelita (80.0 g) was greater than on R-Kodiak 1984 (62.2 g) while weight gain on W-Belvedere NS (43.2 g) was the lowest among all grains (P < 0.05). Apparent digestible energy (ADE) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of W-Belvedere NB (3453 and 3314 kcal kg−1, respectively) were higher than for W-Belvedere NS (3206 and 3129 kcal kg−1, respectively). ADE and AME of T-Beaguelita, T-Trillium and R-Kodiak 1984 were similar and lower in value than that of wheat. Triticale was well accepted by rats and was similar to rye and greater than the N.S. sample of wheat in nutritive value. Keys words: Triticale, rye, wheat, digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, PER, rat

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

Sarcolemmal permeability changes during early myocardial anoxia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
L. Landa ◽  
L. Nimmo ◽  
C. M. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sarcolemmal Permeability ◽  
Membrane Changes

Following coronary artery occlusion, the myocardial cells lose intracellular enzymes that appear in the serum 3 hrs later. By this time the cells in the ischemic zone have already undergone irreversible changes, and the cell membrane permeability is variably altered in the ischemic cells. At certain stages or intervals the cell membrane changes, allowing release of cytoplasmic enzymes. To correlate the changes in cell membrane permeability with the enzyme release, we used colloidal lanthanum (La+++) as a histological permeability marker in the isolated perfused hearts. The hearts removed from sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit medium gassed with 95% O2 + 5% CO2. The hypoxic medium contained mannitol instead of dextrose and was bubbled with 95% N2 + 5% CO2. The final osmolarity of the medium was 295 M osmol, pH 7. 4.

Light and electron microscopic investigation of adenohypophyses of germfree, food-restricted, and germfree-food restricted aging, male lobund-wistar rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
G. Ilse ◽  
K. Kovacs ◽  
N. Ryan ◽  
T. Sano ◽  
L. Stefaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Electron Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Aging Male ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Microscopic Findings

Germfree state and food restriction have been shown to increase life span and delay tumor occurrence in rats. We report here the histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic findings of adenohypophyses of aging, male Lobund-Wistar rats raised at Lobund Laboratories. In our previous study, the morphologic changes in the adenohypophyses of old rats have been extensively investigated by histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. Lactotroph adenomas were frequent in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats, whereas gonadotroph adenomas were frequent in Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats.Male Lobund-Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) conventional, which were raised under normal non-germfree environment and received food ad libitum; 2) germfree-food ad libitum; 3) conventional environment-food restricted and 4) germfree-food restricted. The adenohypophyses were removed from 6-month-, 18-month- and 30-month-old rats. For light microscopy, adenohypophyses were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin.

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