scholarly journals Proca Q-balls and Q-shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Heeck ◽  
Arvind Rajaraman ◽  
Rebecca Riley ◽  
Christopher B. Verhaaren
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Gauge Boson ◽  
Numerical Solutions ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Topological Solitons ◽  
Analytic Approximations ◽  
Frame Work

Abstract Non-topological solitons such as Q-balls and Q-shells have been studied for scalar fields invariant under global and gauged U(1) symmetries. We generalize this frame-work to include a Proca mass for the gauge boson, which can arise either from spontaneous symmetry breaking or via the Stückelberg mechanism. A heavy (light) gauge boson leads to solitons reminiscent of the global (gauged) case, but for intermediate values these Proca solitons exhibit completely novel features such as disconnected regions of viable parameter space and Q-shells with unbounded radius. We provide numerical solutions and excellent analytic approximations for both Proca Q-balls and Q-shells. These allow us to not only demonstrate the novel features numerically, but also understand and predict their origin analytically.

scholarly journals Gravitationally coupled magnetic monopole and conformal symmetry breakingThis paper was presented at the Theory CANADA 4 conference, held at Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Québec, Canada on 4–7 June 2008.

2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Edery ◽  
Luca Fabbri ◽  
M. B. Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Conformal Symmetry ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Magnetic Monopoles ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Abelian Gauge ◽  
Conformally Invariant ◽  
The Core

We consider a Georgi–Glashow model conformally coupled to gravity. The conformally invariant action includes a triplet of scalar fields and SO(3) non-Abelian gauge fields. However, the usual mass term μ2ϕ2 is forbidden by the symmetry, and this role is now played by the conformal coupling of the Ricci scalar to the scalar fields. Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs via gravitation. The spherically symmetric solutions correspond to localized solitons (magnetic monopoles) in asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime and the metric outside the core of the monopole is found to be Schwarzschild–AdS. Though conformal symmetry excludes the Einstein–Hilbert term in the original action, it emerges in the effective action after spontaneous symmetry breaking and dominates the low-energy–long-distance regime outside the core of the monopole.

My Life as a Boson: The Story of "The Higgs"

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
Peter Higgs
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Landau Theory ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Bcs Theory ◽  
Goldstone Theorem ◽  
Ginzburg Landau ◽  
Goldstone Bosons ◽  
Massless Spin ◽  
The Subject

The story begins in 1960, when Nambu, inspired by the BCS theory of superconductivity, formulated chirally invariant relativistic models of interacting massless fermions in which spontaneous symmetry breaking generates fermionic masses (the analogue of the BCS gap). Around the same time Jeffrey Goldstone discussed spontaneous symmetry breaking in models containing elementary scalar fields (as in Ginzburg-Landau theory). I became interested in the problem of how to avoid a feature of both kinds of model, which seemed to preclude their relevance to the real world, namely the existence in the spectrum of massless spin-zero bosons (Goldstone bosons). By 1962 this feature of relativistic field theories had become the subject of the Goldstone theorem.

scholarly journals STANDARD MODEL IN AdS SLICE WITH UV-LOCALIZED HIGGS FIELD

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3641-3660
Author(s):  
SERGEY MIRONOV ◽  
MIKHAIL OSIPOV ◽  
SABIR RAMAZANOV
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Gauge Boson ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Mass Generation ◽  
Yukawa Couplings ◽  
Fermion Fields ◽  
Suppression Mechanism ◽  
Neutrino Mass Generation

We discuss five-dimensional Standard Model in a slice of AdS space–time with the Higgs field residing near or on the UV brane. Allowing fermion fields to propagate in the bulk, we obtain the hierarchy of their masses and quark mixings without introducing large or small Yukawa couplings. However, the interaction of fermions with the Higgs and gauge boson KK excitations gives rise to FCNC with no built-in suppression mechanism. This strongly constrains the scale of KK masses. We also discuss neutrino mass generation via KK excitations of the Higgs field. We find that this mechanism is subdominant in the scenarios of spontaneous symmetry breaking we consider.

WARD-TAKAHASHI IDENTITIES AND SPIN-0 COMPONENTS OF W AND Z FIELDS

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3240-3242
Author(s):  
Bing An Li
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Scalar Fields

It is shown that three scalar fields are dynamically generated after spontaneous symmetry breaking. Their masses are dynamically determined at about 1014GeV. They are ghosts. Unitarity of the SM is broken at 1014GeV.

scholarly journals Search for $$Z'$$ pair production from scalar boson decay in minimal $$U(1)_{L_\mu - L_\tau }$$ model at the LHC

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Nomura ◽  
Takashi Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Gauge Boson ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Scalar Boson ◽  
Gauge Bosons ◽  
Signal Significance ◽  
O 10

AbstractWe consider a model with gauged $$L_\mu ^{} - L_\tau ^{}$$ L μ - L τ symmetry in which the symmetry is spontaneously broken by a scalar field. The decay of the scalar boson into two new gauge bosons is studied as a direct consequence of the spontaneous symmetry breaking. Then, a possibility of searches for the gauge and scalar bosons through such a decay at the LHC experiment is discussed. We consider the case that the mass range of the gauge boson is $${\mathcal {O}}(10)$$ O ( 10 )  GeV, which is motivated by anomalies reported by LHCb. We will show that the signal significance of the searches for the gauge boson and scalar boson reach to 3 and 5 for the scalar mixing 0.012 and 0.015, respectively.

scholarly journals Complementarity between dark matter direct searches and CEνNS experiments in U(1)′ models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon M. G. de la Vega ◽  
L. J. Flores ◽  
Newton Nath ◽  
Eduardo Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Dark Matter Candidate ◽  
Beam Dump ◽  
Reactor Experiment

Abstract We explore the possibility of having a fermionic dark matter candidate within U(1)′ models for CEνNS experiments in light of the latest COHERENT data and the current and future dark matter direct detection experiments. A vector-like fermionic dark matter has been introduced which is charged under U(1)′ symmetry, naturally stable after spontaneous symmetry breaking. We perform a complementary investigation using CEνNS experiments and dark matter direct detection searches to explore dark matter as well as Z′ boson parameter space. Depending on numerous other constraints arising from the beam dump, LHCb, BABAR, and the forthcoming reactor experiment proposed by the SBC collaboration, we explore the allowed region of Z′ portal dark matter.

Twisted quantum fields in a curved space–time

1978 ◽  
Vol 362 (1710) ◽  
pp. 383-404 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vector Bundles ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Complex Scalar ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Product Vector ◽  
Twisted Fields

Non-trivial space–time topology leads to the possibility of twisted fields viewed as cross sections of non-product vector bundles. For globally hyperbolic space–times twisted real and complex scalar fields are especially interesting, and are in one-to-one correspondence with certain groups determined by the space–time topology. Twisted fields can be quantized and lead to results differing from the usual ones. For example, spontaneous symmetry breaking may be suppressed and regularized vacuum self-energies take on different values. Sets of twisted fields may be collected together into a type of super-multiplet whose size is determined by the space–time topology.

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