NIGERIAN COCOA HUSKS AND CASSAVA MEAL AS SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR RATS FED SOYBEAN MEAL- OR PEANUT MEAL-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Yellow Corn ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Nigerian cocoa husks (CH) and cassava meal (CM) were evaluated chemically and biologically in comparison with Canadian yellow corn(C), Canadian soybean meal (SBM) and U.S.A. peanut meal (PNM) using weanling Sprague-Dawley rats. The growth experiment lasted 4 wk. Five major dietary energy-protein combinations were employed, one of which was supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine. Each major dietary category was subdivided into three isocaloric (3,600 kcal digestible energy/kg) subgroups containing 20, 16 and 12% crude protein respectively. The crude fat, crude protein and amino acid contents of the foodstuffs and prussic acid contents of CM and cassava root peels, and the theobromine content of detoxified and undetoxified CH were determined. Energy source substantially influenced the response to protein supplementation of the diets. Inclusion of CM at 30 to 50% of the diet gave the best overall performance. Isonitrogenous substitution of dethrobrominized CH for 6.7% corn in the C-PNM diet gave growth response and energy and nitrogen digestibilities which compared favorably with C-PNM or C-PNM supplemented with DL-methionine and L-lysine, thus suggesting that detheobrominized CH could be efficiently utilized in animal diets.

NIGERIAN PARA RUBBER SEED MEAL AS AN ENERGY AND PROTEIN SOURCE FOR RATS FED SOYBEAN MEAL- OR PEANUT MEAL-SUPPLEMENTED DIETS

1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. OROK ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gain Energy ◽  
Gross Energy

Proximate, amino acid and fatty acid analyses were conducted on a sample of para rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) seeds (RS) obtained from Nigeria. The nutritive value of RS meal (RSM) for weanling Sprague-Dawley rats was tested with soybean meal (SBM)- or peanut meal (PNM)-supplemented diets fed at three protein levels (20, 16 and 12%), by including in the diets 7.4 to 12.4% meal prepared from either fresh or autoclaved decorticated RS. The feeding period was 4 wk, in the last week of which energy and nitrogen digestibilities were determined, followed by carcass analyses for protein, fat and ash. Kernels represented 57.0% of undecorticated RS. Meal from decorticated RS contained 3.9% moisture, 6.50 kcal gross energy/g, 43.3% crude fat, 18.3% crude protein, 3.8% crude fiber, 3.1% ash and 27.5% nitrogen-free extract. Rate of gain, energy and nitrogen digestibilities and carcass composition of rats fed diets containing RSM were comparable to those on the respective diets without RSM. Average food intake of rats fed RSM-supplemented diets was lower (P < 0.01) than that of rats on the SBM-supplemented diet. This lower consumption of diets containing RSM was consistent with their higher DE and ME (kcal/g food). Autoclaving RS had no consistent effects on the various measurements.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

Effect of Different Combinations of Tuna Fishmeal, Meat Meal with Bone, and Soybean Meal upon Growth Rate and Utilization of Feed by Broilers in the Starting and Fattening Periods

1969 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Juan A. Morassi ◽  
Manuel Soldevila ◽  
Manuel Rojas-Daporta
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Tolerance Level ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Overall Performance

Four studies of six evaluations were conducted during the starting and fattening periods of broiler chicks. Different combinations of soybean meal, tuna fishmeal, and meat meal were evaluated. Net gain in weight and feed utilization were used as criteria for comparison. Proportions from 2:1 to 1:2 of soybean and tuna fishmeals gave best results in preliminary screening studies. In successive studies, when diets were equalized as to nitrogen, calories, phosphorus, and calcium, in which the latter did not exceed the 1-percent tolerance level, high quality meat meal containing 50-percent crude protein satisfactorily substituted up to 75 percent of the tuna fishmeal in the diets without adversely affecting the overall performance of the birds. The amount of sodium chloride supplied by the highest level of tuna fishmeal used in this study did not cause apparent adverse effects.

Relationship between dietary tyrosine and plasma cholesterol in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Jacques ◽  
Yves Deshaies ◽  
Laurent Savoie
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Dietary Proteins ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

The present study was undertaken to measure the effects of dietary tyrosine added to fish protein and peanut meal on plasma cholesterol and plasma thyroid hormone levels in the rat. These dietary proteins were chosen because they contain similar amounts of tyrosine but release it at different rates during enzymatic hydrolysis. Casein was chosen as the reference protein. Supplementation was used to obtain tyrosine levels similar to that of casein. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed cholesterol-enriched diets containing 15% protein. After 3 weeks of experimental feeding, total postprandial plasma cholesterol was similar in the casein and peanut meal groups and significantly lower in the fish group. When added to the fish diet, tyrosine caused an increase in plasma cholesterol to a level similar to that of the casein group, whereas supplementation had no effect on plasma cholesterol of rats fed the peanut meal diet. The effects of dietary proteins or of tyrosine supplementation on cholesterol levels of the (density < 1.006 g/mL) lipoprotein fraction were comparable, but not all significant, to those observed on total plasma cholesterol. In addition, casein and fish diets induced significantly higher levels of plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and lower levels of plasma thyroxine (T4) than did the peanut meal diet. However, the addition of tyrosine to the fish or the peanut meal diet did not modify the plasma thyroid hormone levels. These results showed that tyrosine supplementation in a physiological amount may increase cholesterol levels in the rat when added to protein, with a slow release of tyrosine during digestion, and that the tyrosine effect was not related to the plasma thyroid hormone levels.

scholarly journals Protein Supplementation Improves Performance of Lambs Fed Low-Quality Forage

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Belal S. Obeidat ◽  
Hadil S. Subih ◽  
Mysaa Ata
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Forage Utilization ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Awassi Lambs

The objective was to investigate the effect of supplementing Awassi lambs fed low-quality forage with soybean meal. Twenty-one lambs (initial body weight (BW) of 26.1 ± 2.57 kg) were randomly assigned to the study diets, 1) the basal diet (forage mix; CON; n = 7); 2) the basal diet supplemented with either 125 (SBM125; n = 7); or 3) with 250 (SBM250; n = 7) SBM g/head/day. The forage mix was composed of 65% wheat straw and 35% alfalfa hay. The experimental diet was offered to the animals for 54 days. On day 40, four animals from each group were chosen to assess N balance and nutrient digestibility. The intake of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) was the highest (p < 0.016) in the SBM250 group, followed by the SBM125 group and the CON diet. Digestibility of DM and CP was higher (p <0.05) for the SBM-containing diets than the CON diet. Final BW and average daily gain were greater (p < 0.008) for lambs that consumed SBM-containing diets than for those that consumed the CON diet. In summary, the growth performance, forage utilization, and nutrient digestibility improved for lambs fed low-quality forage when supplemented with soybean meal.

The levels of carbonyl in crude protein extracts of several tissues from male Sprague-Dawley rats do not increase with age and are not affected by anti-aging diet restriction

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 480-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vittorini ◽  
C. Paradiso ◽  
Z. Gori ◽  
M. Pollera ◽  
E. Bergamini
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Diet Restriction ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals Maternal protein reserves and their influence on lactational performance in rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Pine ◽  
N. S. Jessop ◽  
J. D. Oldham
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Considerable Loss ◽  
Multiparous Female

To determine the contribution of tissue protein reserves to lactational performance, multiparous female Sprague-Dawley rats were mated, caged individually and offered a diet high in protein (215 g crude protein (N × 6·25; CP)/kg dry matter (DM);H) ad lib. until day 12 of gestation. Subsequently half the rats continued to receive diet H while the remainder were offered a diet low in protein (65 g CP/kg DM;L) until parturition. This treatment aimed to produce a difference in carcass protein at parturition. On day 1 of lactation females were allocated to either diet H or a low-protein diet (90 g CP/kg DM; L2) offered until day 13 of lactation, giving four lactation treatment groups HH, HL2, LH and LL2. Groups of females were slaughtered on days 2 and 12 of gestation and days 1 and 13 of lactation and carcass and major organs were analysed. Weight gain of standardized litters was used as an indicator of lactational performance. Maternal carcass protein contents at parturition were 43·5 (SE 1·2) and 38·7 (SE 0·8) g (P < 0·01) for diets H and L respectively. During lactation there was little change in carcass protein content of HH rats while LH rats appeared to replenish their depleted reserves. Food intake or lactational performance did not differ between these two groups. HL2 and LL2 rats lost carcass protein with HL2 rats losing more than LL2 rats (P < 0·05). Intake and lactational performance were reduced compared with that on diet H (P < 0.05) but for the first 6 d of lactation were both greater (P < 0·05) for diet HL2 than for diet LL2. All four groups showed a considerable loss of body fat during lactation which was not affected by diet. The ability of HL2 rats to catabolize more protein and consume more food allowed them to sustain a greater lactationai performance. Previous maternal protein depletion had no influence on lactationai performance as long as an adequate supply of dietary protein was provided.

NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF TRITICALE, WHEAT AND RYE GROWN IN ATLANTIC CANADA USING RATS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067-1074
Author(s):  
D. M. ANDERSON ◽  
A.-M. ST. LAURENT ◽  
ANN FILLMORE
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Additional Sample

Triticale (T) (cv. Trillium and Beauguelita), wheat (W) (cv. Belvedere) and rye (R) (cv. Kodiak) were evaluated in two growth trials with weanling Sprague-Dawley rats (10 per treatment) and in a metabolism trial with larger rats (body weight > 250 g). In trial 1, protein efficiency ratios (PER) were determined using 10% crude protein (CP) diets where the CP came exclusively from T-Beauguelita, T-Trillium, New Brunswick (NB) grown W-Belvedere, R-Kodiak (1984 or 1986 crop) or casein. Weight gain on both samples of R-Kodiak (avg. 64.4 g) was greater (P < 0.05) than on T-Beaguelita or W-Belvedere NB (45.5 and 38.3 g, respectively). The PER for casein (3.05) was higher than for R-Kodiak (avg. 1.90), T-Beaguelita (1.74), T-Trillium (1.66) or W-Belvedere NB (1.39). In trial 3, an additional sample of W-Belvedere grown in Nova Scotia (NS) was evaluated. Diets contained 93% test grain which supplied all of the CP and digestible energy (DE). Weight gain on T-Beaguelita (80.0 g) was greater than on R-Kodiak 1984 (62.2 g) while weight gain on W-Belvedere NS (43.2 g) was the lowest among all grains (P < 0.05). Apparent digestible energy (ADE) and apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of W-Belvedere NB (3453 and 3314 kcal kg−1, respectively) were higher than for W-Belvedere NS (3206 and 3129 kcal kg−1, respectively). ADE and AME of T-Beaguelita, T-Trillium and R-Kodiak 1984 were similar and lower in value than that of wheat. Triticale was well accepted by rats and was similar to rye and greater than the N.S. sample of wheat in nutritive value. Keys words: Triticale, rye, wheat, digestibility, protein efficiency ratio, PER, rat

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

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