The “modeling clay” approach to bio-inspired electronic hardware

1998 ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Hayworth
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
Modeling Clay

Electronic hardware for high resolution time-of-flight measurements

1979 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Armenante ◽  
V. Santoro ◽  
N. Spinelli ◽  
F. Vanoli
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Resolution Time ◽  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
Flight Measurements

Control Electronics and Hybrid Dynamic System-Based API for a 6-DOF Desktop Haptic Interface

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Salcudean ◽  
R. Six ◽  
R. Barman ◽  
S. Kingdon ◽  
I. Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic System ◽  
Haptic Interface ◽  
State Transitions ◽  
Hybrid Dynamic System ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Control Electronics ◽  
Six Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Electronic Hardware ◽  
Device Location ◽  
Programming Interface

Abstract A six-degree-of-freedom desktop magnetically levitated haptic interface has been developed by the authors. Its electromechanical design is described in (Salcudean and Parker, 1997). In this paper, aspects of electronic hardware architecture and the control of actuator currents are discussed. To program this device, a new low level applications programming interface (API) that models the haptic interface as a hybrid dynamic system is proposed. The user can define a finite state machine in which every state is a device impedance. State transitions occur upon the satisfaction of linear inequalities in terms of the device location, velocity and force. Examples of the use of such hybrid dynamic systems to produce haptic effects are given.

scholarly journals The Absence of Generosity and Obedience to Authority: Judgments of Teachers and Students From Kindergarten

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (60) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Akemi Kawashima ◽  
Raul Aragão Martins
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Modeling Clay ◽  
Obedience To Authority

Preschool Education can provide conditions for the construction of moral values in children. This study’s objective was to investigate the judgment of teachers and students in Primary Education regarding the virtue of generosity and whether, in this judgment, it is valued more than obedience to authority. Interviews were held with 26 teachers and 90 children from four municipal schools, using a stimulus-story about an activity using modeling clay. The results indicated that, for the majority of participants, the attitude of the teacher in the stimulus-story, in not helping the child and demanding obedience in first place, is wrong. In relation to the reasons, for the majority of the teachers, the lack of help is justified because the activity with the modeling clay should be free, prioritizing the child’s wishes. For the majority of the children, however, the teachers’ lack of help is felt as failure to attribute postive value. Furthermore, it was observed that the strength of the virtue of generosity among the participants in this study is weak.

scholarly journals Fruit color preference by birds and applications to ecological restoration

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 955-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Gagetti ◽  
A. J. Piratelli ◽  
F. C. M. Piña-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Frugivorous Birds ◽  
Color Preferences ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Modeling Clay ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract Ecological restoration aims to retrieve not only the structure but also the functionality of ecosystems. Frugivorous birds may play an important role in this process due to their efficiency in seed dispersal. Color perception in these animals is highly developed, and then the colors of fleshy fruits may provide important clues for choosing plant species for restoration plans. This study aims to integrate bird color preferences and restoration of degraded areas, with an objective to evaluate the potential attractiveness to birds by colored fruits. We carried out an experiment with 384 artificial fruits made of edible modeling clay with the following colors: black, blue, green and red, with 96 fruits of each color in six sites, including four restored areas and two second-growth forest fragments. We also tested the possible effect of light intensity on fruit consumption by color. A total of 120 (38.6%) were assumed to be consumed by birds, and the fruit consumption varied in response to the location and light incidence. Consumption of black and blue fruits was not related to site by chance. Notwithstanding, red and black fruits were consumed significantly more than any other colors, emphasizing bird preference to these colors, regardless of location. Enrichment with shade tolerant shrubs or forest species with black or red fruits may be an alternative way to manage established restorations. In recently established or new restorations, one may introduce pioneer shrubs or short-lived forest species which have blue fruits, but also those having black or red ones.

scholarly journals An Affordable Knee Arthroscopy Simulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul André Alain Milcent ◽  
Alexandre Roberto Roman Coelho ◽  
Sthéphano Pellizzaro Rosa ◽  
Ygor Luiz Degraf da Fonseca ◽  
Andressa Zabudovski Schroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroscopy ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Knee Model ◽  
Intercondylar Eminence ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Training Methodologies ◽  
Modeling Clay

Abstract: Introduction: The objective of this study is to describe a model of knee arthroscopy simulator that is affordable, low-cost and easily reproducible, aiming to enable the diffusion of more effective active teaching and training methodologies. Methods: For the creation of the arthroscopic camera, an endoscopic camera for mobile phones and computers model SXT-5.0M manufactured by KKMOON were used. The camera was introduced in a metal tube, which was coupled to a set of three 20 mm PVC hydraulic connectors to simulate the handle and sleeve of the arthroscope. The camera has a resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels and is equipped with six built-in white LED lamps, simulating and eliminating the need to use an additional light source. The knee model was developed using a PVC pipe fixed on a wooden support, to which synthetic femur and tibia models were affixed. Four three-centimeter diameter holes, compatible with the standard arthroscopic portals, were made in the body of the PVC pipe. For the menisci, a model was made out of modeling clay (Corfix®), until the anatomical structures were close to the real ones. The model consists of both menisci and the intercondylar eminence, simulating the proximal tibial articular surface. The model made out of modeling clay was the basis for the production of a thin Crystal Polyester Resin mold. Using the resin mold, the meniscal models were made of Silicone Rubber Type II, widely used in industry and crafts. Results: A functional and reproducible simulator was obtained, consisting of a knee model and an arthroscopic camera. The simulator works adequately adapted to a TV, monitor or computer, and allows the simulation of diagnostic procedures, meniscectomy and meniscoplasty. Conclusion: It is possible to develop a knee arthroscopy simulator, with components available in local and electronic commerce, at a cost of approximately R$ 300.

Design and characterization of a copper microchannel heat sink for SiP cooling

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140015
Author(s):  
Min Miao ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Hejie Yu ◽  
Lili Cao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Copper Substrate ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Peak Temperature ◽  
Microchannel Heat Sink ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Electronic Hardware

With the increasing flourishing of miniaturized, multifunctional, and heterogeneously integrated system in package (SiP), heating problem is becoming more and more serious. In this paper, to meet the heat dissipation needs of the chips thus assembled and to achieve effective thermal management, linear, serpent and spiral shaped microchannel heat sinks were designed and fabricated into copper substrate by electrical discharge machining (EDM) and precision machining technology, acting both as the cooler and mounting base for passive and active SiP interposers. A test platform was set up to characterize the heat dissipation performance of the copper-based microchannel heat sink. The experimental and simulation results show that heat dissipation rate increases with the increasing heat flux density in the range 5–30 W/cm2 for the three microchannel designs, and the peak temperature can all be kept below 340 K (67[Formula: see text]C) even for the highest heat flux. The three designs are compared from the perspective of peak temperature, temperature distribution uniformity and pressure drop. In all, the solution proposed hereby provides a new and optimal option for in-situ cooling for densely integrated electronic hardware.

Fifty years of Electronic Hardware Implementations of First and Higher Order Neural Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 269-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Selviah ◽  
Janti Shawash
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Electronic Hardware

This chapter celebrates 50 years of first and higher order neural network (HONN) implementations in terms of the physical layout and structure of electronic hardware, which offers high speed, low latency, compact, low cost, low power, mass produced systems. Low latency is essential for practical applications in real time control for which software implementations running on CPUs are too slow. The literature review chapter traces the chronological development of electronic neural networks (ENN) discussing selected papers in detail from analog electronic hardware, through probabilistic RAM, generalizing RAM, custom silicon Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuit, Neuromorphic chips, pulse stream interconnected neurons to Application Specific Integrated circuits (ASICs) and Zero Instruction Set Chips (ZISCs). Reconfigurable Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are given particular attention as the most recent generation incorporate Digital Signal Processing (DSP) units to provide full System on Chip (SoC) capability offering the possibility of real-time, on-line and on-chip learning.

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