Stem rot disease incidence on faba beans in an artificially infested field

The incidence of Sclerotinia rot disease was recorded on various pigeonpea cultivars from flowering initiation to pod formation stage during the years 2012-13 and 2013-14. Critical symptoms of the disease were observed as formation of cottony white mycelium along with number of sclerotia on infected tissues. The pathogen was characterized on the basis of morphological and pathological traits. The cool wet winter with average minimum and maximum temperatures (9.2 and 21.0 ºC) and more than 93% relative humidity play an important role for stem rot disease development and spread in pigeonpea crop. The pigeonpea cultivar, ‘ICPL-151’ showed maximum disease incidence, twig infection and yield losses up to 73.35%, 23.58% and 15.70%, respectively, while ‘Kudrat’ and ‘MAL-13’ cultivars were found completely resistant to the disease.

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Occurrence of Stem Rot on Canola Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Argentina

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-89-0530b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 530-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Gaetán ◽

M. Madia

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽

Buenos Aires ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Ground Level ◽

The United States ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Buenos Aires Province ◽

Rot Disease

Canola (Brassica napus) was introduced as an alternative crop for wheat in Argentina. During 2003, typical symptoms of stem rot disease were observed on canola plants in two commercial fields located at Bragado, in northern Buenos Aires Province in Argentina. Average disease incidence across four canola cultivars was 21% (range = 13 to 29%). Symptoms included chlorosis and wilting of foliage and necrosis of basal stems. The disease appeared singly or in patches consisting of 4- to 5-month-old plants. The first visible symptom noticed was chlorosis and wilting of the foliage beginning from the basal leaves. Infection of the main stem at ground level typically was followed by a grayish white discoloration that progressed above the soil line to the apex. In advanced stages of the disease, stems and branches became bleached and eventually died. Black and irregularly shaped sclerotia (average size 5.5 × 2.8 mm) inside necrotic stem tissue were the typical signs of the pathogen. From September to October 2003, four samples consisting of six affected plants per sample were arbitrarily collected from two commercial fields located at Bragado. Sclerotia were taken from diseased stems, dipped in 70% ethanol, surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 1 min, and rinsed in sterile water. Each sclerotium was blotted dry on sterile Whatman's filter paper and placed on potato dextrose agar. Plates were incubated in the dark at 25°C for 2 to 3 days, followed by incubation under 12-h NUV light/12-h dark for 6 to 8 days. Six resulting colonies were identified as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary on the basis of taxonomic characteristics of the plant pathogenic species of Sclerotinia (3). Koch's postulates for three fungal isolates from infected plants were carried out on 6-week-old canola plants (cvs. Eclipse, Impulse, Master, and Mistral) by placing a colonized agar disk into wounds made in the basal stem region with a sterile scalpel. Pathogenicity tests, which included five inoculated and three control plants potted in a sterilized soil mix (soil/sand, 3:1), were conducted in a greenhouse at 23 to 26°C and 75% relative humidity with no supplemental light. Characteristic symptoms identical to the original observations developed within 12 days after inoculation on 100% of the inoculated plants for three isolates. Symptoms included wilted foliage, collapsed plants, and plant death. White mycelium and sclerotia developed on infected tissues, and the pathogen was successfully reisolated from symptomatic plants in all instances. Control plants, which were treated similarly except that the agar disk did not contain fungal growth, remained healthy. The experiment was repeated, and the results were identical to the first inoculations. Canola stem rot disease incited by S. sclerotiorum was first reported in Argentina during 1995 at experimental field plots in Buenos Aires. S. sclerotiorum, which has been reported to cause disease in canola in Canada (2) and the United States (1,4), currently represents a serious problem to the main canola cultivars grown in Argentina. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of S. sclerotiorum causing a high incidence of stem rot in commercial crops of canola in Argentina. References: (1) D. F. Farr et al. Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (2) L. B. Jamaux et al. Plant Pathol. 44:22, 1995. (3) L. M. Kohn. Phytopathology 69:881, 1979. (4) D. V. Phillips et al. Phytopathology 92:785, 2002.

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Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

Author(s):

Diana Sofia Hanafiah ◽

IRDA SAFNI ◽

LUTHFI A.M. SIREGAR ◽

REVANDY I.M. DAMANIK ◽

ANGGRIA LESTAMI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Research Field ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Soybean Plant ◽

Agricultural Field ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Athelia Rolfsii ◽

Augmented Design ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Mutant Lines

Abstract. Hanafiah DS, Safni I, Siregar LAM, Famanik RIM, Lestmi A, Matondang M. 2020. Resistance level of several soybean lines of M6 generation to stem rot disease Athelia rolfsii. Biodiversitas 21: 4537-4542. Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C.C. Tu & Kimbr. is a soil-borne pathogen that causes stem rot disease on plants. The attack is one of the causes of low soybean productivity hence induction of plant resistance is needed to overcome these problems. Mutagenesis is one of the breeding techniques for inducing genetic variability especially for disease-resistant characters in soybean. This research aimed to obtain selected soybean plant lines (Glycine max L. Merr) of M6 generation based on resistant character against stem rot disease A. rolfsii. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Disease and research field of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia and soybean planting was carried out on agricultural field, Universitas Sumatera Utara from March to September 2018. This research used augmented design. The treatments were 8 mutant genotypes derived from radiation mutagenesis, that is; Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, and Kipas Putih varieties. The results showed that the analysis of resistant levels on M6 generation based on disease incidence resulted in 2 lines with resistant criteria to stem rot disease A. rolfsii, that is; M100A25 (5/3) and M200A11 (32/3). Observation of intensity of disease attacks showed that Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, M100A6 (31/1), and M200A12 (6/5) had the lowest resistance level compared to other genotypes. The mutant lines that had high category level of resistance are candidates for resistance lines against stem rot disease A. rolfsii.

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Effects of Row Pattern, Seeding Rate, and Inoculation Date on Fungicide Efficacy and Development of Peanut Stem Rot

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-91-3-0273 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 273-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

L. E. Sconyers ◽

T. B. Brenneman ◽

K. L. Stevenson ◽

B. G. Mullinix

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Field Studies ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Relative Efficacy ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Fungicide Efficacy ◽

Infested Field

Two field studies were conducted in 2000, 2001, and 2002 to determine the effects of row pattern (91.4-cm single or 20.3-cm twin) and seeding rate (single: 12.5, 17.4, or 22.6 seed m-1or twin: 6.2, 8.9, or 11.5 seed m-1) on peanut stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) development. The first study was conducted in a naturally infested field and relative efficacy of azoxystrobin (Abound 2.08 F, applied at a rate of 0.3 kg a.i. ha-1 at 60 and 90 days after planting [DAP]) also was evaluated. In this study, stem rot incidence was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in single rows planted at high seeding rates than in twin rows planted at any of the seeding rates. Row pattern did not affect azoxystrobin efficacy, and disease incidence was nearly half as much in twin rows treated with fungicide than incidence in single rows treated with fungicide. In the second field study, individual peanut plants in fumigated plots were inoculated once with S. rolfsii at 50, 70, or 90 DAP. Stem rot incidence at harvest was significantly greater on plants inoculated 50 DAP than plants inoculated 70 or 90 DAP. The incidence of spread to adjacent rows was higher in plots where plants were inoculated at 50 than at 90 DAP. Plants inoculated 90 DAP had less disease at harvest, but often developed more severe symptoms within the first week after inoculation compared with plants inoculated 50 or 70 DAP. Symptoms were more severe in single than in twin rows, and at the higher seeding rates. Data from these studies suggest that the physical spacing between plants is a critical factor in stem rot development both on individual plants and in plant populations.

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Komponen epidemi penyakit busuk akar dan pangkal batang tebu di Sumatera Selatan

Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia ◽

10.14692/jfi.16.2.49-60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 49-60

Author(s):

Tri Maryono ◽

Ani Widiastuti ◽

Rudi Hari Murti ◽

Achmadi Priyatmojo

Keyword(s):

Disease Progression ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Infected Plant ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Weather Data ◽

Develop Model ◽

Total N ◽

Basal Stem Rot ◽

Rot Disease

Epidemic Components of Sugarcane Root and Basal Stem Rot In South Sumatra Root and basal stem rot disease is one of new disease that currently was became a emerging problem on sugarcane plantations in Lampung and South Sumatra. The research was aimed to study the model of disease progression, AUDPC, infection rate (r), and the influence of weather and soil condition (physical and chemical properties of soil) on the development of sugarcane root and basal stem rot disease. The research was conducted on sugar cane plantation in South Sumatra. The disease incidence in three varieties was observed weekly in the field which had infected plant in previous year.. The data were analyzed to develop model of the disease progression, AUDPC, and the rate of root and basal stem rot disease. Weekly weather data was acquired from weather station of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin Airport, Palembang. Soil sample was taken from three disease category i.e moderate (disease incidence 25,1% - 50%), severe (disease incidence 50,1% - 75%), and healthy (no disease). The results showed that the disease develops following monomolecular and logistic models. The AUPDC and infection rate (r) in the monomolecular model were lower than in the logistic model. The direct effect coefficient of rainfall and relative humidity (RH) on the disease were positive (1.27 and 0.46 respectively), contrary the temperature and duration of irradiation which had a negative coefficient (-0.33 and -0.45 respectively). Meanwhile, K availability and permeability give a positive effect on the disease, while the total N and Fe availability give a negative effect on the disease.

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Survey of Collar Rot, Stem Rot and Dry Root Rot Disease Incidence of Groundnut in Parts of Karnataka, India

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2019.808.243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (08) ◽

pp. 2080-2086

Author(s):

P. Palaiah ◽

T. Narendrappa ◽

S.B. Mallesh ◽

C.R. Jahir Pasha

Keyword(s):

Root Rot ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Collar Rot ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

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Karakter Jamur Ceratocystis sp. Penyebab Penyakit Busuk Batang pada Acacia decurrens dan Status Penyakitnya di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi, Yogyakarta

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.10193 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Sri Rahayu ◽

Handojo Hadi Nurjanto ◽

Rahman Gilang Pratama

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Morphological Feature ◽

National Park ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Stem Rot ◽

In Vitro Growth ◽

The Status ◽

Rot Disease

Acacia decurrens merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang tumbuh mendominasi kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM), pasca erupsi Gunung Merapi tahun 2010. Sekitar 80% tegakan A. decurrens di kawasan tersebut menunjukkan gejala busuk batang akibat infeksi jamur Ceratocystis sp. yang umumnya dipicu oleh luka gerekan kumbang dari kelompok ambrosia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk : (1) mendeskripsikan karakter morfologi jamur Ceratocystis sp., serta kemampuannya beradaptasi pada beberapa jenis tanaman hutan, (2) mengevaluasi status penyakit busuk batang oleh jamur Ceratocystis sp. Karakter morfologi dan kemampuan adaptasinya pada inang akasia, melina, jabon, sengon, dan jati dilakukan di Laboratorium Perlindungan dan Kesehatan Hutan, Fakultas Kehutanan UGM. Survei untuk evaluasi status penyakit busuk batang dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Agustus 2014 di demplot restorasi pasca erupsi Merapi (luas 8,4 ha), dengan intensitas sampling 8%. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi, terdapat 2 isolat jamur Ceratocystis sp. yaitu asal lembah (L) dan dari bukit (B) dengan warna koloni krem, luas koloni 20-22 cm2 pada umur 14 hari, membentuk konidia menyerupai tong, dan silindris. Sifat lainnya yaitu memiliki kemampuan yang sama untuk tumbuh, mengkolonisasi, dan menginfeksi inang akasia, sengon, jabon, dan melina, tetapi tidak mampu tumbuh pada inang jati. Berdasarkan luas serangan, status penyakit busuk batang berkisar antara sangat umum sampai menyebar luas (luas serangan = 54-100%), dengan tingkat keparahan bekisar antara ringan sampai parah (intensitas penyakit = 15-67%).Kata kunci: Ceratocystis sp., Acacia decurrens, luas serangan, intensitas penyakit, Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi. Characteristic of stem rot diseases caused by Ceratocystis sp. on Acacia decurrens and its status in Gunung Merapi National Park, YogyakartaAbstractMount Merapi National Park (TNGM) has been dominated by Acacia decurrens after the eruption in 2010. Almost 80% of A. decurrens trees showed stem rot diseases caused by Ceratocystis sp. which may associate with stem wound induced by ambrosia beetle and other physical injuries. The research objective were (1) to characterize the morphological feature, in vitro growth, and ability to adapt, colonize as well as to infect akasia, jabon, sengon, melina and jati sedlings, (2) to evaluate the status of stem rot disease in TNGM demonstration plot. Laboratory work was conducted in order to study the morphological feature of the fungus, in vitro growth on PDA media, and to evaluate its compatibility to growth, colonize, and infect on 5th month seedling of akasia, sengon, jati, jabon and melina. Field monitorings were conducted from February to August 2014 at the restoration plot (8.4 ha) at 8% sampling intensity. Disease status was evaluated in order to ascertain the disease incidence and severity of stem rot disease at the demonstration plot area. Two Ceratocistys isolates found from the hill (B) and valley (L) had similar characteristics on morphologic features i.e. cream color, 20 to 22 cm2 colony size at 14 days growth in PDA media, having both cylindrical and barrel shaped conidia. The other characteristics of the Ceratocistys were an ability to growth, to colonize, and to infect akasia, sengon, melina and jabon, except on jati. The status of stem rot disease was ranged from highly common to widespread (disease incidence = 54%-100%) as the disease severity status was ranged from low to severe (disease severity = 15%-67%).

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An Outbreak of Bacterial Stem Rot of Dieffenbachia amoena Caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.310c ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 310-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

R. Cetinkaya-Yildiz ◽

M. Mirik ◽

Y. Aysan ◽

M. Kusek ◽

F. Sahin

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Erwinia Carotovora ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Rot Disease

Severe outbreaks of bacterial stem rot disease occurred on dieffenbachia plants (Dieffenbachia amoena cv. Tropic Snow) during the autumn and spring seasons of 2002 and 2003 in two commercial glasshouses (3.5 ha) near Adana and Mersin in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Characteristic symptoms of the disease were wilting of the lower leaves, darkening and water soaking of the leaves and stem at or below the soil level, and browning in the vessel and pith of the diseased plants. Eventually, the stem and leaves completely rotted, and the plants collapsed. Nearly 30 and 40% (2002 and 2003, respectively) of the 20,000 potted plants in the glasshouses were destroyed because of the disease. Cuttings often developed a typical soft rot during propagation. Disease incidence was estimated at approximately 50% on propagating material during 2003. Isolations were made from rotted stems, leaves, and discolored vessels of the dieffenbachia plants on King's medium B. Bacteria consistently isolated from the diseased tissues formed white-to-cream colonies on the medium. Bacteria from purified colonies were gram, oxidase, and arginine dyhidrolase negative, catalase positive, and facultative anaerobic. Ten representative strains all fermented glucose and reduced nitrates to nitrites. The strains caused soft rot of potato slices within 24 h at 25°C. All strains were resistant to erythromycin in an antibiotic disk (15 μg) assay. Negative results were obtained from utilization of α-methyl glycoside, reducing substance from sucrose, and indole production from tryptophane and phosphathase activity. Positive results were obtained from pectate, aesculin, and gelatine liquefaction for all strains. Acid was produced from glucose, sucrose, mannitol, mannose, lactose, raffinose, melibiose, trehalose, and L(+)-arabinose but not Darabinose, sorbitol, inulin, and maltose. Pathogenicity was confirmed by needle-stab inoculation at the stem on three plants each of dieffenbachia and tomato plants (5-week-old cv. H-2274). Sterile distilled water was used as a negative control. All plants were covered with polyethylene bags for 48 h at 25°C. Within 72 h after inoculation, water-soaking and soft-rot symptoms were observed on dieffenbachia and tomato plants. All of the bacterial strains isolated in the present study were identified as Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis with similarity indices ranging from 80 to 94%. Furthermore, Biolog GN (Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey) profiles identified them as the same pathovar with similarity values of 67 to 72%. All of the test results were similar to those of reference strain GSPB 435 (Gottinger Sammlung phytopathogener Bakterien, Georg-August University, Gottingen, Germany) of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora used in this study. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence and outbreak of a bacterial rot disease on dieffenbachia grown in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Contaminated cuttings may be the primary source of inoculum within and between glasshouses.

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